Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00277-8
Liam R Brunham, Robert A Hegele
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Lomitapide for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in children","authors":"Liam R Brunham, Robert A Hegele","doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00277-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00277-8","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00245-6
Nick Oliver, Monika Reddy, Lala Leelarathna
The promotion of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to standard of care for type 1 diabetes and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes reflects a robust and wide evidence base for the technology's effectiveness supported by real-world efficacy data. Multiple CGM devices are available worldwide and are marketed, in part, based on accuracy data. In this Viewpoint, we argue that accuracy metrics are no longer a point of difference between CGM devices as almost all exceed an acceptable threshold. We also argue that domains of standardisation, clinical outcomes, and sustainability should now be given primacy as CGM devices seek to be implemented for new indications. These domains are key for the success of the next generation of CGM devices. Additionally, we discuss the need to address inequalities in accessing clinically impactful technologies.
{"title":"Continuous glucose sensor accuracy: beyond the headline metric","authors":"Nick Oliver, Monika Reddy, Lala Leelarathna","doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00245-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00245-6","url":null,"abstract":"The promotion of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to standard of care for type 1 diabetes and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes reflects a robust and wide evidence base for the technology's effectiveness supported by real-world efficacy data. Multiple CGM devices are available worldwide and are marketed, in part, based on accuracy data. In this Viewpoint, we argue that accuracy metrics are no longer a point of difference between CGM devices as almost all exceed an acceptable threshold. We also argue that domains of standardisation, clinical outcomes, and sustainability should now be given primacy as CGM devices seek to be implemented for new indications. These domains are key for the success of the next generation of CGM devices. Additionally, we discuss the need to address inequalities in accessing clinically impactful technologies.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00270-5
Sasha Taylor, Susan R Davis
Findings from the Women's Health Initiative studies led to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) guidelines generally recommending the initiation of MHT be limited to women within 10 years of their menopause or before the age of 60 years. This recommendation has led to women who experience troublesome menopausal symptoms and who have not commenced MHT within these limits often being denied this type of therapy. Similarly, the majority of women who might benefit from the protective effects of MHT against bone loss and fracture are not offered this treatment option if they do not fit with these criteria. Based on review of the evidence that led to the conditional initiation of MHT, and subsequent studies, we propose that the recommendations regarding the initiation of MHT need to change to be more inclusive of women outside these chronological limits.
{"title":"Is it time to revisit the recommendations for initiation of menopausal hormone therapy?","authors":"Sasha Taylor, Susan R Davis","doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00270-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00270-5","url":null,"abstract":"Findings from the Women's Health Initiative studies led to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) guidelines generally recommending the initiation of MHT be limited to women within 10 years of their menopause or before the age of 60 years. This recommendation has led to women who experience troublesome menopausal symptoms and who have not commenced MHT within these limits often being denied this type of therapy. Similarly, the majority of women who might benefit from the protective effects of MHT against bone loss and fracture are not offered this treatment option if they do not fit with these criteria. Based on review of the evidence that led to the conditional initiation of MHT, and subsequent studies, we propose that the recommendations regarding the initiation of MHT need to change to be more inclusive of women outside these chronological limits.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.036
Antonio H. de Aza, Patricia Acosta, Esther Quirós, Juan F. Almagro, Carmen Baudín
Oxide-graphite refractories represent the new paradigm of materials for extreme environments since 1970´s: materials that resist thanks to "in situ" microstructural changes. The analysis of post-mortem linings necessitates the use of small specimens because main microstructural changes occur within the matrix, exhibiting zonal distributions relatively small compared to maximum aggregate sizes. In this paper the minimized tensile strength of discs (diameter=18 mm, width=8 mm) tested in diametral compression is addressed for commercial materials representative of the typical microstructures. Effects of aggregate and graphite sizes, graphite anisotropy and size of the specimens on the quasi-brittle fracture of these heterogeneous materials are discussed.
{"title":"Tensile strength of MgO-graphite based refractories: effect of anisotropy and specimen size","authors":"Antonio H. de Aza, Patricia Acosta, Esther Quirós, Juan F. Almagro, Carmen Baudín","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.036","url":null,"abstract":"Oxide-graphite refractories represent the new paradigm of materials for extreme environments since 1970´s: materials that resist thanks to \"in situ\" microstructural changes. The analysis of post-mortem linings necessitates the use of small specimens because main microstructural changes occur within the matrix, exhibiting zonal distributions relatively small compared to maximum aggregate sizes. In this paper the minimized tensile strength of discs (diameter=18 mm, width=8 mm) tested in diametral compression is addressed for commercial materials representative of the typical microstructures. Effects of aggregate and graphite sizes, graphite anisotropy and size of the specimens on the quasi-brittle fracture of these heterogeneous materials are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 900 nm wavelength laser is effective for atmospheric detection and various other applications.The frequency-doubled 450 nm deep blue laser can be used in maritime military, quantum optics, biomedicine, laser storage, laser display, and deep ultraviolet laser fields, among others. Although Nd3+ is considered the optimal medium for generating 900 nm lasers, competition with the 1060 nm emission wavelength must be addressed. In Nd-doped silica glass, without the introduction of aluminum, the emission intensity of the three-level transition is higher than that of the four-level transition. However, it can cause a concentration quenching between Nd3+, but co-doping with Al can effectively suppress it. As the Al/Nd ratio increases, the emission intensity at 1060 nm increases relative to that at 900 nm. By precisely adjusting the Al/Nd ratio, it is possible to suppress the 1060 nm emission while also inhibiting concentration quenching caused by Nd3+.
{"title":"A Nd-doped silica glass with high doping concentration, low hydroxyl content, and 900 nm fluorescence emission fabricated by laser additive manufacturing","authors":"Yunxin Cao, Yuewei Yang, Chuqi Huang, Haolin Chi, Xuhang Li, Yang Gan, Zhiyun Hou, Guiyao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.046","url":null,"abstract":"The 900 nm wavelength laser is effective for atmospheric detection and various other applications.The frequency-doubled 450 nm deep blue laser can be used in maritime military, quantum optics, biomedicine, laser storage, laser display, and deep ultraviolet laser fields, among others. Although Nd<sup>3+</sup> is considered the optimal medium for generating 900 nm lasers, competition with the 1060 nm emission wavelength must be addressed. In Nd-doped silica glass, without the introduction of aluminum, the emission intensity of the three-level transition is higher than that of the four-level transition. However, it can cause a concentration quenching between Nd<sup>3+</sup>, but co-doping with Al can effectively suppress it. As the Al/Nd ratio increases, the emission intensity at 1060 nm increases relative to that at 900 nm. By precisely adjusting the Al/Nd ratio, it is possible to suppress the 1060 nm emission while also inhibiting concentration quenching caused by Nd<sup>3+</sup>.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power density is one of the important factors affecting the performance of electrode materials, which is hampered by ion/electron transport and agglomeration build-up problems. In this study, a novel 3D NiMnO3/Ni(OH)2/Ag NWs composite is synthesized via the introduction of Ag NWs. The introduction of Ag NWs synergistically influences the crystal structure and micro-morphology of the NiMnO3/Ni(OH)2/Ag NWs composite. The unique pentatwinned structure of Ag NWs facilitates the enhancement of the (110) and (101) crystal planes, which induces the movement of Ni 2p3/2, leading to a significant increase of Ni2+ concentration in the composites. This ensures an abundance of ion adsorption sites, generating materials conducive to reactive activity. This new structure increases the density of active sites and establishes a conductive network, which optimizes the electron and ion transport paths, greatly reduces the diffusion resistance at the electrode-electrolyte interface, and improves the charge transfer efficiency, thus effectively increasing the specific capacity and energy density of the material. The NiMnO3/Ni(OH)2/Ag NWs//AC device exhibits a remarkable specific capacity of 350.478 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 0.01 A·cm-2, and its Ragone plot reveals a peak energy density of 81.107 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 1699.871 W kg-1. Additionally, it achieves an energy density of 60.532 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 8490.072 W kg-1. This study explores the design and application of 3D structured electrode materials, which effectively improves the specific capacity of the materials and provides a new idea to further improve the energy density of supercapacitors.
功率密度是影响电极材料性能的重要因素之一，而离子/电子传输和团聚堆积问题则阻碍了电极材料的性能。本研究通过引入 Ag NWs 合成了一种新型 3D NiMnO3/Ni(OH)2/Ag NWs 复合材料。Ag NWs的引入协同影响了NiMnO3/Ni(OH)2/Ag NWs复合材料的晶体结构和微观形态。Ag NWs 独特的五孪晶结构促进了 (110) 和 (101) 晶面的增强，从而诱导了 Ni 2p3/2 的移动，导致复合材料中 Ni2+ 浓度的显著增加。这确保了大量的离子吸附位点，生成了有利于活性反应的材料。这种新结构增加了活性位点的密度，建立了导电网络，优化了电子和离子传输路径，大大降低了电极-电解质界面的扩散阻力，提高了电荷转移效率，从而有效提高了材料的比容量和能量密度。在电流密度为 0.01 A-cm-2 时，镍锰酸锂/镍(OH)2/银 NWs//AC 器件显示出 350.478 mAh-g-1 的显著比容量；在功率密度为 1699.871 W kg-1 时，其 Ragone 图显示出 81.107 Wh kg-1 的峰值能量密度。此外，在功率密度为 8490.072 W kg-1 时，它的能量密度为 60.532 Wh kg-1。这项研究探索了三维结构电极材料的设计和应用，有效提高了材料的比容量，为进一步提高超级电容器的能量密度提供了新思路。
{"title":"NiMn-Ag NWs Complexes Electrode Material with In Situ Grown Conductive 3D Networks for Enhanced Supercapacitive Performance by Boosting Ni2+","authors":"Yuanting Wu, Jingyue Hu, Qiujun Liu, Xinmeng Zhang, Yunlong Xue, Bocheng Zhang, Xuhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.054","url":null,"abstract":"Power density is one of the important factors affecting the performance of electrode materials, which is hampered by ion/electron transport and agglomeration build-up problems. In this study, a novel 3D NiMnO<sub>3</sub>/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>/Ag NWs composite is synthesized via the introduction of Ag NWs. The introduction of Ag NWs synergistically influences the crystal structure and micro-morphology of the NiMnO<sub>3</sub>/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>/Ag NWs composite. The unique pentatwinned structure of Ag NWs facilitates the enhancement of the (110) and (101) crystal planes, which induces the movement of Ni 2p<sub>3/2</sub>, leading to a significant increase of Ni<sup>2+</sup> concentration in the composites. This ensures an abundance of ion adsorption sites, generating materials conducive to reactive activity. This new structure increases the density of active sites and establishes a conductive network, which optimizes the electron and ion transport paths, greatly reduces the diffusion resistance at the electrode-electrolyte interface, and improves the charge transfer efficiency, thus effectively increasing the specific capacity and energy density of the material. The NiMnO<sub>3</sub>/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>/Ag NWs//AC device exhibits a remarkable specific capacity of 350.478 mAh·g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 0.01 A·cm<sup>-2</sup>, and its Ragone plot reveals a peak energy density of 81.107 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> at a power density of 1699.871 W kg<sup>-1</sup>. Additionally, it achieves an energy density of 60.532 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> at a power density of 8490.072 W kg<sup>-1</sup>. This study explores the design and application of 3D structured electrode materials, which effectively improves the specific capacity of the materials and provides a new idea to further improve the energy density of supercapacitors.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00307-3
Jiawen Dong, Jeremy W Tomlinson
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Lessons to learn from the 2024 NICE guideline on adrenal insufficiency","authors":"Jiawen Dong, Jeremy W Tomlinson","doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00307-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00307-3","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.125
Kiran Pooja, Y. Dwivedi
In the present study, we report elongated red emission decay in Sm(DBM)3phen (SDp) complex stimulated via radiative transfer from a persistent luminescent phosphor SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ (SrAl) in the Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The detailed spectroscopic investigations carried out on 405 nm laser excitation reveal the predominating broad emission, centered at 520 nm with a prolonged decay time, while the SDp complex in PVA yields characteristic yellow-red emissions with a decay time of ∼535 μs. The PVA composite yields an amalgam of emissions with modified intensities and change in peak shape due to the lattice effect. We report spectroscopic analysis of the emission spectrum with varying concentrations, layer stacking, lattice effect, etc. The lattice leads the emission peak broadening, facilitating improved interaction between the SDp complex and SrAl phosphor. The radiative decay analysis of red emission for transition 4G5/2→6H9/2 (Sm3+ ion) reveals that in PVA, it decays slower (∼535μs) than the pure complex (∼260μs). Further, red emission was present even after cessation of excitation due to the elongated radiative decay (∼3.5ms) in the presence of SrAl phosphor in PVA, indicating efficient radiative transfer (transfer rate of ∼1580 s-1) from the phosphor to Sm(DBM)3phen complex. Detailed photophysics and CIE coordinate calculations were presented.
{"title":"Multispectral emissive and elongated red emission decay in Sm(DBM)3phen complex modified by SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ composite","authors":"Kiran Pooja, Y. Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.125","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we report elongated red emission decay in Sm(DBM)<sub>3</sub>phen (SDp) complex stimulated via radiative transfer from a persistent luminescent phosphor SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>,Dy<sup>3+</sup> (SrAl) in the Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The detailed spectroscopic investigations carried out on 405 nm laser excitation reveal the predominating broad emission, centered at 520 nm with a prolonged decay time, while the SDp complex in PVA yields characteristic yellow-red emissions with a decay time of ∼535 μs. The PVA composite yields an amalgam of emissions with modified intensities and change in peak shape due to the lattice effect. We report spectroscopic analysis of the emission spectrum with varying concentrations, layer stacking, lattice effect, etc. The lattice leads the emission peak broadening, facilitating improved interaction between the SDp complex and SrAl phosphor. The radiative decay analysis of red emission for transition <sup>4</sup>G<sub>5/2</sub>→<sup>6</sup>H<sub>9/2</sub> (Sm<sup>3+</sup> ion) reveals that in PVA, it decays slower (∼535μs) than the pure complex (∼260μs). Further, red emission was present even after cessation of excitation due to the elongated radiative decay (∼3.5ms) in the presence of SrAl phosphor in PVA, indicating efficient radiative transfer (transfer rate of ∼1580 s<sup>-1</sup>) from the phosphor to Sm(DBM)<sub>3</sub>phen complex. Detailed photophysics and CIE coordinate calculations were presented.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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