Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments最新文献

Stress, anxiety, and depression are among the most common mental health problems experienced by university students. The aim of this study was to systematically review and analyze the effectiveness of digital health interventions in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in university students. Several databases (the Cochrane Library, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of digital health interventions published by June 30, 2024. The trials were reviewed, and outcome data were analyzed using random effects meta-analyses for each outcome. A total of 22 RCTs involving 3,655 participants (3,041 analyzed) were included. The meta-analysis revealed that digital health interventions significantly reduced stress, anxiety, and depression in university students (stress: WMD = -1.79; 95% CI: -2.51, -1.07; P<0.001; anxiety: WMD = -1.73; 95% CI: -2.20, -1.25; P<0.001; depression: WMD = -2.05; 95% CI: -2.91, -1.19; P<0.001). Intervention duration and technique were significant moderators of effect size across all outcomes (all P<0.001). Interventions lasting 4 to 8 weeks demonstrated the greatest reductions in symptoms (stress: WMD = -3.7, 95% CI: -5.02, -2.39; anxiety: WMD = -2.77, 95% CI: -3.46, -2.08; depression: WMD = -4.1, 95% CI: -5.31, -2.89). The effect sizes were significantly greater when the interventions were compared to the passive control groups (stress: WMD = -2.46, 95% CI: -3.56, -1.36; anxiety: WMD = -2.32, 95% CI: -2.89, -1.75; depression: WMD = -2.61, 95% CI: -3.92, -1.29). In contrast, comparisons with active control groups yielded smaller, although still significant, effects for stress and depression and a nonsignificant effect for anxiety. The findings indicate that digital health interventions are effective at reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in university students. These findings underscore the necessity of digital health interventions for promoting university students' mental health in higher education settings.

The paper aims to investigate how Jianpi Shengxue Decoction (JPSXD) alleviates chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression through network pharmacology and animal experiments. To do this, key components and targets were analyzed, and Protein-Protein Interaction Network (PPI) and herb-component-target networks were constructed. Gene Ontology (GO) andKyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment identified major pathways. A cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced myelosuppression model was established in 60 C57/BL6 mice. JPSXD was administered at different doses for 7 days. Peripheral blood counts, cytokines (thrombopoietin [TPO], erythropoietin [EPO], granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]), thymus index, bone marrow morphology, CD34+ cells, and AKT1, JAK2, and EGFR expression were evaluated. Network analysis identified 172 compounds and 454 targets, highlighting PI3K-Akt and JAK-STAT pathways. In vivo, CTX reduced leukocyte and signaling protein levels, while JPSXD restored counts, upregulated AKT1, JAK2, and EGFR, and improved thymus index (p < 0.05). Medium- and high-dose JPSXD increased TPO, EPO, GM-CSF, CD34⁺ cells, and improved bone marrow structure, with the high dose showing the strongest effect. Conclusively, JPSXD alleviates myelosuppression via multi-target, multi-pathway regulation, supporting its potential as an adjunctive therapy for chemotherapy-induced leukopenia.

There is a growing need for a model for automatic word-level language detection due to the growing usage of multilingual text. To identify code-switched and code-mixed sentences in the Kokborok language and English at the word level, we propose an unsupervised model. Numerous studies on code-mixed text have been published, including for several Indian languages. However, to the best of our knowledge, our work represents a pioneering effort, being the first to identify languages for low-resource English-Kokborok language pairs. We have employed a method that merges data from a frequency dictionary with data from a character n-gram model. The Viterbi technique combines a character n-gram Markov model with a frequency lexicon to aid in precise language identification at the word level. The proposed method performed well, with a word-level accuracy of 93.15%, which is better than the BiLSTM-CRF model of 88.5% and the rule-based baseline of 85.3%. This demonstrates the effectiveness of combining lexicon and statistical methodology for handling low-resource languages without depending on massive annotated datasets.

Benign and low-grade malignant tumors of the middle-segment pancreatic body represent a prognostically favorable subset of pancreatic neoplasms. For such tumors, the surgical approaches historically employed in clinical practice include distal pancreatectomy, middle-segment pancreatectomy followed by closure of the proximal pancreatic stump and pancreaticojejunostomy or pancreaticogastrostomy for the distal stump, local enucleation of the pancreatic tumor, or upfront pancreaticoduodenectomy. However, these historical approaches may remove excessive pancreatic tissue, alter the native pancreatic and intestinal anatomy, cause significant surgical trauma, lead to postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage, and risk injuring the main pancreatic duct (particularly with local enucleation). This study introduces a novel surgical approach: laparoscopic central pancreatectomy (LCP) with end-to-end pancreatic duct reconstruction for mid-pancreatic tumors. This technique preserves the physiological pancreatic anatomy and restores the main pancreatic ductal continuity. Our findings demonstrate that laparoscopic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end pancreatic duct reconstruction is a safe and feasible procedure. We propose that this approach represents a promising alternative approach for middle-segment pancreatic tumor resection.

Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is a common deep neck infection in which bedside drainage is performed close to major cervical vessels. Although catastrophic vascular complications are rare, clinicians have limited quantitative information on how far the internal carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery (ECA), and internal jugular vein (IJV) lie from the abscess in individual patients. This protocol describes a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT)-based workflow to confirm unilateral PTA, acquire neck CT images under standard clinical settings, measure linear distances from the anterior and posterior abscess capsule to the ipsilateral ICA, ECA, and IJV, compare these distances with the contralateral healthy side as an internal control, and classify the theoretical risk of ICA injury during needle drainage using a modified Pfeiffer system. The procedure includes patient selection, safety screening for iodinated contrast, contrast-enhanced CT acquisition, standardized axial image review by a head and neck radiologist, and structured data recording and analysis. In a retrospective cohort of 94 adult patients, PTA consistently displaced the ICA, ECA, and IJV away from the tonsillar space, increasing both anterior and posterior distances compared with the healthy side. The mean posterior PTA-ICA distance was approximately 14 mm, whereas the contralateral tonsil-ICA distance was about 9 mm. ICA course anomalies (tortuosity or coiling) were detected in a minority of patients, and roughly one in seven cases met moderate-risk criteria because of shorter distances and/or aberrant ICA anatomy. Age, sex, and abscess volume did not significantly alter these relationships. This CT-based protocol provides a reproducible method to quantify PTA-vessel distances and identify patients with potentially higher vascular risk anatomy prior to drainage. It supports cautious, controlled-depth needle aspiration in most cases and highlights scenarios in which image-guided or operating-room drainage may be preferable.

Ubiquitination is a versatile post-translational modification that plays a critical role in cytosolic immunity. Upon invasion of the host cells, pathogenic bacteria are initially enclosed within an endosome, from which they break free and escape into the cytosol to avoid lysosomal degradation. Once in the cytosol, bacteria are rapidly tagged with ubiquitin chains by host E3 ligases, marking them for clearance via multiple effector pathways, including autophagy and the proteasome. To delineate the contribution of individual pathways in bacterial elimination, in-vitro reconstitution offers a controlled and unambiguous approach. Here, using Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN) as a model bacterial pathogen, we present a detailed protocol for its ubiquitination using mammalian cell lysates or pure ubiquitin enzyme complex, followed by treatment with purified VCP/p97-UFD1-NPLOC4 complex to assess its bacteriolytic activity independent of other cellular factors. Overall, this procedure holds the potential to illuminate the function of immunity-linked ubiquitin ligases and effectors in a cell-free context, where dissecting such mechanisms can be challenging in intact cells.

Partial splenectomy (PS) has emerged as a viable alternative to total splenectomy for the management of benign splenic lesions, aiming to preserve immunological function while minimizing surgical morbidity. Robot-assisted surgery facilitates PS by providing three-dimensional visualization and precise dissection, leading to improved hemostatic control. We present the case of a 38-year-old woman with an incidental finding of a growing mass in the spleen suspected of a sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen, managed with robot-assisted PS. Intraoperative ultrasonography allowed for the accurate determination of the resection margin. The procedure included meticulous splenic hilum dissection with selective ligation of three vascular pedicles. Parenchymal transection was performed using a combination of robotic cautery, bipolar energy, and a laparoscopic harmonic device, minimizing blood loss. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 3 without complications. This case highlights the technical feasibility and advantages of robot-assisted PS in preserving splenic function while minimizing surgical morbidity.

This study aimed to establish and validate a novel rat model of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) in diabetic rats. Unlike traditional femoral artery ligation, we injected 95% ethanol (0.1 mL) into the external iliac artery. Postoperatively, arterial occlusion and hindlimb ischemia were assessed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 using Doppler ultrasound, thermal imaging, and wet muscle weight measurement. Histological analysis of blood vessels and muscle tissues was performed to evaluate the model's success rate and stability. High-concentration ethanol (95%) induces vascular endothelial cell damage, leading to femoral artery occlusion. Compared to the control group, Doppler ultrasound revealed a progressive reduction in arterial diameter and increased flow velocity in the affected limb. Thermal imaging demonstrated decreased limb temperature, while muscle weight measurement showed a significant reduction in the ipsilateral muscle mass. Histopathological analysis confirmed arterial lumen occlusion, decreased microvascular density, and progressive lesion exacerbation over time. In conclusion, iliac artery injection of 95% ethanol effectively replicates the pathophysiological characteristics of lower limb arterial occlusion, providing a novel model for studying arteriosclerosis obliterans in diabetic rats.

While Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily known as a motor disorder, non-motor symptoms often emerge before motor deficits and significantly impact disease progression, being crucial at all disease stages. Among these, depression and anxiety are the most prevalent symptoms and cause a higher symptom burden in women than in men. Alterations in the serotonergic (5-HT) system are frequently linked to mood disorders, and accumulations of α-synuclein (α-Syn) have been observed in the 5-HT raphe nuclei (RN) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression. Understanding the neural circuits underlying these non-motor symptoms is therefore critical. Here, we present an improved protocol to investigate the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)-dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) circuit in PD-associated mood disorders using a female mouse model overexpressing the mutant A53T form of human α-syn (h-α-Syn) in the DR. Our method allows high-resolution assessment of neuronal activity in the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) cortices under both basal conditions and during aversive conditioning and extinction. Using a tone-light sensory conditioning paradigm in awake, head-fixed mice, we employ multichannel electrophysiological probes to record neuronal responses. Experiments were conducted in virtual reality corridors, combining a cylindrical treadmill with a dual-screen visual display to maintain behavioral engagement while ensuring precise control of sensory stimuli and recording stability. This protocol builds on the established involvement of the IL and PL cortices in fear conditioning and extinction and provides a robust framework to examine dynamic neural activity in circuits implicated in depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in PD. By enabling simultaneous behavioral and electrophysiological measurements under controlled conditions, this approach offers a powerful tool for elucidating the neurobiological mechanisms of non-motor symptoms in PD and for testing potential interventions.

Endothelial dysfunction is a key driver of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but its systemic molecular mechanisms remain incompletely decoded. We hypothesized that integrated multi-omics analysis could map hyperglycemia-induced endothelial damage and identify reusable therapeutics. A reusable computational pipeline was applied to integrate transcriptomic/secretome profiles from hyperglycemic endothelial cells and diabetic kidneys. This identified 534 commonly upregulated genes/proteins. Functional enrichment revealed activation of extracellular matrix remodeling, intercellular communication, and inflammation pathways. Cross-database validation refined 278 high-confidence mediators, and protein-protein interaction network analysis pinpointed ten hub genes. Using network pharmacology, we screened an approved drug library, identifying several candidate compounds (e.g., bruceantin, idelalisib) that potentially target this network. Furthermore, transcription factor regulation and exemplary molecular docking simulations (e.g., idelalisib with CTCF/BRD4) provided mechanistic hypotheses for experimental validation. In conclusion, this study establishes a reusable multi-omics framework that delineates endothelial pathogenic mechanisms in DKD and nominates repurposable drug candidates, offering a strategic approach for mechanistic and therapeutic discovery.