Jisuo Jin, Christian M. Ø. Rasmussen, Peter M. Sheehan, David A. T. Harper
An unusually rich and diverse suite of virgianid brachiopods, hitherto poorly known, is systematically described here for the first time from the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval (late Katian – Aeronian) of North Greenland. The Late Ordovician virgianids comprise typical taxa of the warm-water Tcherskidium fauna (e.g. Tcherskidium tenuicostatum, Proconchidium schleyi, Holorhynchus giganteus and Deloprosopus dawesi sp. nov.). Among the early Silurian taxa, Virgiana hursti sp. nov. occurs as abundant shell beds, similar to other congeneric species in Laurentia, but has somewhat larger internal skeletal structures, albeit not as extravagantly developed as in the late Katian virgianids; Borealoides balderi gen. et sp. nov. shows extreme thickening of the shell wall and internal structures, approaching the extravagant calcification of Katian virgianids. The highly distinctive mid-Aeronian stricklandioid brachiopod genus, Kulumbella, characterized by a shell with criss-cross (divaricate) ribbing, also occurs in North Greenland, represented by K. heimdali sp. nov., which has the largest and most strongly biconvex shells for the genus. Palaeogeographically, the Late Ordovician virgianid fauna of Laurentia was highly distinct, confined to the low–mid tropical latitudes north of the palaeoequator. In comparison, the early Silurian (Rhuddanian) Virgiana and some related taxa in Laurentia spanned the tropics of both hemispheres, forming extensive shell beds in carbonate basins, although Borealis and Borealoides gen. nov. remained confined largely to the northern hemisphere, suggesting a certain level of provincialism extending into the earliest Silurian. A palaeoecological preference for warm-water carbonate settings would explain the unusual abundance and richness of the virgianid faunas in North Greenland.
这里首次系统地描述了北格陵兰奥陶纪-志留纪界线区间（晚加氏-阿龙纪）的一套异常丰富和多样的病毒腕足类，这些病毒腕足类迄今所知甚少。晚奥陶世的蛭形类包括暖水蛭形类动物群的典型类群（如 Tcherskidium tenuicostatum、Proconchidium schleyi、Holorhynchus giganteus 和 Deloprosopus dawesi sp.）在志留纪早期的类群中，Virgiana hursti sp.nov.作为丰富的贝床出现，与劳伦提亚的其他同属物种相似，但其内部骨架结构更大一些，尽管不像晚卡蒂期的 virgianids 那样发达；Borealoides balderi gen. et sp.nov.的壳壁和内部结构极度增厚，接近卡蒂期 virgianids 的极度钙化。在北格陵兰岛也出现了非常独特的中生代腕足动物 Kulumbella 属，其特征是贝壳上有纵横交错的棱纹（divaricate），以 K. heimdali sp.从古地理学角度来看，劳伦西亚的晚奥陶世病毒虫动物群非常独特，仅限于古赤道以北的中低热带纬度地区。相比之下，早志留纪（Rhuddanian）的维吉亚纳类和劳伦西亚的一些相关类群跨越了两个半球的热带地区，在碳酸盐盆地中形成了广泛的贝床，尽管Borealis和Borealoides gen.古生态学上对暖水碳酸盐环境的偏好可以解释北格陵兰地区异常丰富的病毒虫动物群。
{"title":"Late Ordovician and early Silurian virgianid and stricklandioid brachiopods from North Greenland: implications for a warm-water faunal province","authors":"Jisuo Jin, Christian M. Ø. Rasmussen, Peter M. Sheehan, David A. T. Harper","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1544","url":null,"abstract":"An unusually rich and diverse suite of virgianid brachiopods, hitherto poorly known, is systematically described here for the first time from the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval (late Katian – Aeronian) of North Greenland. The Late Ordovician virgianids comprise typical taxa of the warm-water <i>Tcherskidium</i> fauna (e.g. <i>Tcherskidium tenuicostatum</i>, <i>Proconchidium schleyi</i>, <i>Holorhynchus giganteus</i> and <i>Deloprosopus dawesi</i> sp. nov.). Among the early Silurian taxa, <i>Virgiana hursti</i> sp. nov. occurs as abundant shell beds, similar to other congeneric species in Laurentia, but has somewhat larger internal skeletal structures, albeit not as extravagantly developed as in the late Katian virgianids; <i>Borealoides balderi</i> gen. et sp. nov. shows extreme thickening of the shell wall and internal structures, approaching the extravagant calcification of Katian virgianids. The highly distinctive mid-Aeronian stricklandioid brachiopod genus, <i>Kulumbella</i>, characterized by a shell with criss-cross (divaricate) ribbing, also occurs in North Greenland, represented by <i>K</i>. <i>heimdali</i> sp. nov., which has the largest and most strongly biconvex shells for the genus. Palaeogeographically, the Late Ordovician virgianid fauna of Laurentia was highly distinct, confined to the low–mid tropical latitudes north of the palaeoequator. In comparison, the early Silurian (Rhuddanian) <i>Virgiana</i> and some related taxa in Laurentia spanned the tropics of both hemispheres, forming extensive shell beds in carbonate basins, although <i>Borealis</i> and <i>Borealoides</i> gen. nov. remained confined largely to the northern hemisphere, suggesting a certain level of provincialism extending into the earliest Silurian. A palaeoecological preference for warm-water carbonate settings would explain the unusual abundance and richness of the virgianid faunas in North Greenland.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139560763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine A. Turk, Mikaela A. Pulsipher, Eugene Bergh, Marc Laflamme, Simon A. F. Darroch
Following various assignments to Archaeocyatha, worm tubes, and finally incertae sedis, the enigmatic Ediacaran–Cambrian taxon Archaeichnium haughtoni has in recent years come to represent somewhat of a wastebasket taxon to which the indeterminate tapering tubular forms common across this interval are assigned. This ‘catch-all’ status has been aided in part by both suboptimal specimen photography and the temporary loss of the holotype after its second redescription in 1978. Recent rediscovery of the A. haughtoni holotype in the collections of the Iziko South African Museum in Cape Town has enabled a much-needed re-assessment of this critical and cryptic taxon, with results suggesting that this material from the latest Ediacaran or earliest Cambrian of Namibia is among the earliest fossil record examples of marine worm burrow linings, and the oldest examples of linings robust enough to withstand exhumation and current transport. These traces indicate the emergence of this important animalian ecosystem engineering behaviour closer to the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary than previously thought.
{"title":"Archaeichnium haughtoni: a robust burrow lining from the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition of Namibia","authors":"Katherine A. Turk, Mikaela A. Pulsipher, Eugene Bergh, Marc Laflamme, Simon A. F. Darroch","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1546","url":null,"abstract":"Following various assignments to Archaeocyatha, worm tubes, and finally <i>incertae sedis</i>, the enigmatic Ediacaran–Cambrian taxon <i>Archaeichnium haughtoni</i> has in recent years come to represent somewhat of a wastebasket taxon to which the indeterminate tapering tubular forms common across this interval are assigned. This ‘catch-all’ status has been aided in part by both suboptimal specimen photography and the temporary loss of the holotype after its second redescription in 1978. Recent rediscovery of the <i>A. haughtoni</i> holotype in the collections of the Iziko South African Museum in Cape Town has enabled a much-needed re-assessment of this critical and cryptic taxon, with results suggesting that this material from the latest Ediacaran or earliest Cambrian of Namibia is among the earliest fossil record examples of marine worm burrow linings, and the oldest examples of linings robust enough to withstand exhumation and current transport. These traces indicate the emergence of this important animalian ecosystem engineering behaviour closer to the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary than previously thought.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139560764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raúl O. Gómez, Tomás Ventura, Guillermo F. Turazzini, Laurent Marivaux, Rubén Andrade Flores, Alberto Boscaini, Marcos Fernández-Monescillo, Bernardino Mamani Quispe, Mercedes B. Prámparo, Séverine Fauquette, Céline Martin, Philippe Münch, François Pujos, Pierre-Olivier Antoine
We describe the new frog Telmatobius achachila sp. nov. from the late Middle to earliest Late Miocene of Achiri, based on a partial skeleton found at 3960 m above sealevel in the Bolivian Altiplano. This skeleton, attributed to a male adult, constitutes the first documented fossil record of the speciose living genus Telmatobius, endemic to the Andean Cordillera and the Altiplano. Phylogenetic analysis confirms the new species as being part of the crown group, and diverging both later than the T. verrucosus group and earlier than the T. bolivianus, T. marmoratus and T. macrostomus groups. Coupled with its accurate stratigraphic provenance and age, this phylogenetic position provides a relevant calibration point for timing the evolutionary history of these highland, mostly aquatic frogs. The skeleton of T. achachila indicates that several of the osteological peculiarities of extant Telmatobius were already acquired at c. 12 Ma, including some that might be linked to their aquatic lifestyle. Together with mixed montane–rainforest pollen vegetation uncovered in the same level, this fossil specimen further provides key data enabling a more accurate reconstruction of ancestral habitats and elevation ranges of Telmatobius, agreeing with the previously postulated conditions in which these water frogs might have first evolved. Ultimately, this discovery adds to the sparse evidence of a humid tropical Bolivian Altiplano just prior to: (1) the Late Miocene uplift pulse of the Central Altiplano; and (2) the drastic climate deterioration that occurred from Late Miocene time onward, leading to the harsh highland-steppe environments reigning there today.
{"title":"A new early water frog (Telmatobius) from the Miocene of the Bolivian Altiplano","authors":"Raúl O. Gómez, Tomás Ventura, Guillermo F. Turazzini, Laurent Marivaux, Rubén Andrade Flores, Alberto Boscaini, Marcos Fernández-Monescillo, Bernardino Mamani Quispe, Mercedes B. Prámparo, Séverine Fauquette, Céline Martin, Philippe Münch, François Pujos, Pierre-Olivier Antoine","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1543","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the new frog <i>Telmatobius achachila</i> sp. nov. from the late Middle to earliest Late Miocene of Achiri, based on a partial skeleton found at 3960 m above sealevel in the Bolivian Altiplano. This skeleton, attributed to a male adult, constitutes the first documented fossil record of the speciose living genus <i>Telmatobius</i>, endemic to the Andean Cordillera and the Altiplano. Phylogenetic analysis confirms the new species as being part of the crown group, and diverging both later than the <i>T. verrucosus</i> group and earlier than the <i>T. bolivianus</i>, <i>T. marmoratus</i> and <i>T. macrostomus</i> groups. Coupled with its accurate stratigraphic provenance and age, this phylogenetic position provides a relevant calibration point for timing the evolutionary history of these highland, mostly aquatic frogs. The skeleton of <i>T. achachila</i> indicates that several of the osteological peculiarities of extant <i>Telmatobius</i> were already acquired at <i>c</i>. 12 Ma, including some that might be linked to their aquatic lifestyle. Together with mixed montane–rainforest pollen vegetation uncovered in the same level, this fossil specimen further provides key data enabling a more accurate reconstruction of ancestral habitats and elevation ranges of <i>Telmatobius</i>, agreeing with the previously postulated conditions in which these water frogs might have first evolved. Ultimately, this discovery adds to the sparse evidence of a humid tropical Bolivian Altiplano just prior to: (1) the Late Miocene uplift pulse of the Central Altiplano; and (2) the drastic climate deterioration that occurred from Late Miocene time onward, leading to the harsh highland-steppe environments reigning there today.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139482543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Barbacka, Artur Górecki, Christian Pott, Jadwiga Ziaja, Robert B. Blodgett, Curvin Metzler, Andrew H. Caruthers, Geethanalje Edirisooriya, Grzegorz Pacyna
A recently discovered Early Jurassic locality at Hicks Creek, Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska, yielded a macrofossil plant assemblage comprising predominantly bennettitaleans and ferns, accompanied by horsetails, seed ferns, cycads and conifers. Single species from different plant groups dominate the assemblage (e.g. Cladophlebis alata, Otozamites pterophylloides; less frequent Rhaphidopteris sp. and Pagiophyllum falcatum; sporadic Thallites sp., Klukia sp., Todites williamsonii, Coniopteris bella, Sagenopteris sp., Zamites sp., Nilssoniopteris pristis, Pseudoctenis sp., Eretmophyllum sp. and Elatides sp.). We also encountered a new foliage of cycadophyte type, Hanophyllum varioserratum gen. et sp. nov. Hicks Creek is one of four Alaskan areas with fossil Mesozoic plants that have been investigated. Along with rocks of Puale Bay and the East Fork of Boulder Creek exposures, this locality is of Early Jurassic age, while Cape Lisburne is Early Cretaceous (Albian). Based on a comparison of the floral composition of Hicks Creek with some other localities (Alaska and beyond), environmental conditions for the Peninsular terrane are inferred. Floristic differences between localities are explained by the varied topography, interpreted as disturbed coastal–lagoonal or as undisturbed, moist and warm inland. Some taxa (Todites williamsonii, Coniopteris bella, Nilssoniopteris pristis, Otozamites tenuatus, O. mimetes, Brachyphyllum crucis) common to the Alaska Peninsula and Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire may suggest a possible pathway of plant migration during the movement of the Peninsular terrane. The occurrence of Cladophlebis alata in the Lower Jurassic of south-central Alaska and the Lower Cretaceous of northwestern Alaska may also shed light on the posited spread of this species.
{"title":"Macroflora from Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian) of Hicks Creek, southern Talkeetna Mountains, south-central Alaska","authors":"Maria Barbacka, Artur Górecki, Christian Pott, Jadwiga Ziaja, Robert B. Blodgett, Curvin Metzler, Andrew H. Caruthers, Geethanalje Edirisooriya, Grzegorz Pacyna","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1541","url":null,"abstract":"A recently discovered Early Jurassic locality at Hicks Creek, Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska, yielded a macrofossil plant assemblage comprising predominantly bennettitaleans and ferns, accompanied by horsetails, seed ferns, cycads and conifers. Single species from different plant groups dominate the assemblage (e.g. <i>Cladophlebis alata</i>, <i>Otozamites pterophylloides</i>; less frequent <i>Rhaphidopteris</i> sp. and <i>Pagiophyllum falcatum</i>; sporadic <i>Thallites</i> sp., <i>Klukia</i> sp., <i>Todites williamsonii</i>, <i>Coniopteris bella</i>, <i>Sagenopteris</i> sp., <i>Zamites</i> sp., <i>Nilssoniopteris pristis</i>, <i>Pseudoctenis</i> sp., <i>Eretmophyllum</i> sp. and <i>Elatides</i> sp.). We also encountered a new foliage of cycadophyte type, <i>Hanophyllum varioserratum</i> gen. et sp. nov. Hicks Creek is one of four Alaskan areas with fossil Mesozoic plants that have been investigated. Along with rocks of Puale Bay and the East Fork of Boulder Creek exposures, this locality is of Early Jurassic age, while Cape Lisburne is Early Cretaceous (Albian). Based on a comparison of the floral composition of Hicks Creek with some other localities (Alaska and beyond), environmental conditions for the Peninsular terrane are inferred. Floristic differences between localities are explained by the varied topography, interpreted as disturbed coastal–lagoonal or as undisturbed, moist and warm inland. Some taxa (<i>Todites williamsonii</i>, <i>Coniopteris bella</i>, <i>Nilssoniopteris pristis</i>, <i>Otozamites tenuatus</i>, <i>O</i>. <i>mimetes</i>, <i>Brachyphyllum crucis</i>) common to the Alaska Peninsula and Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire may suggest a possible pathway of plant migration during the movement of the Peninsular terrane. The occurrence of <i>Cladophlebis alata</i> in the Lower Jurassic of south-central Alaska and the Lower Cretaceous of northwestern Alaska may also shed light on the posited spread of this species.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139056091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leigh Anne Riedman, Susannah M. Porter, Maxwell A. Lechte, Angelo dos Santos, Galen P. Halverson
Fine-grained, siliciclastic units of the >1642 ± 3.9 Ma late Palaeoproterozoic Limbunya Group, Birrindudu Basin host rich, well-preserved organic-walled microfossil assemblages that include members of total-group eukaryotes. These assemblages include taxa characteristic of this interval such as Tappania plana and Satka favosa, as well as less common taxa such as Gigantosphaeridium fibratum, Gigantosphaeridium floccosum, Kamolineata elongata (= Valeria elongata; new combination), and four new species. The new taxa include Limbunyasphaera operculata gen et sp. nov., the oldest known operculate taxon; the large septate filaments of Siphonoseptum bombycinum gen. et sp. nov.; the platy tubular form Birrindudutuba brigandinia gen. et sp. nov.; and Filinexum torsivum gen. et sp. nov., which bears a spirally twisted wall constructed of bound fibres. Our data show that eukaryotic fossils are particularly abundant in marginal marine environments such as tidal flats and back-barrier lagoonal settings. This is exemplified by the Blue Hole Formation, which features an especially diverse and complex assemblage. We also present a new within-formation eukaryotic species richness estimate for the Palaeoproterozoic to Tonian. This estimate indicates that the oldest eukaryote-bearing units already show species richness levels similar to those of the much younger and more heavily sampled Tonian period. Additionally, these oldest eukaryotic assemblages show significant morphological disparity, particularly in vesicle construction. These high levels of eukaryotic species richness and morphological disparity suggest that although late Palaeoproterozoic units preserve our oldest record of eukaryotes, the eukaryotic clade has a much deeper history.
比尔林杜盆地 1642 ± 3.9 Ma 晚古生代林布尼亚组的细粒硅质碎屑岩单元含有丰富的、保存完好的有机壁微小化石群，其中包括全群真核生物成员。这些微化石群包括该区间的特征类群，如 Tappania plana 和 Satka favosa，以及较少见的类群，如 Gigantosphaeridium fibratum、Gigantosphaeridium floccosum、Kamolineata elongata（= Valeria elongata；新组合）和四个新物种。新分类群包括 Limbunyasphaera operculata gen et sp.nov.（已知最古老的厣状分类群）、Siphonoseptum bombycinum gen et sp.nov.（大隔膜丝状体）、Birrindudutuba brigandinia gen et sp.nov.（板状管状体）和 Filinexum torsivum gen et sp.nov.（具有由结合纤维构成的螺旋扭曲壁）。我们的数据显示，真核生物化石在边缘海洋环境中特别丰富，如潮滩和背障泻湖环境。蓝洞地层（Blue Hole Formation）就是一个很好的例子，该地层中的真核生物化石种类繁多，结构复杂。我们还对古近纪至托尼安时期的真核生物物种丰富度进行了新的估算。这一估算结果表明，最古老的含真核生物单元已经显示出与更年轻、取样更多的托尼安时期相似的物种丰富度水平。此外，这些最古老的真核生物群显示出明显的形态差异，尤其是在囊泡构造方面。这些高水平的真核生物物种丰富度和形态差异表明，虽然晚古新生代单位保存了我们最古老的真核生物记录，但真核生物支系的历史要深远得多。
{"title":"Early eukaryotic microfossils of the late Palaeoproterozoic Limbunya Group, Birrindudu Basin, northern Australia","authors":"Leigh Anne Riedman, Susannah M. Porter, Maxwell A. Lechte, Angelo dos Santos, Galen P. Halverson","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1538","url":null,"abstract":"Fine-grained, siliciclastic units of the >1642 ± 3.9 Ma late Palaeoproterozoic Limbunya Group, Birrindudu Basin host rich, well-preserved organic-walled microfossil assemblages that include members of total-group eukaryotes. These assemblages include taxa characteristic of this interval such as <i>Tappania plana</i> and <i>Satka favosa</i>, as well as less common taxa such as <i>Gigantosphaeridium fibratum</i>, <i>Gigantosphaeridium floccosum</i>, <i>Kamolineata elongata</i> (= <i>Valeria elongata</i>; new combination), and four new species. The new taxa include <i>Limbunyasphaera operculata</i> gen et sp. nov., the oldest known operculate taxon; the large septate filaments of <i>Siphonoseptum bombycinum</i> gen. et sp. nov.; the platy tubular form <i>Birrindudutuba brigandinia</i> gen. et sp. nov.; and <i>Filinexum torsivum</i> gen. et sp. nov., which bears a spirally twisted wall constructed of bound fibres. Our data show that eukaryotic fossils are particularly abundant in marginal marine environments such as tidal flats and back-barrier lagoonal settings. This is exemplified by the Blue Hole Formation, which features an especially diverse and complex assemblage. We also present a new within-formation eukaryotic species richness estimate for the Palaeoproterozoic to Tonian. This estimate indicates that the oldest eukaryote-bearing units already show species richness levels similar to those of the much younger and more heavily sampled Tonian period. Additionally, these oldest eukaryotic assemblages show significant morphological disparity, particularly in vesicle construction. These high levels of eukaryotic species richness and morphological disparity suggest that although late Palaeoproterozoic units preserve our oldest record of eukaryotes, the eukaryotic clade has a much deeper history.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139056097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olivier Jansen, Raúl Orencio Gómez, Antoine Fouquet, Laurent Marivaux, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, Pierre-Olivier Antoine
Anurans are one of the most diverse vertebrate groups, particularly in Amazonia, where species richness exceeds that of anywhere else. Amazonian frogs belong to three main lineages (Hyloidea, Microhylidae and Pipidae), each of which diversified during the Cenozoic. However, due to the virtual absence of an anuran fossil record in that area, the evolutionary history of modern lineages has so far remained accessible only via molecular data. In recent decades, a series of field campaigns in Peruvian Amazonia led to the discovery of an unparalleled set of anuran bone fragments, scattered across different sites spanning the Eocene–Miocene time interval. Here, we describe these first Palaeogene and early Neogene anurans from Peru with a focus on humeral and ilial morphology, identifying five humeral and five ilial morphotypes. Humeral morphotypes suggest the presence of different lineages of Brachycephaloidea in Peruvian fossil assemblages, whereas ilial morphotypes suggest the presence of Leptodactylidae, although leptodactylid-like ilia also occur in some extant brachycephaloids. Pipids were also identified based on both humeral and ilial fragments. This study fills a major temporal and geographical gap in the evolutionary history of South American anurans, while further uncovering a lack of knowledge in the skeletal morphology of extant anuran families, as well as their inter- and intra-species variability.
{"title":"First Eocene–Miocene anuran fossils from Peruvian Amazonia: insights into neotropical frog evolution and diversity","authors":"Olivier Jansen, Raúl Orencio Gómez, Antoine Fouquet, Laurent Marivaux, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, Pierre-Olivier Antoine","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1542","url":null,"abstract":"Anurans are one of the most diverse vertebrate groups, particularly in Amazonia, where species richness exceeds that of anywhere else. Amazonian frogs belong to three main lineages (Hyloidea, Microhylidae and Pipidae), each of which diversified during the Cenozoic. However, due to the virtual absence of an anuran fossil record in that area, the evolutionary history of modern lineages has so far remained accessible only via molecular data. In recent decades, a series of field campaigns in Peruvian Amazonia led to the discovery of an unparalleled set of anuran bone fragments, scattered across different sites spanning the Eocene–Miocene time interval. Here, we describe these first Palaeogene and early Neogene anurans from Peru with a focus on humeral and ilial morphology, identifying five humeral and five ilial morphotypes. Humeral morphotypes suggest the presence of different lineages of Brachycephaloidea in Peruvian fossil assemblages, whereas ilial morphotypes suggest the presence of Leptodactylidae, although leptodactylid-like ilia also occur in some extant brachycephaloids. Pipids were also identified based on both humeral and ilial fragments. This study fills a major temporal and geographical gap in the evolutionary history of South American anurans, while further uncovering a lack of knowledge in the skeletal morphology of extant anuran families, as well as their inter- and intra-species variability.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"238 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138823611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristo O. Romano, Alberto C. Garrido, David L. Barbeau, Rocío B. Vera, Ricardo Bonini, Alberto Boscaini, Esperanza Cerdeño, Laura E. Cruz, Graciela I. Esteban, Marcelo S. de la Fuente, Marcos Fernández-Monescillo, Juan C. Fernicola, Verónica Krapovickas, M. Carolina Madozzo-Jaén, M. Encarnación Pérez, François Pujos, Luciano Rasia, Guillermo F. Turazzini, Bárbara Vera, Ross D. E. MacPhee, Analía M. Forasiepi, Francisco J. Prevosti
The Huayquerian Stage of the South American chronostratigraphic scheme (named for the Huayquerías del Este, Argentina) was originally based on a poorly known mammal association of six taxa from the Huayquerías Formation. We studied the geology, age and fauna of the Neogene sequence in this area, including the Huayquerías, Tunuyán and Bajada Grande formations. The sequence comprises a monotonous succession of synorogenic epiclastic sediments deposited under arid to semi-arid conditions. Zircon U–Pb dates from 10 tuffaceous levels (7.2–1.6 Ma) place deposition of the Huayquerías Formation during the late Tortonian or Messinian to early Zanclean, the Tunuyán Formation during the Zanclean–Piacenzian, and the Bajada Grande Formation during the Piacenzian–Calabrian. We present 43 and 31 new mammal taxon records for the Huayquerías and Tunuyán formations, respectively. Progressive faunal change was observed along the sequence. The first records of the Chaco tortoise Chelonoidis chilensis and the notoungulate Xotodon major, and the latest records of Interatheriidae and Typotheriopsis (notoungulates), Metacaremys calfucalel, Phtoramys hidalguense and Lagostomus pretrichodactyla (rodents), Chasicotatus ameghinoi and Macroeuphractus morenoi (xenarthrans) are reported. The faunal associations of the Huayquerías and lower Tunuyán formations are highly similar to each other, and to other coeval localities in Argentina. The Macroeuphractus morenoi Assemblage Biozone is proposed as the basis for redefining the Huayquerian Stage, due to the co-occurrence of three taxa with wide geographical distribution in southern South America: Macroeuphractus morenoi, Pseudotypotherium subinsigne and Lagostomus pretrichodactyla. The age of this biozone is constrained at c. 8–5 Ma in its type area.
{"title":"Redefining the Huayquerian Stage (Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene) of the South American chronostratigraphic scale based on biostratigraphical analyses and geochronological dating","authors":"Cristo O. Romano, Alberto C. Garrido, David L. Barbeau, Rocío B. Vera, Ricardo Bonini, Alberto Boscaini, Esperanza Cerdeño, Laura E. Cruz, Graciela I. Esteban, Marcelo S. de la Fuente, Marcos Fernández-Monescillo, Juan C. Fernicola, Verónica Krapovickas, M. Carolina Madozzo-Jaén, M. Encarnación Pérez, François Pujos, Luciano Rasia, Guillermo F. Turazzini, Bárbara Vera, Ross D. E. MacPhee, Analía M. Forasiepi, Francisco J. Prevosti","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1539","url":null,"abstract":"The Huayquerian Stage of the South American chronostratigraphic scheme (named for the Huayquerías del Este, Argentina) was originally based on a poorly known mammal association of six taxa from the Huayquerías Formation. We studied the geology, age and fauna of the Neogene sequence in this area, including the Huayquerías, Tunuyán and Bajada Grande formations. The sequence comprises a monotonous succession of synorogenic epiclastic sediments deposited under arid to semi-arid conditions. Zircon U–Pb dates from 10 tuffaceous levels (7.2–1.6 Ma) place deposition of the Huayquerías Formation during the late Tortonian or Messinian to early Zanclean, the Tunuyán Formation during the Zanclean–Piacenzian, and the Bajada Grande Formation during the Piacenzian–Calabrian. We present 43 and 31 new mammal taxon records for the Huayquerías and Tunuyán formations, respectively. Progressive faunal change was observed along the sequence. The first records of the Chaco tortoise <i>Chelonoidis chilensis</i> and the notoungulate <i>Xotodon major</i>, and the latest records of Interatheriidae and <i>Typotheriopsis</i> (notoungulates), <i>Metacaremys calfucalel</i>, <i>Phtoramys hidalguense</i> and <i>Lagostomus pretrichodactyla</i> (rodents), <i>Chasicotatus ameghinoi</i> and <i>Macroeuphractus morenoi</i> (xenarthrans) are reported. The faunal associations of the Huayquerías and lower Tunuyán formations are highly similar to each other, and to other coeval localities in Argentina. The <i>Macroeuphractus morenoi</i> Assemblage Biozone is proposed as the basis for redefining the Huayquerian Stage, due to the co-occurrence of three taxa with wide geographical distribution in southern South America: <i>Macroeuphractus morenoi</i>, <i>Pseudotypotherium subinsigne</i> and <i>Lagostomus pretrichodactyla</i>. The age of this biozone is constrained at <i>c.</i> 8–5 Ma in its type area.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138823804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia P. Maslova, Tatiana M. Kodrul, Vasilisa V. Kachkina, Christa-Charlotte Hofmann, Sheng-Lan Xu, Xiao-Yan Liu, Jian-Hua Jin
Extant species of Liquidambar L. exhibit a disjunct distribution between western and eastern Asia and eastern North America to Central America, with the highest species diversity being in China. In this study, two new species of Liquidambar are described from the Eocene of Hainan Island, South China: L. hainanensis on basis of the leaf fossils, and L. ovoidea based on compressions of infructescences. The co-occurrences of L. hainanensis leaves, associated infructescences of L. ovoidea and dispersed pantoporate pollen grains have the combination of morphological features peculiar to the genera Liquidambar and former Semiliquidambar and Altingia. This is considered further palaeobotanical justification for the placement of these three genera into a single genus, Liquidambar, proposed earlier based on molecular markers. Our data provide evidence for the occurrence of an ancestral polymorphic group of Liquidambar species (L. maomingensis with associated capitate infructescences, L. bella, L. hainanensis and L. ovoidea) during the Eocene in South China, and corroborate the view that South China could have been a centre of Liquidambar speciation during the Eocene. The morphological similarity of L. hainanensis leaves to those of the extant species L. orientalis from Western Asia and the North American L. styraciflua may support the importance of both the North Atlantic Land Bridge and the Bering Land Bridge for the dispersal of Liquidambar. Analysis of fossil species of Liquidambar from eastern Asia also contributes to further understanding of patterns in the taxonomic diversity and evolutionary history of this genus.
枫香树现存物种分布于亚洲西部和东部、北美洲东部至中美洲之间，其中中国的物种多样性最高。本研究描述了华南海南岛始新世的两个枫香树新种：根据叶化石描述了 L. hainanensis，根据果序的压缩描述了 L. ovoidea。同时出现的海南树叶、L. ovoidea 的相关果序和分散的泛粉花粉粒具有枫香属、前半枫香属和 Altingia 属特有的形态特征。这被认为是早先根据分子标记将这三个属归入一个属--Liquidambar--的进一步古植物学依据。我们的数据为华南地区始新世时期出现的枫香属物种祖先多态群（茂名枫香属（L. maomingensis）及相关的头状果序、贝拉枫香属（L. bella）、海南枫香属（L. hainanensis）和敖包枫香属（L. ovoidea））提供了证据，并证实了华南地区可能是始新世时期枫香属物种分化中心的观点。海南枫叶与西亚现生种东方枫叶和北美枫叶的形态相似，这可能证明了北大西洋陆桥和白令陆桥对枫香树传播的重要性。对亚洲东部枫香树化石物种的分析也有助于进一步了解该属的分类多样性和进化历史。
{"title":"Evidence for the evolutionary history and diversity of fossil sweetgums: leaves and associated capitate reproductive structures of Liquidambar from the Eocene of Hainan Island, South China","authors":"Natalia P. Maslova, Tatiana M. Kodrul, Vasilisa V. Kachkina, Christa-Charlotte Hofmann, Sheng-Lan Xu, Xiao-Yan Liu, Jian-Hua Jin","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1540","url":null,"abstract":"Extant species of <i>Liquidambar</i> L. exhibit a disjunct distribution between western and eastern Asia and eastern North America to Central America, with the highest species diversity being in China. In this study, two new species of <i>Liquidambar</i> are described from the Eocene of Hainan Island, South China: <i>L. hainanensis</i> on basis of the leaf fossils, and <i>L. ovoidea</i> based on compressions of infructescences. The co-occurrences of <i>L. hainanensis</i> leaves, associated infructescences of <i>L. ovoidea</i> and dispersed pantoporate pollen grains have the combination of morphological features peculiar to the genera <i>Liquidambar</i> and former <i>Semiliquidambar</i> and <i>Altingia</i>. This is considered further palaeobotanical justification for the placement of these three genera into a single genus, <i>Liquidambar</i>, proposed earlier based on molecular markers. Our data provide evidence for the occurrence of an ancestral polymorphic group of <i>Liquidambar</i> species (<i>L. maomingensis</i> with associated capitate infructescences, <i>L. bella</i>, <i>L. hainanensis</i> and <i>L. ovoidea</i>) during the Eocene in South China, and corroborate the view that South China could have been a centre of <i>Liquidambar</i> speciation during the Eocene. The morphological similarity of <i>L. hainanensis</i> leaves to those of the extant species <i>L. orientalis</i> from Western Asia and the North American <i>L. styraciflua</i> may support the importance of both the North Atlantic Land Bridge and the Bering Land Bridge for the dispersal of <i>Liquidambar</i>. Analysis of fossil species of <i>Liquidambar</i> from eastern Asia also contributes to further understanding of patterns in the taxonomic diversity and evolutionary history of this genus.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138690850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandro C. A. Martínez, Marcelo Leppe, Leslie M. E. Manríquez, Juan Pablo Pino, Cristine Trevisan, Joseline Manfroi, Héctor Mansilla
Fossil plants, including large trunks, stems, some branches, and twigs, were collected from the Maastrichtian (68.9 Ma), upper Dorotea Formation in the Magallanes–Austral Basin, 16 km north of the Cerro Guido–Las Chinas complex in the southern Chilean Magallanes region. These fossil trunks range from 0.2 to 2.2 m in length. Petrographic slides were made in three sections (transverse, radial and tangential) and analysed under a light microscope to study the permineralized fossils. The woods and stems belong to Austroginkgoxylon gen. et sp. nov., Agathoxylon antarcticum, Podocarpoxylon paradoxi sp. nov., Podocarpoxylon mazzonii, Palmoxylon subantarcticae and Notomalvaceoxylon magallanense gen. et sp. nov. The growth rings of gymnosperms and anatomical characters of angiosperms were analysed to obtain palaeoecological data. Interactions between gymnosperm roots growing into the secondary xylem of an angiosperm (nurse logs) are recorded. The data obtained from the fossil woods suggest warm and humid conditions in this southern South American locality during the Late Cretaceous, providing a unique opportunity to study continental environments at high southern latitudes, which are poorly represented on a global scale.
{"title":"A unique Late Cretaceous fossil wood assemblage from Chilean Patagonia provides clues to a high-latitude continental environment","authors":"Leandro C. A. Martínez, Marcelo Leppe, Leslie M. E. Manríquez, Juan Pablo Pino, Cristine Trevisan, Joseline Manfroi, Héctor Mansilla","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1536","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil plants, including large trunks, stems, some branches, and twigs, were collected from the Maastrichtian (68.9 Ma), upper Dorotea Formation in the Magallanes–Austral Basin, 16 km north of the Cerro Guido–Las Chinas complex in the southern Chilean Magallanes region. These fossil trunks range from 0.2 to 2.2 m in length. Petrographic slides were made in three sections (transverse, radial and tangential) and analysed under a light microscope to study the permineralized fossils. The woods and stems belong to <i>Austroginkgoxylon</i> gen. et sp. nov., <i>Agathoxylon antarcticum</i>, <i>Podocarpoxylon paradoxi</i> sp. nov., <i>Podocarpoxylon mazzonii</i>, <i>Palmoxylon subantarcticae</i> and <i>Notomalvaceoxylon magallanense</i> gen. et sp. nov. The growth rings of gymnosperms and anatomical characters of angiosperms were analysed to obtain palaeoecological data. Interactions between gymnosperm roots growing into the secondary xylem of an angiosperm (nurse logs) are recorded. The data obtained from the fossil woods suggest warm and humid conditions in this southern South American locality during the Late Cretaceous, providing a unique opportunity to study continental environments at high southern latitudes, which are poorly represented on a global scale.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138690783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Yang, Bi’ang Su, Qiang Ou, Meirong Cheng, Jian Han, Degan Shu
Cambrian vetulicolians have mosaic characteristics of both deuterostomes and protostomes, which has important implications for the origin and early evolution of the Deuterostomia. They are intriguing in their bizarre body plan with a series of pharyngeal gill slits. The anterior section is characterized by five pairs of gill pouches, while the paddle-like posterior part is composed of seven or more segments. Although the overall external morphology and some internal anatomies of vetulicolians, such as pharyngeal cavity, gill system and alimentary canal, have largely been clarified, mysteries remain regarding some other internal structures, and their functional interpretations are highly controversial. In this study we identify an important but hitherto unrecognized feature: a sub-rounded, wrinkled structure located ventrally at the posterior section (or ‘tail’) of weakly sclerotized members of vetulicolians, including Xidazoon stephanus and Didazoon haoae, from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota. The enigmatic structure consistently appears at or between the third and fourth segments of the posterior section. We show that the new structure is an internal organ in the body cavity of vetulicolians and infer that it might have functioned for reproduction, excretion or digestion. The finding of this enigmatic structure from X. stephanus and D. haoae enriches our understanding of vetulicolians and might facilitate further exploration of the anatomy and physiology of early deuterostomes.
{"title":"An enigmatic structure in the tail of vetulicolians from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China","authors":"Yang Yang, Bi’ang Su, Qiang Ou, Meirong Cheng, Jian Han, Degan Shu","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1537","url":null,"abstract":"Cambrian vetulicolians have mosaic characteristics of both deuterostomes and protostomes, which has important implications for the origin and early evolution of the Deuterostomia. They are intriguing in their bizarre body plan with a series of pharyngeal gill slits. The anterior section is characterized by five pairs of gill pouches, while the paddle-like posterior part is composed of seven or more segments. Although the overall external morphology and some internal anatomies of vetulicolians, such as pharyngeal cavity, gill system and alimentary canal, have largely been clarified, mysteries remain regarding some other internal structures, and their functional interpretations are highly controversial. In this study we identify an important but hitherto unrecognized feature: a sub-rounded, wrinkled structure located ventrally at the posterior section (or ‘tail’) of weakly sclerotized members of vetulicolians, including <i>Xidazoon stephanus</i> and <i>Didazoon haoae</i>, from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota. The enigmatic structure consistently appears at or between the third and fourth segments of the posterior section. We show that the new structure is an internal organ in the body cavity of vetulicolians and infer that it might have functioned for reproduction, excretion or digestion. The finding of this enigmatic structure from <i>X. stephanus</i> and <i>D</i>. <i>haoae</i> enriches our understanding of vetulicolians and might facilitate further exploration of the anatomy and physiology of early deuterostomes.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138523739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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