Background: COVID-19 which has come as an emerging disease was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. In an attempt to limit the spread of this virus, strict measures were taken amongst which closure of schools and child care facilities were also implemented. This impacted the holistic well-being of the children. Objective: This systematic review aimed at identifying early childhood development (ECD) interventions targeted to children 0-8 years of age conducted and reported during the COVID-19 pandemic in low and middle-income countries, and also to identify the barriers and facilitators to taking up ECD activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This systematic review considered all published and pre-print studies published between 31 Dec 2019 and 31 Dec 2020 and followed PRISMA guidelines for the conduct of the systematic review. Databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, and the WHO COVID-19 database were searched. Result: Zero studies were included at the end of the full-text screening. Few papers were fitting well with the scope of the paper; however, those papers were not fitting the study design. The majority of those papers were position papers and opinion papers. Conclusion: This empty review highlighted a major research gap in the literature. There were no studies conducted to address the interventions taken place in the pandemic to support ECD. There is a dire need to address the issue by conducting more quantitative and qualitative studies. *Correspondence to: Zohra S Lassi, Robinson Research Institute, the University of Adelaide, Australia, E-mail: Zohra.lassi@adelaide.edu.au
背景:2019冠状病毒病是一种新兴疾病，于2020年3月被世界卫生组织宣布为大流行。为了限制这种病毒的传播，采取了严格的措施，其中包括关闭学校和儿童保育设施。这影响了孩子们的整体健康。目的:本系统综述旨在确定低收入和中等收入国家在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间实施和报告的针对0-8岁儿童的幼儿发展(ECD)干预措施，并确定在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间开展幼儿发展活动的障碍和促进因素。方法:本系统评价考虑了2019年12月31日至2020年12月31日期间发表的所有已发表和预印本研究，并遵循PRISMA指南进行系统评价。检索了MEDLINE、Embase、ERIC、CINAHL、Cochrane中央对照试验注册库(Central)、谷歌Scholar和WHO COVID-19数据库等数据库。结果:在全文筛选结束时，零项研究被纳入。很少有论文与论文的范围很吻合;然而，这些论文并不符合研究设计。这些文件大多数是立场文件和意见文件。结论:这篇空白综述突出了文献中一个主要的研究空白。没有进行任何研究，讨论在大流行病期间为支持幼儿发展而采取的干预措施。迫切需要通过进行更多的定量和定性研究来解决这一问题。*通讯:Zohra S Lassi，澳大利亚阿德莱德大学罗宾逊研究所，E-mail: Zohra.lassi@adelaide.edu.au
{"title":"Interventions to support early childhood development in times of COVID-19: A Systematic Review","authors":"K. Rahim, S. Bhamani, Z. Lassi","doi":"10.15761/hpc.1000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/hpc.1000214","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 which has come as an emerging disease was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. In an attempt to limit the spread of this virus, strict measures were taken amongst which closure of schools and child care facilities were also implemented. This impacted the holistic well-being of the children. Objective: This systematic review aimed at identifying early childhood development (ECD) interventions targeted to children 0-8 years of age conducted and reported during the COVID-19 pandemic in low and middle-income countries, and also to identify the barriers and facilitators to taking up ECD activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This systematic review considered all published and pre-print studies published between 31 Dec 2019 and 31 Dec 2020 and followed PRISMA guidelines for the conduct of the systematic review. Databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, and the WHO COVID-19 database were searched. Result: Zero studies were included at the end of the full-text screening. Few papers were fitting well with the scope of the paper; however, those papers were not fitting the study design. The majority of those papers were position papers and opinion papers. Conclusion: This empty review highlighted a major research gap in the literature. There were no studies conducted to address the interventions taken place in the pandemic to support ECD. There is a dire need to address the issue by conducting more quantitative and qualitative studies. *Correspondence to: Zohra S Lassi, Robinson Research Institute, the University of Adelaide, Australia, E-mail: Zohra.lassi@adelaide.edu.au","PeriodicalId":48703,"journal":{"name":"Primary Health Care Research and Development","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74743752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wide spectra of risk factors can generate human suicide episodes and victim. To achieve an ultimate goal of suicide management, pathological origin and progress of human suicide should be unveiled. Current different suicide origin and pathological progress between susceptible population, mental disordered patients and normal people should be understood. Therapeutic knowledge may be built by translating different types of pathology knowledge into clinically technical modernization (diagnostics and instruments).
{"title":"Pathology Study for Human Suicide","authors":"D. Lu, Hong-ying Wu, Bin Xu","doi":"10.15761/hpc.1000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/hpc.1000209","url":null,"abstract":"Wide spectra of risk factors can generate human suicide episodes and victim. To achieve an ultimate goal of suicide management, pathological origin and progress of human suicide should be unveiled. Current different suicide origin and pathological progress between susceptible population, mental disordered patients and normal people should be understood. Therapeutic knowledge may be built by translating different types of pathology knowledge into clinically technical modernization (diagnostics and instruments).","PeriodicalId":48703,"journal":{"name":"Primary Health Care Research and Development","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77454040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this short paper two aspects of veterinary preventive medicine are addressed: applying vaccines and implementing risk identification and risk management plans. Both should go hand-in-hand on animal production farms because they are mutually beneficial. Moreover, the potential risk of economic losses is drastically lowered. In this short paper both domains are briefly highlighted. A dairy farm is used for illustration purposes. *Correspondence to: Jos Noordhuizen, DVM, PhD, Former Diplomate at EC BHM and VPM, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, North Wagga, NSW, Australia, E-mail: josnoord@ gmail.com Received: January 06, 2021; Accepted: January 22, 2021; Published: January 25, 202
{"title":"Vaccination and Risk identification & Risk management: a true controversy?","authors":"J. Noordhuizen","doi":"10.15761/HPC.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/HPC.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"In this short paper two aspects of veterinary preventive medicine are addressed: applying vaccines and implementing risk identification and risk management plans. Both should go hand-in-hand on animal production farms because they are mutually beneficial. Moreover, the potential risk of economic losses is drastically lowered. In this short paper both domains are briefly highlighted. A dairy farm is used for illustration purposes. *Correspondence to: Jos Noordhuizen, DVM, PhD, Former Diplomate at EC BHM and VPM, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, North Wagga, NSW, Australia, E-mail: josnoord@ gmail.com Received: January 06, 2021; Accepted: January 22, 2021; Published: January 25, 202","PeriodicalId":48703,"journal":{"name":"Primary Health Care Research and Development","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82629063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dragan Piljic, N. Sehic, Dilista Piljić, Fahrudin Sabanovic, M. Petricevic, G. Samoukovic
A 11-years old female with growth problem and chronic renal failure was admitted for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation for long-term haemodialysis in the pediatric ward. During her hospital stay, continue to have a cuffed central venous catheter (CVC) as the first choice for vascular access. AVF the cubital artery vena cephalica was performed with a standard end-to-side anastomosis with a continuous running 8-0 prolene monofilament suture. The patient was discharged on the second post operative day, subsequent to a normal AVF primary patency. We recommend that vascular and pediatric Hemodialysis centers establish a strategy supporting AVF creation in small children when peritoneal dialysis is contraindicated and pre-emptive kidney transplantation is not feasible. *Correspondence to: Dragan Piljic, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Tel: +38735303202; E-mail: dragan.piljic@dr.com
{"title":"Autologous Arteriovenous Fistula Creation for Haemodialysis in Small Children","authors":"Dragan Piljic, N. Sehic, Dilista Piljić, Fahrudin Sabanovic, M. Petricevic, G. Samoukovic","doi":"10.15761/HPC.1000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/HPC.1000203","url":null,"abstract":"A 11-years old female with growth problem and chronic renal failure was admitted for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation for long-term haemodialysis in the pediatric ward. During her hospital stay, continue to have a cuffed central venous catheter (CVC) as the first choice for vascular access. AVF the cubital artery vena cephalica was performed with a standard end-to-side anastomosis with a continuous running 8-0 prolene monofilament suture. The patient was discharged on the second post operative day, subsequent to a normal AVF primary patency. We recommend that vascular and pediatric Hemodialysis centers establish a strategy supporting AVF creation in small children when peritoneal dialysis is contraindicated and pre-emptive kidney transplantation is not feasible. *Correspondence to: Dragan Piljic, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Tel: +38735303202; E-mail: dragan.piljic@dr.com","PeriodicalId":48703,"journal":{"name":"Primary Health Care Research and Development","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82434443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most epidemiologic models project that only a small fraction of the world’s billion people who have “multi-morbidity” (i.e., three or more chronic health conditions) [1] will succumb to COVID-19-induced mortality. Many more multi-morbid people, most of whom are older, are vulnerable to incurring “collateral damage,” i.e., deterioration and death as a result of “social-distancing” and other pandemic control strategies that are likely to continue until a vaccine becomes widely available (in mid-2021 at the earliest) [2].
{"title":"Minimizing Collateral Damage from COVD-19 Distancing Strategies: Protecting Patients who have Multi-Morbidity","authors":"E. Shadmi, C. Boult, R. Balicer","doi":"10.15761/HPC.1000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/HPC.1000200","url":null,"abstract":"Most epidemiologic models project that only a small fraction of the world’s billion people who have “multi-morbidity” (i.e., three or more chronic health conditions) [1] will succumb to COVID-19-induced mortality. Many more multi-morbid people, most of whom are older, are vulnerable to incurring “collateral damage,” i.e., deterioration and death as a result of “social-distancing” and other pandemic control strategies that are likely to continue until a vaccine becomes widely available (in mid-2021 at the earliest) [2].","PeriodicalId":48703,"journal":{"name":"Primary Health Care Research and Development","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89606723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant hormones are organic chemicals that are synthesised either in response to environmental challenges or at discrete stages of the continuous process of plant development. They work at concentrations of 10-7 M or lower. They help coordinate growth and cell development either within a tissue or between separate tissues. These hormones, about 10 in number (cf 50 in mammals) exert distinct transcriptional and translational leverage via characterised receptors. Growing plants are very sensitive to many characteristics of their environment; changes commonly initiate cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients similar in speed and length to those in mammals. Usually these transients precede subsequent hormoneinitiated processes [1,2]. Additional control is implemented by intercellular and inter-organ movement of some proteins, mRNA’s, sRNAs, peptides probably secreted in exosomal vesicles [3-5]. Some important minerals such as nitrate and phosphate have their availability assessed through characterised receptors and alter growth and development accordingly [6,7].
{"title":"Inter-Individuality and plant hormones","authors":"T. Trewavas","doi":"10.15761/HPC.1000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/HPC.1000193","url":null,"abstract":"Plant hormones are organic chemicals that are synthesised either in response to environmental challenges or at discrete stages of the continuous process of plant development. They work at concentrations of 10-7 M or lower. They help coordinate growth and cell development either within a tissue or between separate tissues. These hormones, about 10 in number (cf 50 in mammals) exert distinct transcriptional and translational leverage via characterised receptors. Growing plants are very sensitive to many characteristics of their environment; changes commonly initiate cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients similar in speed and length to those in mammals. Usually these transients precede subsequent hormoneinitiated processes [1,2]. Additional control is implemented by intercellular and inter-organ movement of some proteins, mRNA’s, sRNAs, peptides probably secreted in exosomal vesicles [3-5]. Some important minerals such as nitrate and phosphate have their availability assessed through characterised receptors and alter growth and development accordingly [6,7].","PeriodicalId":48703,"journal":{"name":"Primary Health Care Research and Development","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82892279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 61-year-old Han Chinese male presented with 4-5 weeks of failure to thrive, hiccups, malaise, and fevers up to 101.5 at home. The patient had been admitted one week prior due to similar symptoms. His primary care physician recently (within 3 months) started gabapentin and chlorpromazine for hiccups, and allopurinol for gout. Drug fever was suspected, and the patient was asked to discontinue gabapentin, allopurinol and chlorpromazine. A short infectious workup for eosinophilia was negative for Herpes Simplex, Strongyloides, and Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, and he was discharged. On repeat admission he admitted to occasional use of allopurinol since his discharge home. Blood pressure was 90/50, temperature was 100.5 Degrees Fahrenheit, and heart rate was 100. Physical exam showed facial plethora, dry mucus membranes, and a diffuse morbiliform rash covering 70 percent of his body. Labs were notable for white blood cell count of 20,000 per microliter, with 6,200 eosinophils per microliter, and 31% eosinophils. Peripheral blood smear confirmed eosinophilia. A skin biopsy showed combined spongiotic and perivascular dermatitis, with eosinophils and neutrophils, all of which was consistent with Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction (SCAR). His symptoms quickly improved with oral prednisone. HLA B58:01 allele was positive, which is associated with allopurinol hypersensitivity. The patient was warned to avoid use of allopurinol in the future. HLA B58:01 allele testing in the Han Chinese population is routine in East Asian countries prior to treatment with allopurinol. Despite recommendations by the College of Rheumatology, testing is often overlooked.
一名61岁汉族男性在家中出现4-5周发育不良、打嗝、不适和高达101.5℃的发烧。患者因类似症状于一周前入院。他的初级保健医生最近(3个月内)开始用加巴喷丁和氯丙嗪治疗打嗝，用别嘌呤醇治疗痛风。怀疑有药热，要求停用加巴喷丁、别嘌呤醇和氯丙嗪。短暂的嗜酸性粒细胞感染检查结果为单纯疱疹、类圆形杆菌和肺炎支原体阴性，患者出院。在复诊中，他承认出院后偶尔使用别嘌呤醇。血压90/50，体温100.5华氏度，心率100。体格检查显示面部过多，粘膜干燥，弥漫性病态皮疹覆盖全身70%。实验室的白细胞计数为每微升2万个，嗜酸性粒细胞为每微升6200个，嗜酸性粒细胞为31%。外周血涂片证实嗜酸性粒细胞增多。皮肤活检显示海绵状和血管周围皮炎合并，伴有嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞，所有这些都符合严重皮肤不良反应(SCAR)。口服强的松后症状迅速好转。HLA B58:01等位基因阳性，与别嘌呤醇超敏反应相关。病人被警告以后不要再使用别嘌呤醇。在东亚国家，汉族人群在接受别嘌呤醇治疗前进行HLA B58:01等位基因检测是常规的。尽管风湿病学会(College of Rheumatology)提出了建议，但检测常常被忽视。
{"title":"Severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction as a consequence of Allopurinol: The importance of HLA B58:01 testing","authors":"Keshav Poddar, L. Cler","doi":"10.15761/hpc.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/hpc.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"A 61-year-old Han Chinese male presented with 4-5 weeks of failure to thrive, hiccups, malaise, and fevers up to 101.5 at home. The patient had been admitted one week prior due to similar symptoms. His primary care physician recently (within 3 months) started gabapentin and chlorpromazine for hiccups, and allopurinol for gout. Drug fever was suspected, and the patient was asked to discontinue gabapentin, allopurinol and chlorpromazine. A short infectious workup for eosinophilia was negative for Herpes Simplex, Strongyloides, and Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, and he was discharged. On repeat admission he admitted to occasional use of allopurinol since his discharge home. Blood pressure was 90/50, temperature was 100.5 Degrees Fahrenheit, and heart rate was 100. Physical exam showed facial plethora, dry mucus membranes, and a diffuse morbiliform rash covering 70 percent of his body. Labs were notable for white blood cell count of 20,000 per microliter, with 6,200 eosinophils per microliter, and 31% eosinophils. Peripheral blood smear confirmed eosinophilia. A skin biopsy showed combined spongiotic and perivascular dermatitis, with eosinophils and neutrophils, all of which was consistent with Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction (SCAR). His symptoms quickly improved with oral prednisone. HLA B58:01 allele was positive, which is associated with allopurinol hypersensitivity. The patient was warned to avoid use of allopurinol in the future. HLA B58:01 allele testing in the Han Chinese population is routine in East Asian countries prior to treatment with allopurinol. Despite recommendations by the College of Rheumatology, testing is often overlooked.","PeriodicalId":48703,"journal":{"name":"Primary Health Care Research and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90761414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study of the paper-based microfluidic devices was carried out for melamine detection. Paper-based microfluidic detection was chosen for the experiments, as it could be the most cost effective, compared to other detection techniques, which would require expensive instruments. Experimental results revealed a very good depletion of bovine serum albumin from the target analyte (melamine). UV-vis absorbance value curves of the mixture solution and extraction solution showed the extraction of the small molecule (melamine) by the developed paper microfluidic device. It is concluded that the H-filter can be used for determination of adulterated melamine in dairy products.
{"title":"Melamine detection using a paper microfluidic device","authors":"Wu Rg, Zhong Zw, Ankit, Chee Jy, C. Wang, Funk Kf","doi":"10.15761/HPC.1000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/HPC.1000199","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the paper-based microfluidic devices was carried out for melamine detection. Paper-based microfluidic detection was chosen for the experiments, as it could be the most cost effective, compared to other detection techniques, which would require expensive instruments. Experimental results revealed a very good depletion of bovine serum albumin from the target analyte (melamine). UV-vis absorbance value curves of the mixture solution and extraction solution showed the extraction of the small molecule (melamine) by the developed paper microfluidic device. It is concluded that the H-filter can be used for determination of adulterated melamine in dairy products.","PeriodicalId":48703,"journal":{"name":"Primary Health Care Research and Development","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85269253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective : Hospitalization from avoidable causes refers to hospitalizations for an Ambulatory Care Sensitive (ACS) condition and is considered to be a measure of access to appropriate primary health care. While not all admissions for these conditions are avoidable, timely ambulatory care could temper the disease course and thus prevent progression to where hospitalization is medically indicated. A disproportionately high rate of ACS conditions may reflect problems in access to timely primary care. In this study we determine the proportion of all medical admissions in children that were from ACS Conditions (ASSC's) and therefore avoidable. We also study the trend in the proportion of avoidable hospitalizations. Method: This study is a population based prospective clinical audit of children (Age <16 years) admitted to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH). The study period extends from the year 2013 through 2017. The pediatric-specific ACS conditions employed in this analysis were based on prior studies. All the children between the ages of 3 month and 15 years where one of the discharge diagnosis was an ACS condition were included in this study. Result: During the five years study period there were a total of 19349 children (<16 years) hospitalized for medical conditions to the QEH. Over the same period, there were a total of 4235 hospitalizations from ACSC’s which accounted for 21.89% of all medical hospitalizations in children. Among the ACSC’s as the cause of hospitalization, acute asthma (6.88%) and acute asthma complicated by respiratory tract infections (2.24%) was the commonest cause for avoidable hospitalizations in children. This was followed by admissions from acute gastroenteritis and dehydration (2.89%). Children less than 4 years in age accounted for 51% of all avoidable medical hospitalizations in children. Conclusion : Over a fifth of all the medical hospitalizations in children are from the ACSC’s and are therefore avoidable.
{"title":"Avoidable hospitalization of children from ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Barbados: a measure of the access and uptake of primary health care","authors":"Alok Kumar, G. Benskin, Richa Sharma","doi":"10.15761/HPC.1000197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/HPC.1000197","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective : Hospitalization from avoidable causes refers to hospitalizations for an Ambulatory Care Sensitive (ACS) condition and is considered to be a measure of access to appropriate primary health care. While not all admissions for these conditions are avoidable, timely ambulatory care could temper the disease course and thus prevent progression to where hospitalization is medically indicated. A disproportionately high rate of ACS conditions may reflect problems in access to timely primary care. In this study we determine the proportion of all medical admissions in children that were from ACS Conditions (ASSC's) and therefore avoidable. We also study the trend in the proportion of avoidable hospitalizations. Method: This study is a population based prospective clinical audit of children (Age <16 years) admitted to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH). The study period extends from the year 2013 through 2017. The pediatric-specific ACS conditions employed in this analysis were based on prior studies. All the children between the ages of 3 month and 15 years where one of the discharge diagnosis was an ACS condition were included in this study. Result: During the five years study period there were a total of 19349 children (<16 years) hospitalized for medical conditions to the QEH. Over the same period, there were a total of 4235 hospitalizations from ACSC’s which accounted for 21.89% of all medical hospitalizations in children. Among the ACSC’s as the cause of hospitalization, acute asthma (6.88%) and acute asthma complicated by respiratory tract infections (2.24%) was the commonest cause for avoidable hospitalizations in children. This was followed by admissions from acute gastroenteritis and dehydration (2.89%). Children less than 4 years in age accounted for 51% of all avoidable medical hospitalizations in children. Conclusion : Over a fifth of all the medical hospitalizations in children are from the ACSC’s and are therefore avoidable.","PeriodicalId":48703,"journal":{"name":"Primary Health Care Research and Development","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89208430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- The literature suggests nursing courses in to adopt curricula to support the specific competences requested to care migrants. - One of the recommended topic is the consciousness’ promotion of the prejudice, because it becomes the key component of several problems: coexistence, acceptance, communication, and discrimination. - The described teaching module “Talking About Prejudice”, planned for the nursing courses, has the objective to develop the consciousness of the tendency to generalize people, to, finally, arrive at the prejudice management.
{"title":"Talking about prejudice. A project for the nursing courses","authors":"Gradellini Cinzia","doi":"10.15761/HPC.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/HPC.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"- The literature suggests nursing courses in to adopt curricula to support the specific competences requested to care migrants. - One of the recommended topic is the consciousness’ promotion of the prejudice, because it becomes the key component of several problems: coexistence, acceptance, communication, and discrimination. - The described teaching module “Talking About Prejudice”, planned for the nursing courses, has the objective to develop the consciousness of the tendency to generalize people, to, finally, arrive at the prejudice management.","PeriodicalId":48703,"journal":{"name":"Primary Health Care Research and Development","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73576140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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