Tim De Backer, James (Jed) E. Day, Poul Emsbo, Patrick I. McLaughlin, Thijs R.A. Vandenbroucke
Fossil (zoo)plankton dynamics during Devonian ocean‐anoxic and extinction events can shed light on the palaeoceanographic and geochemical processes that shaped the middle Palaeozoic biosphere. However, datasets on (Upper) Devonian marine palynology, illustrating such dynamics, remain underexplored. The type section of the Sweetland Creek Shale in Iowa (USA) offers a detailed conodont zonation for the upper Frasnian and across the Frasnian–Famennian boundary, records the Upper and Lower Kellwasser events and has pristine preservation of organic material, making this an ideal section to study the effects of this catastrophic event on chitinozoan zooplankton populations. A total of 3998 specimens were recovered, imaged and classified into 12 distinct species, 10 of which were previously unknown. This study demonstrates the unrealized potential of chitinozoans as a regional biostratigraphic tool in the Upper Devonian. The Lower Kellwasser Event is characterized by a drop in chitinozoan abundance and the run up to the Upper Kellwasser Event marks a period of rapid species turnover rates. Interestingly, every assemblage in this interval is nearly monospecific. Patterns of changing spine morphologies in Fungochitina pilosa, Ramochitina sp. A and Saharochitina sp. A are herein explored as potential ecophenotypic expressions. We identify Angochitina monstrosa as a new disaster species. The discovery of two teratological chitinozoans specimens, in combination with the presence of the disaster species Angochitina monstrosa and deformation in contemporaneous conodonts, supports our previous discovery that marine teratology is a feature of many Palaeozoic extinction events, possibly triggered by the injection of hydrothermal brines into the ocean.
{"title":"Chitinozoan response to the ‘Kellwasser events’: population dynamics and morphological deformities across the Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction","authors":"Tim De Backer, James (Jed) E. Day, Poul Emsbo, Patrick I. McLaughlin, Thijs R.A. Vandenbroucke","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1557","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil (zoo)plankton dynamics during Devonian ocean‐anoxic and extinction events can shed light on the palaeoceanographic and geochemical processes that shaped the middle Palaeozoic biosphere. However, datasets on (Upper) Devonian marine palynology, illustrating such dynamics, remain underexplored. The type section of the Sweetland Creek Shale in Iowa (USA) offers a detailed conodont zonation for the upper Frasnian and across the Frasnian–Famennian boundary, records the Upper and Lower Kellwasser events and has pristine preservation of organic material, making this an ideal section to study the effects of this catastrophic event on chitinozoan zooplankton populations. A total of 3998 specimens were recovered, imaged and classified into 12 distinct species, 10 of which were previously unknown. This study demonstrates the unrealized potential of chitinozoans as a regional biostratigraphic tool in the Upper Devonian. The Lower Kellwasser Event is characterized by a drop in chitinozoan abundance and the run up to the Upper Kellwasser Event marks a period of rapid species turnover rates. Interestingly, every assemblage in this interval is nearly monospecific. Patterns of changing spine morphologies in <jats:italic>Fungochitina pilosa</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ramochitina</jats:italic> sp. A and <jats:italic>Saharochitina</jats:italic> sp. A are herein explored as potential ecophenotypic expressions. We identify <jats:italic>Angochitina monstrosa</jats:italic> as a new disaster species. The discovery of two teratological chitinozoans specimens, in combination with the presence of the disaster species <jats:italic>Angochitina monstrosa</jats:italic> and deformation in contemporaneous conodonts, supports our previous discovery that marine teratology is a feature of many Palaeozoic extinction events, possibly triggered by the injection of hydrothermal brines into the ocean.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fan Liu, Timothy P. Topper, Luke C. Strotz, Yue Liang, Yazhou Hu, Christian B. Skovsted, Zhifei Zhang
Hyolitha represent one of the major constituents of the Cambrian Evolutionary Fauna, first appearing in the Terreneuvian and rapidly diversifying soon after. Recent work has both enriched the hyolith fossil record and expanded our understanding of their biology, but studies documenting the evolutionary trajectory of Cambrian hyoliths remain scarce. Here we present the first study of changes in morphological disparity in Cambrian hyoliths over time with the aim of characterizing the evolutionary trajectory of hyoliths throughout their primary period of diversification. Our results show that hyoliths occupied distinct regions of morphospace at different times during the Cambrian, with an expansion in morphospace occupation associated with the increase in hyolith diversity in the early Cambrian. Both the Sinsk Event and multiple abiotic factors led to a decline in hyolith diversity in the Miaolingian, and morphological disparity also contracts in association with this reduction in diversity.
{"title":"Morphological disparity and evolutionary patterns of Cambrian hyoliths","authors":"Fan Liu, Timothy P. Topper, Luke C. Strotz, Yue Liang, Yazhou Hu, Christian B. Skovsted, Zhifei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1554","url":null,"abstract":"Hyolitha represent one of the major constituents of the Cambrian Evolutionary Fauna, first appearing in the Terreneuvian and rapidly diversifying soon after. Recent work has both enriched the hyolith fossil record and expanded our understanding of their biology, but studies documenting the evolutionary trajectory of Cambrian hyoliths remain scarce. Here we present the first study of changes in morphological disparity in Cambrian hyoliths over time with the aim of characterizing the evolutionary trajectory of hyoliths throughout their primary period of diversification. Our results show that hyoliths occupied distinct regions of morphospace at different times during the Cambrian, with an expansion in morphospace occupation associated with the increase in hyolith diversity in the early Cambrian. Both the Sinsk Event and multiple abiotic factors led to a decline in hyolith diversity in the Miaolingian, and morphological disparity also contracts in association with this reduction in diversity.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azucena Molina‐Solís, Christopher J. Cleal, Claude Monnet, Borja Cascales‐Miñana
The Nord‐Pas‐de‐Calais Coalfield is formed by an almost continuous succession of upper Carboniferous deposits, from which an extremely diverse macroflora has historically been described. Recent evidence has highlighted a clear pattern of changing species diversity, showing some differences from what is seen in other coalfields of Variscan Euramerica. We further study this significant macroflora, focusing on the biostratigraphical changes and their palaeoecological implications. Clustering and ordination analyses have indicated key floral discontinuities that enable the standard regional macrofloral biozones to be recognized in the Nord‐Pas‐de‐Calais Coalfield. By combining these results with the previous diversity studies, six distinct phases in the evolution of the coal swamp vegetation in north‐eastern France can be identified: (1) an initial invasion of peat substrate vegetation in the earliest Langsettian; (2) a rapid diversification of the clastic substrate vegetation in the early–middle Langsettian; (3) a more gradual diversification of the vegetation of both clastic and peat substrates during the late Langsettian to middle Duckmantian glacial phase C3; (4) the appearance of more characteristically late Westphalian, but less diverse floras during the late Duckmantian to early Bolsovian C3–C4 interglacial phase; (5) a marked increase in species diversity in the middle–late Bolsovian, coinciding with the onset of the C4 glacial phase; and (6) a marked reduction in species diversity, and the appearance of new medullosaleans and marattialeans in the Asturian, possibly linked to climate change. The evidence clearly shows how this palaeotropical swamp vegetation was responding to climate change and orogenic landscape changes during Westphalian times.
{"title":"Macrofloral biostratigraphy reflects late Carboniferous vegetation dynamics in the Nord‐Pas‐de‐Calais Coalfield, France","authors":"Azucena Molina‐Solís, Christopher J. Cleal, Claude Monnet, Borja Cascales‐Miñana","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1551","url":null,"abstract":"The Nord‐Pas‐de‐Calais Coalfield is formed by an almost continuous succession of upper Carboniferous deposits, from which an extremely diverse macroflora has historically been described. Recent evidence has highlighted a clear pattern of changing species diversity, showing some differences from what is seen in other coalfields of Variscan Euramerica. We further study this significant macroflora, focusing on the biostratigraphical changes and their palaeoecological implications. Clustering and ordination analyses have indicated key floral discontinuities that enable the standard regional macrofloral biozones to be recognized in the Nord‐Pas‐de‐Calais Coalfield. By combining these results with the previous diversity studies, six distinct phases in the evolution of the coal swamp vegetation in north‐eastern France can be identified: (1) an initial invasion of peat substrate vegetation in the earliest Langsettian; (2) a rapid diversification of the clastic substrate vegetation in the early–middle Langsettian; (3) a more gradual diversification of the vegetation of both clastic and peat substrates during the late Langsettian to middle Duckmantian glacial phase C3; (4) the appearance of more characteristically late Westphalian, but less diverse floras during the late Duckmantian to early Bolsovian C3–C4 interglacial phase; (5) a marked increase in species diversity in the middle–late Bolsovian, coinciding with the onset of the C4 glacial phase; and (6) a marked reduction in species diversity, and the appearance of new medullosaleans and marattialeans in the Asturian, possibly linked to climate change. The evidence clearly shows how this palaeotropical swamp vegetation was responding to climate change and orogenic landscape changes during Westphalian times.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lionel Cavin, Thodoris Argyriou, Carlo Romano, Eugen Grădinaru
Fossil evidence suggests that ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) diversified greatly after the largest mass extinction event at the Permian–Triassic boundary. This radiation resulted in a diversity peak in the Middle Triassic, which is manifested in diverse feeding specializations, especially among small-bodied Neopterygii. We present new material from an early Spathian (Early Triassic) outcrop in northern Dobrogea, southeast Romania. The material includes isolated jaw and palatal bones that evidently belong to a single individual, a durophagous actinopterygian, and isolated scales referred to the same taxon. A systematic evaluation of this material indicates affinities with †Polzbergiidae, and provides a first glimpse of internal aspects of the feeding apparatus of that group. A pair of ectopterygoids with crushing dentition show a well-developed lateral process, a feature that was previously proposed to be a synapomorphy uniting Cladistia (bichirs) with the Triassic †Scanilepiformes. The recognition of this structure in various Triassic ray-fins (summarized herein) indicates that it was probably widespread among stem neopterygians. The new material belongs to a large individual with a heterodont dentition, therefore representing the earliest large, specialized, durophagous neopterygian. It increases the group's morphological diversity in the Spathian, and hints at an earlier trophic diversification after the mass extinction. Based on new data, we analyse changes in body size of bony fishes through the Early and Middle Triassic. Current evidence suggests that body size distribution remained skewed towards larger sizes in the late Early Triassic, and that the diversification of small-bodied stem neopterygians had not yet been in full swing.
{"title":"Large durophagous fish from the Spathian (late Early Triassic) of Romania hints at earlier onset of the Triassic actinopterygian revolution","authors":"Lionel Cavin, Thodoris Argyriou, Carlo Romano, Eugen Grădinaru","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1553","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil evidence suggests that ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) diversified greatly after the largest mass extinction event at the Permian–Triassic boundary. This radiation resulted in a diversity peak in the Middle Triassic, which is manifested in diverse feeding specializations, especially among small-bodied Neopterygii. We present new material from an early Spathian (Early Triassic) outcrop in northern Dobrogea, southeast Romania. The material includes isolated jaw and palatal bones that evidently belong to a single individual, a durophagous actinopterygian, and isolated scales referred to the same taxon. A systematic evaluation of this material indicates affinities with †Polzbergiidae, and provides a first glimpse of internal aspects of the feeding apparatus of that group. A pair of ectopterygoids with crushing dentition show a well-developed lateral process, a feature that was previously proposed to be a synapomorphy uniting Cladistia (bichirs) with the Triassic †Scanilepiformes. The recognition of this structure in various Triassic ray-fins (summarized herein) indicates that it was probably widespread among stem neopterygians. The new material belongs to a large individual with a heterodont dentition, therefore representing the earliest large, specialized, durophagous neopterygian. It increases the group's morphological diversity in the Spathian, and hints at an earlier trophic diversification after the mass extinction. Based on new data, we analyse changes in body size of bony fishes through the Early and Middle Triassic. Current evidence suggests that body size distribution remained skewed towards larger sizes in the late Early Triassic, and that the diversification of small-bodied stem neopterygians had not yet been in full swing.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140182000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Türtscher, Patrick L. Jambura, Eduardo Villalobos-Segura, Faviel A. López-Romero, Charlie J. Underwood, Detlev Thies, Bruce Lauer, René Lauer, Jürgen Kriwet
The fossil record of chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks, rays and skates) consists largely of isolated teeth, with holomorphic specimens being extraordinary exceptions. However, numerous of these more or less completely preserved specimens are known from several Upper Jurassic deposits of Europe, enabling detailed analysis of their morphology. Batomorphs (rays and skates) resembling modern guitarfishes and wedgefishes (Rhinopristiformes) are among the most common Jurassic chondrichthyans found, but they have been only sporadically studied up to now, resulting in large knowledge gaps concerning their taxonomy and phylogeny. Here, we present the most detailed revision of Late Jurassic holomorphic batomorphs to date, quantitatively analysing body proportions of specimens from Germany (Solnhofen Archipelago), France (Cerin) and the UK (Kimmeridge), using both geometric and traditional morphometrics. Furthermore, we identify qualitative morphological characters for species discrimination, to clarify the taxonomic identity and diversity of Late Jurassic batomorphs based on holomorphic specimens. Our results support the validity of Belemnobatis sismondae, Kimmerobatis etchesi and Spathobatis bugesiacus, as well as that of the previously doubtful Asterodermus platypterus. Moreover, we describe Aellopobatis bavarica, a new taxon, which has hitherto been considered to be a large-sized morphotype of Spathobatis bugesiacus. Our results highlight that the diversity of holomorphic batomorphs during the Late Jurassic was greater than previously thought, and suggest that this group was already well-established and diverse by this time. This study thus provides vital information about the evolutionary history of Late Jurassic batomorphs and has direct implications for batomorph species that are based on isolated teeth only.
{"title":"Rostral and body shape analyses reveal cryptic diversity of Late Jurassic batomorphs (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from Europe","authors":"Julia Türtscher, Patrick L. Jambura, Eduardo Villalobos-Segura, Faviel A. López-Romero, Charlie J. Underwood, Detlev Thies, Bruce Lauer, René Lauer, Jürgen Kriwet","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1552","url":null,"abstract":"The fossil record of chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks, rays and skates) consists largely of isolated teeth, with holomorphic specimens being extraordinary exceptions. However, numerous of these more or less completely preserved specimens are known from several Upper Jurassic deposits of Europe, enabling detailed analysis of their morphology. Batomorphs (rays and skates) resembling modern guitarfishes and wedgefishes (Rhinopristiformes) are among the most common Jurassic chondrichthyans found, but they have been only sporadically studied up to now, resulting in large knowledge gaps concerning their taxonomy and phylogeny. Here, we present the most detailed revision of Late Jurassic holomorphic batomorphs to date, quantitatively analysing body proportions of specimens from Germany (Solnhofen Archipelago), France (Cerin) and the UK (Kimmeridge), using both geometric and traditional morphometrics. Furthermore, we identify qualitative morphological characters for species discrimination, to clarify the taxonomic identity and diversity of Late Jurassic batomorphs based on holomorphic specimens. Our results support the validity of <i>Belemnobatis sismondae</i>, <i>Kimmerobatis etchesi</i> and <i>Spathobatis bugesiacus</i>, as well as that of the previously doubtful <i>Asterodermus platypterus</i>. Moreover, we describe <i>Aellopobatis bavarica</i>, a new taxon, which has hitherto been considered to be a large-sized morphotype of <i>Spathobatis bugesiacus</i>. Our results highlight that the diversity of holomorphic batomorphs during the Late Jurassic was greater than previously thought, and suggest that this group was already well-established and diverse by this time. This study thus provides vital information about the evolutionary history of Late Jurassic batomorphs and has direct implications for batomorph species that are based on isolated teeth only.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140182136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khaled Trabelsi, Benjamin Sames, Carles Martín‐Closas
A rich and diverse charophyte flora is described from the Bathonian marginal marine beds of southern France. It includes nine species that belong to the families Porocharaceae, Characeae and Clavatoraceae: Porochara gr. fusca, P. gr. kimmeridgensis subgr. kimmeridgensis, P. gr. kimmeridgensis subgr. westerbeckensis, P. gr. kimmeridgensis subgr. douzensis, P. gr. kimmeridgensis subgr. obovata, Auerbachichara saidakovskyi, A. tataouinensis, Aclistochara mädleri and Echinochara cf. peckii. This is the most diverse Middle Jurassic flora reported from France and Laurasia to date, elucidating a turnover in the evolution of charophytes during this time interval. The occurrence of the clavatoracean Echinochara cf. peckii in these Bathonian deposits represents the oldest record of the genus and of the whole family, c. 10 myr older than previous records. This species is considered to be the most basal species in the phylogeny of Clavatoraceae and during its evolutionary history reached a wide biogeographical range in Laurasia. The new Bathonian charophyte assemblage from southern France provides supplementary evidence that the Middle Jurassic was a reactivation pulse in the Mesozoic evolution of charophytes, rather than a stasis as previously thought. Moreover, it provides further support to the hypothesis that during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous the islands of the Cretaceous Tethyan Archipelago represented one of the most active spots of charophyte diversity.
{"title":"First occurrence of family Clavatoraceae (fossil Charophyta) in the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of France","authors":"Khaled Trabelsi, Benjamin Sames, Carles Martín‐Closas","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1548","url":null,"abstract":"A rich and diverse charophyte flora is described from the Bathonian marginal marine beds of southern France. It includes nine species that belong to the families Porocharaceae, Characeae and Clavatoraceae: <jats:italic>Porochara</jats:italic> gr. <jats:italic>fusca</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. gr. <jats:italic>kimmeridgensis</jats:italic> subgr. <jats:italic>kimmeridgensis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. gr. <jats:italic>kimmeridgensis</jats:italic> subgr. <jats:italic>westerbeckensis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. gr. <jats:italic>kimmeridgensis</jats:italic> subgr. <jats:italic>douzensis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. gr. <jats:italic>kimmeridgensis</jats:italic> subgr. <jats:italic>obovata</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Auerbachichara saidakovskyi</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tataouinensis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aclistochara mädleri</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Echinochara</jats:italic> cf. <jats:italic>peckii</jats:italic>. This is the most diverse Middle Jurassic flora reported from France and Laurasia to date, elucidating a turnover in the evolution of charophytes during this time interval. The occurrence of the clavatoracean <jats:italic>Echinochara</jats:italic> cf. <jats:italic>peckii</jats:italic> in these Bathonian deposits represents the oldest record of the genus and of the whole family, <jats:italic>c</jats:italic>. 10 myr older than previous records. This species is considered to be the most basal species in the phylogeny of Clavatoraceae and during its evolutionary history reached a wide biogeographical range in Laurasia. The new Bathonian charophyte assemblage from southern France provides supplementary evidence that the Middle Jurassic was a reactivation pulse in the Mesozoic evolution of charophytes, rather than a stasis as previously thought. Moreover, it provides further support to the hypothesis that during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous the islands of the Cretaceous Tethyan Archipelago represented one of the most active spots of charophyte diversity.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140149359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonidas‐Romanos Davranoglou, Ricardo Pérez‐de la Fuente, Petr Baňař, Enrique Peñalver
Enicocephalomorpha, also known as unique‐headed bugs, are a seldom‐collected infraorder of heteropteran insects whose evolutionary relationships have puzzled entomologists for more than a century. Unique‐headed bugs are exceptionally rare in the fossil record, which hinders our understanding of the morphological transformations of the lineage across time and also affects the calibration of molecular clock estimates used to date the origins of the infraorder. Here, we report the discovery of Enicocephalinus ibericus sp. nov. from Iberian amber in the Ariño deposit in Spain, early Albian (Early Cretaceous) in age. The new species represents the second oldest fossil enicocephalomorphan to date, and the second record of this infraorder from European deposits. Remarkably, the closest relative of E. ibericus is the congeneric E. acragrimaldii Azar from Lebanese amber that is c. 20 myr older (Barremian), indicating a long‐term persistence of the Enicocephalinus lineage across geological time. A review of the existing literature enabled us to record a total of 20 congeneric insect species that have been found in both Lebanese and Iberian ambers, suggesting the existence of previously underappreciated entomofaunal connections between southern Laurasia (the European archipelago) and northern Gondwana during the Cretaceous. We show that the palaeoentomological record holds remarkable potential for elucidating the faunistic exchanges and palaeobiogeographical patterns in the peri‐Tethyan region during the Cretaceous.
独头蝇属昆虫又称独头虫，是一种很少收集到的异翅目昆虫，一个多世纪以来，其进化关系一直困惑着昆虫学家。独头虫在化石记录中极为罕见，这阻碍了我们对该虫系在不同时期形态变化的了解，也影响了用于确定该虫系起源的分子钟估计值的校准。在此，我们报告了在西班牙阿里尼奥矿床的伊比利亚琥珀中发现的新种伊比利亚琥珀蜥（Enicocephalinus ibericus sp.该新物种是迄今为止第二古老的脑形目化石，也是欧洲矿床中该亚目化石的第二个记录。值得注意的是，E. ibericus 的近亲是黎巴嫩琥珀中的同属物种 E. acragrimaldii Azar，其年代比 E. ibericus 早约 20 百万年（巴里米亚纪），这表明 Enicocephalinus 一族在不同地质年代长期存在。通过对现有文献的回顾，我们记录了在黎巴嫩和伊比利亚琥珀中发现的共20个同属昆虫物种，这表明在白垩纪期间，劳拉西亚南部（欧洲群岛）和冈瓦纳北部之间存在着以前未被重视的内动物联系。我们的研究表明，古动物学记录在阐明白垩纪时期近泰西地区的动物交流和古生物地理格局方面具有非凡的潜力。
{"title":"The first unique‐headed bug (Hemiptera, Enicocephalomorpha) from Cretaceous Iberian amber, and the Gondwanan connections of its palaeoentomological fauna","authors":"Leonidas‐Romanos Davranoglou, Ricardo Pérez‐de la Fuente, Petr Baňař, Enrique Peñalver","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1550","url":null,"abstract":"Enicocephalomorpha, also known as unique‐headed bugs, are a seldom‐collected infraorder of heteropteran insects whose evolutionary relationships have puzzled entomologists for more than a century. Unique‐headed bugs are exceptionally rare in the fossil record, which hinders our understanding of the morphological transformations of the lineage across time and also affects the calibration of molecular clock estimates used to date the origins of the infraorder. Here, we report the discovery of <jats:italic>Enicocephalinus ibericus</jats:italic> sp. nov. from Iberian amber in the Ariño deposit in Spain, early Albian (Early Cretaceous) in age. The new species represents the second oldest fossil enicocephalomorphan to date, and the second record of this infraorder from European deposits. Remarkably, the closest relative of <jats:italic>E. ibericus</jats:italic> is the congeneric <jats:italic>E. acragrimaldii</jats:italic> Azar from Lebanese amber that is <jats:italic>c</jats:italic>. 20 myr older (Barremian), indicating a long‐term persistence of the <jats:italic>Enicocephalinus</jats:italic> lineage across geological time. A review of the existing literature enabled us to record a total of 20 congeneric insect species that have been found in both Lebanese and Iberian ambers, suggesting the existence of previously underappreciated entomofaunal connections between southern Laurasia (the European archipelago) and northern Gondwana during the Cretaceous. We show that the palaeoentomological record holds remarkable potential for elucidating the faunistic exchanges and palaeobiogeographical patterns in the peri‐Tethyan region during the Cretaceous.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daiane Ceolin, Marcos Antonio B. Santos Filho, Andrea Concheyro, Gerson Fauth
This work presents a taxonomic, palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical study of the ostracod fauna around the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary from the El Matuasto section, Neuquén Basin, Argentina. The analysis of 64 samples resulted in the recovery of 82 marine ostracod species, of which four are new: Hemiparacytheridea condilomata, Paramunseyella stictus, Hysterocythereis acuminata and Aleisocythereis? picnus. In addition, the genera Sapucariella, Monoceratina, Aracajuia, Microceratina and Pelecocythere are reported for the first time from the Neuquén Basin. Palaeoecological inferences indicate fluctuations in abundance and diversity, occurring alongside environmental change from an inner to medium shelf during the Maastrichtian and to an outer shelf in the Danian. The Maastrichtian fauna was less abundant than that in the Danian, which shows a rapid recovery after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary. During the Danian, a small interval also shows a sudden decrease in abundance and diversity that could potentially be related to the Dan-C2 event. In addition, the described genera and species in this study suggest a strong palaeobiogeographical affinity with the Paraíba Basin, northeastern Brazil.
{"title":"Ostracods from the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary at El Matuasto Section, Neuquén Basin, Argentina: taxonomy, palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical inferences","authors":"Daiane Ceolin, Marcos Antonio B. Santos Filho, Andrea Concheyro, Gerson Fauth","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1549","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a taxonomic, palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical study of the ostracod fauna around the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary from the El Matuasto section, Neuquén Basin, Argentina. The analysis of 64 samples resulted in the recovery of 82 marine ostracod species, of which four are new: <i>Hemiparacytheridea condilomata</i>, <i>Paramunseyella stictus</i>, <i>Hysterocythereis acuminata</i> and <i>Aleisocythereis</i>? <i>picnus</i>. In addition, the genera <i>Sapucariella</i>, <i>Monoceratina</i>, <i>Aracajuia</i>, <i>Microceratina</i> and <i>Pelecocythere</i> are reported for the first time from the Neuquén Basin. Palaeoecological inferences indicate fluctuations in abundance and diversity, occurring alongside environmental change from an inner to medium shelf during the Maastrichtian and to an outer shelf in the Danian. The Maastrichtian fauna was less abundant than that in the Danian, which shows a rapid recovery after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary. During the Danian, a small interval also shows a sudden decrease in abundance and diversity that could potentially be related to the Dan-C2 event. In addition, the described genera and species in this study suggest a strong palaeobiogeographical affinity with the Paraíba Basin, northeastern Brazil.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A very rich gastropod fauna from the upper Anisian (Nevadites secedensis Zone) platform carbonates of the Dolomites, represented by more than 200 species, was collected over recent decades. Its study contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of the recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction. This paper deals with the Pleurotomariida. A total of 35 species, 22 genera and 9 families have been identified. Of these, 12 species and 7 genera are new, namely Rufilla wilckensi sp. nov., Rufilla giacomellii sp. nov., Viezzenella ruvida gen. et sp. nov., Temnotropis maestroettorei sp. nov., Cancellotomaria boninsegnai sp. nov., Stuorella crenulata sp. nov., Codinella? fontanai sp. nov., Fiacconella pericincta gen. et sp. nov., Fiemmespira gen. nov., Texturaspira gen. nov., Nodocingulum ogilvieae sp. nov., Dimorphotomaria fassaensis gen. et sp. nov., Moenaspira crassa gen. et sp. nov. and Predazzella elongata gen. et sp. nov. Comparison with the gastropod fauna of the St Cassian Formation indicates that, from the late Anisian to the Carnian, in the Dolomites the richness of the Pleurotomariida increased by 54% at species level, 26% at genus level and 22% at family level. A comprehensive palaeobiogeographical analysis highlights a very high degree of endemism: 90% of the species are exclusive to single palaeogeographical units. This suggests that species diversification at a strict local scale was a major feature of the Middle Triassic phase of recovery of the Pleurotomariida. Seemingly, the non-planktotrophic development of this group combined with a patchy resurgence of the carbonate platforms played an important role in hampering dispersal.
{"title":"Pleurotomariida (Gastropoda) from the upper Anisian platform carbonates of the Dolomites (Southern Alps, Italy): systematics, palaeobiogeography and Triassic recovery","authors":"Stefano Monari, Elio Dellantonio","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1545","url":null,"abstract":"A very rich gastropod fauna from the upper Anisian (<i>Nevadites secedensis</i> Zone) platform carbonates of the Dolomites, represented by more than 200 species, was collected over recent decades. Its study contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of the recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction. This paper deals with the Pleurotomariida. A total of 35 species, 22 genera and 9 families have been identified. Of these, 12 species and 7 genera are new, namely <i>Rufilla wilckensi</i> sp. nov., <i>Rufilla giacomellii</i> sp. nov., <i>Viezzenella ruvida</i> gen. et sp. nov., <i>Temnotropis maestroettorei</i> sp. nov., <i>Cancellotomaria boninsegnai</i> sp. nov., <i>Stuorella crenulata</i> sp. nov., <i>Codinella</i>? <i>fontanai</i> sp. nov., <i>Fiacconella pericincta</i> gen. et sp. nov., <i>Fiemmespira</i> gen. nov., <i>Texturaspira</i> gen. nov., <i>Nodocingulum ogilvieae</i> sp. nov., <i>Dimorphotomaria fassaensis</i> gen. et sp. nov., <i>Moenaspira crassa</i> gen. et sp. nov. and <i>Predazzella elongata</i> gen. et sp. nov. Comparison with the gastropod fauna of the St Cassian Formation indicates that, from the late Anisian to the Carnian, in the Dolomites the richness of the Pleurotomariida increased by 54% at species level, 26% at genus level and 22% at family level. A comprehensive palaeobiogeographical analysis highlights a very high degree of endemism: 90% of the species are exclusive to single palaeogeographical units. This suggests that species diversification at a strict local scale was a major feature of the Middle Triassic phase of recovery of the Pleurotomariida. Seemingly, the non-planktotrophic development of this group combined with a patchy resurgence of the carbonate platforms played an important role in hampering dispersal.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140026380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iris Feichtinger, Jürgen Pollerspöck, Mathias Harzhauser, Gerald Auer, Stjepan Ćorić, Matthias Kranner, Bernhard Beaury, Guillaume Guinot
This study reports elasmobranch remains from two fossil-rich horizons in the earliest Danian Olching Formation at Waidach, Austria. These outer neritic assemblages complement previous fine-scale bulk-sampling of latest Maastrichtian horizons at Waidach and document a regional elasmobranch faunal turnover across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) boundary. The Danian assemblages show homogeneity in species richness and are dominated by squaliforms. The fauna comprises 16 species belonging to 12 genera including several new taxa (Centrodeania rugosa gen. et sp. nov., Centrodeania annae gen. et sp. nov., Incognitorapax fernsebneri gen. et sp. nov., Scyliorhinus alaformis sp. nov.). Comparison with latest Maastrichtian assemblages from Waidach revealed a marked faunal turnover across the K–Pg boundary associated with an increase in species richness and shift in abundance from Squaliformes to Carcharhiniformes. This is associated with marked environmental changes from a deep marine, dysoxic setting in the Maastrichtian to a more oxygenated, shallower environment in the earliest Danian. The turnover was driven by environmentally induced regional changes in species geographic ranges. High diversity in the Danian fauna suggests that the habitability of the corresponding palaeoenvironment was preserved or recovered immediately after the K–Pg event. Comparison with other elasmobranch assemblages across the K–Pg boundary highlights a strong control of local palaeoenvironmental settings over the timing and magnitude of the turnover. Our study emphasizes the importance of successive sampling to disentangle local from general patterns of faunal turnover during the K–Pg event and to better assess the consequences of this extinction event over elasmobranch diversity.
{"title":"Earliest Danian outer neritic elasmobranch assemblages reveal an environmentally controlled faunal turnover at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary in the northern Tethyan Realm (Austria)","authors":"Iris Feichtinger, Jürgen Pollerspöck, Mathias Harzhauser, Gerald Auer, Stjepan Ćorić, Matthias Kranner, Bernhard Beaury, Guillaume Guinot","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1547","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports elasmobranch remains from two fossil-rich horizons in the earliest Danian Olching Formation at Waidach, Austria. These outer neritic assemblages complement previous fine-scale bulk-sampling of latest Maastrichtian horizons at Waidach and document a regional elasmobranch faunal turnover across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) boundary. The Danian assemblages show homogeneity in species richness and are dominated by squaliforms. The fauna comprises 16 species belonging to 12 genera including several new taxa (<i>Centrodeania rugosa</i> gen. et sp. nov., <i>Centrodeania annae</i> gen. et sp. nov., <i>Incognitorapax fernsebneri</i> gen. et sp. nov., <i>Scyliorhinus alaformis</i> sp. nov.). Comparison with latest Maastrichtian assemblages from Waidach revealed a marked faunal turnover across the K–Pg boundary associated with an increase in species richness and shift in abundance from Squaliformes to Carcharhiniformes. This is associated with marked environmental changes from a deep marine, dysoxic setting in the Maastrichtian to a more oxygenated, shallower environment in the earliest Danian. The turnover was driven by environmentally induced regional changes in species geographic ranges. High diversity in the Danian fauna suggests that the habitability of the corresponding palaeoenvironment was preserved or recovered immediately after the K–Pg event. Comparison with other elasmobranch assemblages across the K–Pg boundary highlights a strong control of local palaeoenvironmental settings over the timing and magnitude of the turnover. Our study emphasizes the importance of successive sampling to disentangle local from general patterns of faunal turnover during the K–Pg event and to better assess the consequences of this extinction event over elasmobranch diversity.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139762227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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