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REJOINDER TO HOPPE ON ISRAEL VERSUS HAMAS 就以色列与哈马斯问题再论霍佩
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.12709/mest.12.12.se.04
Walter E. Block, Alan G. Futerman
Block and Futerman argue that the classical liberal political-economic philosophy, when properly understood, strongly aligns with the Israeli perspective in their defensive war against Hamas in 2023-2024. However, Hoppe (2024) vehemently disagrees with this view and offers sharp criticism of the work by the two authors. This paper serves as our rebuttal to Hoppe's critique. We present three primary criticisms of Hoppe's essay. Firstly, we contend that he fundamentally misinterprets the conflict between Hamas and Israel by misunderstanding and distorting Israel's claims while uncritically accepting Hamas's assertions. He also overlooks the role of Hamas's hatred of Jews and Israel in originating the ongoing conflict. Secondly, despite Hoppe's esteemed contributions to Austrian economics and libertarian theory, we find his understanding in these areas to be lacking. His view of libertarianism as a conservative enterprise leads to problematic conclusions regarding property rights and social issues like homosexuality and holding alternative belief systems. Lastly, while Hoppe is a respected scholar, his use of language does not align with scholarly standards aimed at advancing knowledge and understanding. Unlike past disagreements among Austro-libertarian scholars, Hoppe's language detracts from scholarly discourse rather than facilitating meaningful dialogue. This departure from academic norms undermines the pursuit of truth and intellectual progress.
布洛克和富特曼认为,如果正确理解古典自由主义政治经济哲学,它与以色列在 2023-2024 年对哈马斯的防御战中的观点非常一致。然而,Hoppe(2024 年)强烈反对这一观点,并对两位作者的研究提出了尖锐的批评。本文是我们对 Hoppe 批评的反驳。我们主要对 Hoppe 的文章提出三点批评。首先,我们认为他从根本上曲解了哈马斯和以色列之间的冲突,误解和歪曲了以色列的主张,却不加批判地接受了哈马斯的主张。他还忽视了哈马斯对犹太人和以色列的仇恨在引发当前冲突中所起的作用。其次,尽管霍佩对奥地利经济学和自由主义理论做出了令人尊敬的贡献,但我们发现他对这些领域的理解并不深刻。他认为自由主义是一项保守的事业,这导致他在财产权和社会问题(如同性恋和持有另类信仰体系)方面得出了有问题的结论。最后,虽然霍普是一位受人尊敬的学者,但他的语言使用并不符合旨在增进知识和理解的学术标准。与过去奥地利自由主义学者之间的分歧不同,霍普的语言有损于学术讨论,而不是促进有意义的对话。这种背离学术规范的做法破坏了对真理的追求和知识的进步。
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引用次数: 0
MICRO AND MACRO LIBERTARIANISM: REJOINDER TO McMAKEN 微观和宏观自由主义:麦卡金的再出发
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.12709/mest.12.12.se.01
Walter E. Block
Microlibertarianism concerns issues upon which the overwhelming proportion of libertarians agree: minimum wages, rent control, free trade, drug legalization. Macro libertarianism concerns issues upon which there is little or no consensus: voluntary slavery, immigration, abortion, covid vaccinations and the Israeli war with Hamas. The present paper is concerned with only the latter two controversies. McMaken (2024) takes the position that while Block’s views on microlibertarianism are valid, and even, perhaps, commendable, his perspective on these latter two issues is nothing short of highly problematic, not to say abominable. The specific charge of McMaken’s is the Block places his support for Jews in general, and Israel in particular, ahead of libertarianism. Thus, while he may be a good microlibertarian, he is no longer, if ever he was, a good macrolibertarian. The present paper offers a defense of the views of the latter vis a vis the charges of the former.
微观自由主义涉及绝大多数自由主义者都同意的问题:最低工资、租金管制、自由贸易、毒品合法化。宏观自由主义涉及几乎没有共识的问题:自愿奴役、移民、堕胎、covid 疫苗接种和以色列与哈马斯的战争。本文只关注后两个争议。麦克马克恩(2024)认为,虽然布洛克对微观自由主义的观点是正确的,甚至可能是值得称赞的,但他对后两个问题的看法却存在很大的问题,更不用说可恶了。麦克马克恩的具体指控是,布洛克把他对犹太人,特别是以色列的支持置于自由主义之上。因此,尽管他可能是一个优秀的微观自由主义者,但他不再是一个优秀的宏观自由主义者,如果他曾经是的话。本文针对前者的指控,为后者的观点辩护。
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引用次数: 0
FROM FRIEND AND CO-AUTHOR TO MAD CRITIC 从朋友、合著者到疯狂评论家
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.12709/mest.12.12.se.03
Walter E. Block
DiLorenzo (2024A) is not a “more in sorrow than in hate” criticism of the present author. It is if anything the very opposite: “more in hate than in sorrow.” He charges that I am no longer a libertarian in good standing due to the fact that I champion Israel not in spite of its genocide, war crimes, apartheid, etc., but because of these very rights violations. This author is very strong on making such accusations. He is very weak on backing them up with empirical evidence, with direct quotes from my writing or public speaking. Instead, he contents himself with misinterpreting the actual record insofar as I am concerned. He is guilty of concocting straw men arguments and then deriding them. The present paper is an attempt to refute these unwarranted charges on the part of this old friend of mine. He makes such preposterous claims, and more than just a few others of a similar ilk. He does so in order to buttress his charge that I am no longer a libertarian, at least not with regard to important, or “macro-libertarian” issues.
DiLorenzo (2024A)对本作者的批评并非 "悲伤多于仇恨"。如果有的话,这恰恰相反:"憎恨多于悲伤"。他指责我不再是一个有良好声誉的自由主义者,因为我支持以色列,不是因为它的种族灭绝、战争罪行、种族隔离等,而是因为这些侵犯人权的行为。这位作者在提出这些指控时非常有力。他在用实证、直接引用我的文章或公开演讲来支持这些指控方面却非常薄弱。相反,他只满足于曲解我的实际记录。他犯了编造稻草人论点然后加以嘲笑的错误。本文试图驳斥我的这位老朋友的这些无端指责。他提出了如此荒谬的主张,而且不止少数类似的主张。他这样做是为了支持他的指控,即我不再是一个自由主义者,至少在重要的或 "宏观的自由主义 "问题上不是。
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引用次数: 0
ANTI-WAR? A rejoinder to Antiwar.com, Lew Rockwell, Tom DiLorenzo, and the Mises Caucus of the Libertarian Party 反战?对 Antiwar.com、Lew Rockwell、Tom DiLorenzo 和自由党米塞斯核心小组的反驳
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.12709/mest.12.12.se.02
Walter E. Block
To be opposed to war, to all war, sounds eminently reasonable. War is a horrible undertaking, not only for the soldiers who lose their lives pursuing it, but, also, even more tragic, for the civilians who are no part of it, and perish from it anyway. To be in favor of war sounds, at the outset, like the view of a particularly nasty misanthrope. And, yet, on the basis of libertarianism, properly understood, it is improper to oppose all wars. Rather, we must distinguish between proper and improper wars. If country A gratuitously, with no justification whatsoever, launches a military attack on country B, it is indeed unwarranted. However, if B engages in a defensive war in response to A’s improper attack, B is engaging in a just war. The only people who oppose all wars, indeed, all violence, are pacifists, and libertarianism, the basis upon which the present essay is built, is not a synonym for pacifism.
反对战争,反对一切战争,听起来非常合理。战争是一项可怕的事业,不仅对为之献出生命的士兵来说是如此,而且对那些没有参与战争、但却因此而丧生的平民来说更是悲惨。一开始,支持战争听起来就像是一个特别讨厌的厌世者的观点。然而,根据正确理解的自由主义,反对所有战争是不恰当的。相反,我们必须区分适当的战争和不适当的战争。如果甲国在没有任何正当理由的情况下无偿地对乙国发动军事攻击,这确实是不正当的。但是,如果乙国针对甲国的不正当攻击进行防御性战争,乙国就是在进行一场正义的战争。只有和平主义者才反对一切战争,甚至一切暴力,而自由主义(本文的基础)并不是和平主义的同义词。
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引用次数: 0
ROLE OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES REGULATION IN CHINA-CEEC COOPERATION 加密货币监管在中欧合作中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.12709/mest.12.12.02.01
Zoran Babic, Marko Vidnjevic
This paper explores the impact of cryptocurrencies on international trade, focusing on the regulatory challenges in China, the European Union, and Serbia. Cryptocurrencies offer promising opportunities for cost efficiency and transparency, yet their adoption in global trade encounters legal complexities, particularly in anti-money laundering efforts. This study aims to underscore the importance of a shared regulatory framework to strengthen trust and facilitate seamless cross-border transactions between China and Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) for win-win cooperation. Through a comparative analysis of the regulatory landscapes, this study offers insights into aligning legal frameworks to navigate the intricacies of cryptocurrency adoption in global commerce. It argues that a unified approach to cryptocurrency regulation can significantly streamline trade, promote transparency, and strengthen economic relationships. By proposing harmonized regulatory measures, this research emphasizes the potential of cryptocurrencies to reshape international trade dynamics, while also stressing the importance of comprehensive legal structures to address the challenges posed by the digital financial landscape.
本文探讨了加密货币对国际贸易的影响,重点关注中国、欧盟和塞尔维亚的监管挑战。加密货币为提高成本效率和透明度提供了大有可为的机会,但在全球贸易中采用加密货币会遇到复杂的法律问题,特别是在反洗钱方面。本研究旨在强调共享监管框架的重要性,以加强信任,促进中国与中东欧国家(CEEC)之间无缝跨境交易,实现合作共赢。通过对监管环境的比较分析,本研究为调整法律框架以应对全球商务中采用加密货币的复杂性提供了见解。研究认为,统一的加密货币监管方法可以大大简化贸易、提高透明度并加强经济关系。通过提出统一的监管措施,本研究强调了加密货币重塑国际贸易动态的潜力,同时也强调了全面的法律结构对于应对数字金融环境带来的挑战的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
DIGITAL ECONOMY AND CYBERSECURITY ANALYSIS WITH A FOCUS ON CHINA AND SLOVENIA 以中国和斯洛文尼亚为重点的数字经济和网络安全分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.12709/mest.12.12.02.10
Bogdan Vukosavljevic, Martin Kralj, Marko Vidnjevic
This paper explores the evolving landscape of digital economy cooperation between China and the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), set against the backdrop of the China-CEEC Cooperation Initiative and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It highlights the untapped potential for digital economy projects, despite the absence of major projects under the BRI framework, and underscores China's strategic shift towards exploring new areas of collaboration, including the digital economy, artificial intelligence, financial technology, life sciences, and environmental protection. The paper delves into the rapid development of the digital economy, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on how both China and the CEECs are strengthening their digital economies to overcome current challenges and foster future growth. It examines China's commitment to digital economy expansion, digital governance, and international cooperation, including initiatives such as the "Global Initiative on Data Security" and the application to join the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA). Additionally, the paper considers the digital economy in Slovenia, highlighting its strategic commitment to digitalization, cybersecurity efforts, and its role within the broader digital transformation landscape in Europe. Through this analysis, the paper aims to provide insights into the opportunities and challenges of China-CEEC digital economy cooperation, offering recommendations for fostering effective collaboration and advancing mutual benefits in the digital era.
本文以中国-中东欧国家合作倡议(China-CEEC Cooperation Initiative)和 "一带一路 "倡议(BRI)为背景,探讨了中国与中东欧国家(CEECs)之间数字经济合作不断发展的前景。尽管在 "一带一路 "倡议框架下没有重大项目,但本文强调了数字经济项目尚未开发的潜力,并强调了中国向探索新合作领域的战略转变,包括数字经济、人工智能、金融技术、生命科学和环境保护。本文深入探讨了因 COVID-19 大流行而加速发展的数字经济,重点关注中国和中欧经济合作组织如何加强其数字经济,以克服当前的挑战并促进未来的增长。本文探讨了中国在数字经济扩张、数字治理和国际合作方面的承诺,包括 "全球数据安全倡议 "和申请加入《数字经济伙伴协定》(DEPA)等举措。此外,本文还探讨了斯洛文尼亚的数字经济,强调了其对数字化的战略承诺、网络安全工作以及在欧洲更广泛的数字转型格局中的作用。通过上述分析,本文旨在深入探讨中国-欧洲经济共同体数字经济合作的机遇与挑战,为促进数字时代的有效合作和互利共赢提供建议。
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引用次数: 0
LAST-MILE DELIVERY - A CHALLENGING OPPORTUNITY FOR SMES: MANAGERIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS 最后一英里配送--中小企业面临的挑战性机遇:管理和经济方面
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.12709/mest.12.12.02.03
Zdenek Dvorak, L. Prigoda, Z. Čekerevac
Cities are expanding and becoming more populated. Citizens are becoming increasingly demanding in meeting their needs. Retail must constantly adapt to new client requirements. As a result, last-mile delivery is becoming more complex and requires new methods and innovative solutions. SMEs are becoming increasingly significant participants in the logistics chain. Transformation of last-mile delivery provides them with new development opportunities. After a short consideration of the current situation and forecasting future needs in logistics, the article detailly analyzes the importance of SMEs and the importance of modern last-mile delivery. In the second chapter, the authors analyzed modern e-commerce through the opportunities for SMEs participating in the global market and logistics chains and the challenges SMEs face. Specific attention the authors paid to the analysis of security and financing, which can be considered the most critical factors in the participation of SMEs in last-mile delivery. Some of the most common innovative logistics solutions and the need for legal regulations are analyzed below. Based on the analyses carried out in the work, in the Conclusions chapter, the conclusions reached by the authors are systematized and presented with suggestions for the continuation of the research.
城市在不断扩大,人口越来越多。市民对满足自身需求的要求越来越高。零售业必须不断适应客户的新要求。因此,最后一英里配送变得越来越复杂,需要新的方法和创新的解决方案。中小企业在物流链中的地位日益重要。最后一英里配送的变革为它们提供了新的发展机遇。在对物流业的现状和未来需求进行简短思考和预测后,文章详细分析了中小企业的重要性和现代最后一英里配送的重要性。在第二章中,作者通过中小企业参与全球市场和物流链的机遇以及中小企业面临的挑战分析了现代电子商务。作者特别关注对安全和融资的分析,这可以被视为中小企业参与最后一英里配送的最关键因素。下文分析了一些最常见的创新物流解决方案以及对法律法规的需求。根据工作中进行的分析,作者在 "结论 "一章中对得出的结论进行了系统化,并提出了继续开展研究的建议。
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引用次数: 0
ARMENIA’S ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY: UTILIZING INSTITUTIONAL PRECONDITIONS 亚美尼亚的环境外交:利用体制先决条件
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.12709/mest.12.12.02.06
Tatoul Manasserian
Environmental security does not recognize political borders. Despite the will of the neighboring countries, common environmental threats exist and require careful assessment and joint efforts to reduce and eliminate them. During many natural and techno gene disasters, as well as pandemics and other trends, as indicated in the works of many international experts, countries face similar challenges. As can be noticed from recent developments, common environmental threats often compel us to deal even with parties involved in armed conflicts. The significance of discussing risks and ways of unofficially reducing them is emphasized, along with the need to invite impartial professionals in environmental security with a calm demeanor on both sides. It is also significant to count on issues of common interest in which technical cooperation is possible with the help of international structures and flexible approaches, as well as a technically well-structured agenda for the environment followed by monitoring political events to shape dialogue in a relevant and developmental context. In addition, financing cross-border cooperation needs external support.
环境安全不分政治边界。尽管邻国有不同的意愿,但共同的环境威胁依然存在,需要认真评估并共同努力减少和消除这些威胁。正如许多国际专家的著作所指出的,在许多自然和技术基因灾害以及流行病和其他趋势期间,各国面临着类似的挑战。从最近的事态发展可以看出,共同的环境威胁往往迫使我们甚至要与卷入武装冲突的各方打交道。我们强调了讨论风险和非官方减少风险的方法的重要性,以及邀请环境安全领域公正的专业人士以冷静的态度对待双方的必要性。同样重要的是,在国际结构和灵活方法的帮助下,就共同关心的问题开展技术合作,并制定技术上结构合理的环境议程,然后监测政治事件,以便在相关和发展的背景下开展对话。此外,资助跨境合作需要外部支持。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF CHINA-CEEC INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP COLLABORATION - CASE STUDY ON SLOVENIA 中国-欧洲经济委员会创新创业合作分析--斯洛文尼亚案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.12709/mest.12.12.02.08
G. Santek, Marko Vidnjevic, Martin Kralj
This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted collaboration between China and Eastern European Countries (China-CEEC), focusing on the China-CEEC Innovation Cooperation Research Center and the First Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition. Employing a case study approach with Slovenia as the focal point, the analysis integrates comparative metrics, including the Global Innovation Index, Expert Ratings of Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions, Intellectual Property Rankings, and the Global Talent Competitiveness Index. Furthermore, the comparative analyses presented in the paper underscore China's global leadership in various dimensions, particularly in intellectual property. This study contributes to a detailed understanding of the dynamic collaboration between China and Eastern European countries, showcasing a commitment to innovation and sustainable development by emphasizing the China-CEEC Innovation Cooperation initiative, the First China-CEEC Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, and its role in fostering collaboration among young innovators and entrepreneurs. It examines participation criteria, project categories, and the comprehensive support provided to winners, including matchmaking services, policy assistance, and post-competition benefits. This collaborative initiative stands as a testament to the enduring friendship and commitment within China-CEEC Cooperation, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.
本文以中国-东欧国家创新合作研究中心(China-CEEC Innovation Cooperation Research Center)和首届青年创新创业大赛(First Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition)为重点,全面探讨了中国与东欧国家(China-CEEC)之间的多方面合作。分析采用了以斯洛文尼亚为焦点的案例研究方法,整合了全球创新指数、创业框架条件专家评级、知识产权排名和全球人才竞争力指数等比较指标。此外,论文中的比较分析强调了中国在各方面的全球领先地位,尤其是在知识产权方面。本研究有助于详细了解中国与东欧国家之间的动态合作,通过强调中国--东欧国家创新合作倡议、首届中国--东欧国家青年创新创业大赛及其在促进青年创新者和企业家之间合作方面的作用,展示了对创新和可持续发展的承诺。报告探讨了参赛标准、项目类别以及为获奖者提供的全面支持,包括牵线搭桥服务、政策援助和赛后福利。这一合作倡议证明了中国-中东欧国家合作中促进创新和创业的持久友谊和承诺。
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引用次数: 0
THE TECHNOLOGICAL LEVELS OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF BELARUS, RUSSIA, AND KAZAKHSTAN 白俄罗斯、俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦的生产和消费技术水平
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.12709/mest.12.12.02.11
Mikalai Zianchuk
Innovative economic growth is not only based on the development of technologies that ensure the growth of aggregate supply. This type of growth is impossible without constant innovation in consumer goods that drive growth in aggregate demand. At the same time, in modern economic theory, the attention of researchers focuses mainly on the development of engineering and technology and the role of innovation in the field of consumer goods has not been studied separately from technical and technological innovations. The article analyzes the special roles of production innovations and consumer innovations in economic growth. A methodology developed by the author is presented for measuring the technological level of consumption, as well as for comparing the production technological level and the consumption technological level in the national economy. Based on statistical data, technological levels of production and consumption were calculated for the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, and Kazakhstan. The results of analysis of the dynamics of the production and consumption technological levels are presented. The level of сorrespondence between the technological capabilities of production and consumption within the national economies of the countries under consideration is evaluated. Such an analysis allows us to anticipate possible threats to the development of countries occupying a catching-up position in innovative development, as well as to anticipate the danger of a slowdown in economic growth for countries that are leaders in innovative development.
创新型经济增长不仅以确保总供给增长的技术开发为基础。如果没有消费品的不断创新来推动总需求的增长,这种增长是不可能实现的。同时,在现代经济理论中,研究者的注意力主要集中在工程和技术的发展上,消费品领域的创新作用并没有与技术和工艺创新分开研究。本文分析了生产创新和消费创新在经济增长中的特殊作用。文章介绍了作者开发的用于衡量消费技术水平的方法,以及用于比较国民经济中生产技术水平和消费技术水平的方法。根据统计数据,计算了俄罗斯联邦、白俄罗斯共和国和哈萨克斯坦的生产和消费技术水平。本文介绍了生产和消费技术水平动态分析的结果。我们还评估了各国国民经济中生产和消费技术能力之间的对应水平。通过这种分析,我们可以预测在创新发展方面处于追赶地位的国家的发展可能面临的威胁,也可以预测在创新发展方面处于领先地位的国家经济增长放缓的危险。
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引用次数: 0
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MEST Journal
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