Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00233-x
Luis Masana, Alberto Zambon, Claus Peter Schmitt, Christina Taylan, Joenna Driemeyer, Hofit Cohen, Paola Sabrina Buonuomo, Abdullah Alashwal, Mohammed Al-Dubayee, Naji Kholaif, José Luis Diaz-Diaz, Faouzi Maatouk, Sergio Martinez-Hervas, Brian Mangal, Sandra Löwe, Tracy Cunningham
<h3>Background</h3>Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare inherited disorder characterised by extremely high concentrations of LDL cholesterol, leading to early-onset atherosclerosis. Lomitapide is an orally administered microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor that effectively lowers LDL cholesterol and is approved for adults with HoFH. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of lomitapide in paediatric patients with HoFH receiving standard-of-care lipid-lowering therapy.<h3>Methods</h3>APH-19 is an open-label, single-arm, phase 3 trial performed at 12 study centres in Germany, Israel, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and Tunisia. A 6-week run-in period was followed by a 24-week efficacy phase and an 80-week safety phase. Patients aged 5–17 years, on stable lipid-lowering therapy, with HoFH diagnosed using the criteria from the 2014 European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel on HoFH were titrated to maximum tolerated doses of oral lomitapide, starting at 2 mg (patients aged 5–15 years) or 5 mg (patients aged 16–17 years). The primary endpoint was the percentage change from baseline to week 24 in LDL cholesterol, which was assessed in patients who had received at least one dose of lomitapide, and who had a baseline and at least one post-baseline measurement. The secondary outcomes were the percentage change from baseline at week 24 in total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a). Safety was assessed in patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span>, <span><span>NCT04681170</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span>.<h3>Findings</h3>Between Dec 20, 2020, and Oct 16, 2022, 43 patients were included and treated (24 [56%] were female and 19 [44%] were male, and median age was 10·7 years [7·0–14·0]). Mean change from baseline in LDL cholesterol at week 24 was –53·5% (95% CI –61·6 to –45·4, p<0·0001). Mean percentage reductions were observed at week 24 for non-HDL cholesterol (–53·9%, 95% CI –61·7 to –46·1, p<0·0001), total cholesterol (–50·0%, 95% CI –57·6 to –42·4, p<0·0001), VLDL cholesterol (–50·2%, –59·1 to –41·2, p<0·0001), apolipoprotein B (–52·4%, –60·3 to –44·5, p<0·0001), triglycerides was –49·9% (–58·8 to –41·0, p<0·0001), and lipoprotein(a) (–11·3%, –32·9 to 10·3 [in 21 patients with measurements in mg/dL]; –23·6%, –38·2 to –9·0 [in 22 patients with measurements in nmol/L]; p=0·0070 combined). Adverse events were mostly mild, and gastrointestinal and hepatic in nature. Adve
{"title":"Lomitapide for the treatment of paediatric patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (APH-19): results from the efficacy phase of an open-label, multicentre, phase 3 study","authors":"Luis Masana, Alberto Zambon, Claus Peter Schmitt, Christina Taylan, Joenna Driemeyer, Hofit Cohen, Paola Sabrina Buonuomo, Abdullah Alashwal, Mohammed Al-Dubayee, Naji Kholaif, José Luis Diaz-Diaz, Faouzi Maatouk, Sergio Martinez-Hervas, Brian Mangal, Sandra Löwe, Tracy Cunningham","doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00233-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00233-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare inherited disorder characterised by extremely high concentrations of LDL cholesterol, leading to early-onset atherosclerosis. Lomitapide is an orally administered microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor that effectively lowers LDL cholesterol and is approved for adults with HoFH. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of lomitapide in paediatric patients with HoFH receiving standard-of-care lipid-lowering therapy.<h3>Methods</h3>APH-19 is an open-label, single-arm, phase 3 trial performed at 12 study centres in Germany, Israel, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and Tunisia. A 6-week run-in period was followed by a 24-week efficacy phase and an 80-week safety phase. Patients aged 5–17 years, on stable lipid-lowering therapy, with HoFH diagnosed using the criteria from the 2014 European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel on HoFH were titrated to maximum tolerated doses of oral lomitapide, starting at 2 mg (patients aged 5–15 years) or 5 mg (patients aged 16–17 years). The primary endpoint was the percentage change from baseline to week 24 in LDL cholesterol, which was assessed in patients who had received at least one dose of lomitapide, and who had a baseline and at least one post-baseline measurement. The secondary outcomes were the percentage change from baseline at week 24 in total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a). Safety was assessed in patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>, <span><span>NCT04681170</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>.<h3>Findings</h3>Between Dec 20, 2020, and Oct 16, 2022, 43 patients were included and treated (24 [56%] were female and 19 [44%] were male, and median age was 10·7 years [7·0–14·0]). Mean change from baseline in LDL cholesterol at week 24 was –53·5% (95% CI –61·6 to –45·4, p<0·0001). Mean percentage reductions were observed at week 24 for non-HDL cholesterol (–53·9%, 95% CI –61·7 to –46·1, p<0·0001), total cholesterol (–50·0%, 95% CI –57·6 to –42·4, p<0·0001), VLDL cholesterol (–50·2%, –59·1 to –41·2, p<0·0001), apolipoprotein B (–52·4%, –60·3 to –44·5, p<0·0001), triglycerides was –49·9% (–58·8 to –41·0, p<0·0001), and lipoprotein(a) (–11·3%, –32·9 to 10·3 [in 21 patients with measurements in mg/dL]; –23·6%, –38·2 to –9·0 [in 22 patients with measurements in nmol/L]; p=0·0070 combined). Adverse events were mostly mild, and gastrointestinal and hepatic in nature. Adve","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00277-8
Liam R Brunham, Robert A Hegele
No Abstract
无摘要
{"title":"Lomitapide for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in children","authors":"Liam R Brunham, Robert A Hegele","doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00277-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00277-8","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00245-6
Nick Oliver, Monika Reddy, Lala Leelarathna
The promotion of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to standard of care for type 1 diabetes and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes reflects a robust and wide evidence base for the technology's effectiveness supported by real-world efficacy data. Multiple CGM devices are available worldwide and are marketed, in part, based on accuracy data. In this Viewpoint, we argue that accuracy metrics are no longer a point of difference between CGM devices as almost all exceed an acceptable threshold. We also argue that domains of standardisation, clinical outcomes, and sustainability should now be given primacy as CGM devices seek to be implemented for new indications. These domains are key for the success of the next generation of CGM devices. Additionally, we discuss the need to address inequalities in accessing clinically impactful technologies.
{"title":"Continuous glucose sensor accuracy: beyond the headline metric","authors":"Nick Oliver, Monika Reddy, Lala Leelarathna","doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00245-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00245-6","url":null,"abstract":"The promotion of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to standard of care for type 1 diabetes and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes reflects a robust and wide evidence base for the technology's effectiveness supported by real-world efficacy data. Multiple CGM devices are available worldwide and are marketed, in part, based on accuracy data. In this Viewpoint, we argue that accuracy metrics are no longer a point of difference between CGM devices as almost all exceed an acceptable threshold. We also argue that domains of standardisation, clinical outcomes, and sustainability should now be given primacy as CGM devices seek to be implemented for new indications. These domains are key for the success of the next generation of CGM devices. Additionally, we discuss the need to address inequalities in accessing clinically impactful technologies.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00270-5
Sasha Taylor, Susan R Davis
Findings from the Women's Health Initiative studies led to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) guidelines generally recommending the initiation of MHT be limited to women within 10 years of their menopause or before the age of 60 years. This recommendation has led to women who experience troublesome menopausal symptoms and who have not commenced MHT within these limits often being denied this type of therapy. Similarly, the majority of women who might benefit from the protective effects of MHT against bone loss and fracture are not offered this treatment option if they do not fit with these criteria. Based on review of the evidence that led to the conditional initiation of MHT, and subsequent studies, we propose that the recommendations regarding the initiation of MHT need to change to be more inclusive of women outside these chronological limits.
{"title":"Is it time to revisit the recommendations for initiation of menopausal hormone therapy?","authors":"Sasha Taylor, Susan R Davis","doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00270-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00270-5","url":null,"abstract":"Findings from the Women's Health Initiative studies led to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) guidelines generally recommending the initiation of MHT be limited to women within 10 years of their menopause or before the age of 60 years. This recommendation has led to women who experience troublesome menopausal symptoms and who have not commenced MHT within these limits often being denied this type of therapy. Similarly, the majority of women who might benefit from the protective effects of MHT against bone loss and fracture are not offered this treatment option if they do not fit with these criteria. Based on review of the evidence that led to the conditional initiation of MHT, and subsequent studies, we propose that the recommendations regarding the initiation of MHT need to change to be more inclusive of women outside these chronological limits.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.158
Lu Liu, Shaoyang Zhang, Ruihua Zhao, Guoli Liu, Jianping Du
An economical and efficient noble metal-free catalyst is necessary for large-scale hydrogen production. Here, Mo2C nanoparticles (NPs) were well-dispersed on the surface of 2D graphene nanosheets by in-situ propping oxide graphene (GO) layers, anchoring molybdate ions between GO layers and pyrolysis. The exposed crystal planes were also adjusted by above strategy. The results indicate that uniform and well-dispersed Mo2C NPs with a narrow size distribution were anchored on 2D rGO nanosheets and exposed dual crystal planes. The results of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) show that the optimal Mo2C/rGO catalyst only needs low overpotential (η10, 112 mV) to drive 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline solution, and η10 only increased by 12 mV after 1000 cycles test, indicating high activity and stability for HER. Notably, the overpotential is below than that of Pt/C commercial catalyst when current density is more than 100 mA cm-1. The excellent performance is benefit from low hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*) on the Mo2C catalyst. Therefore, the proposed strategy is efficient to prepare well-dispersed and dual crystal planes-exposed Mo2C NPs for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
大规模制氢需要一种经济高效的无贵金属催化剂。在这里，通过原位支撑氧化石墨烯（GO）层、在 GO 层之间锚定钼酸盐离子以及热解，Mo2C 纳米颗粒（NPs）被很好地分散在二维石墨烯纳米片表面。上述策略还对暴露的晶面进行了调整。结果表明，二维 rGO 纳米片上锚定了均匀且分散良好的 Mo2C NPs，其尺寸分布较窄，并暴露出双晶面。氢气进化反应（HER）的结果表明，最佳的 Mo2C/rGO 催化剂在碱性溶液中只需较低的过电位（η10，112 mV）就能驱动 10 mA cm-2 的反应，而且经过 1000 次循环测试后，η10 只增加了 12 mV，这表明该催化剂具有较高的氢气进化活性和稳定性。值得注意的是，当电流密度超过 100 mA cm-1 时，过电位低于 Pt/C 商用催化剂。优异的性能得益于 Mo2C 催化剂上较低的氢吸附吉布斯自由能（ΔGH*）。因此，所提出的策略能有效地制备出分散良好且双晶面外露的 Mo2C NPs，用于电催化氢气进化。
{"title":"In-situ exfoliating graphene to anchor and modulate crystal planes of Mo2C NPs for hydrogen production","authors":"Lu Liu, Shaoyang Zhang, Ruihua Zhao, Guoli Liu, Jianping Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.158","url":null,"abstract":"An economical and efficient noble metal-free catalyst is necessary for large-scale hydrogen production. Here, Mo<sub>2</sub>C nanoparticles (NPs) were well-dispersed on the surface of 2D graphene nanosheets by in-situ propping oxide graphene (GO) layers, anchoring molybdate ions between GO layers and pyrolysis. The exposed crystal planes were also adjusted by above strategy. The results indicate that uniform and well-dispersed Mo<sub>2</sub>C NPs with a narrow size distribution were anchored on 2D rGO nanosheets and exposed dual crystal planes. The results of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) show that the optimal Mo<sub>2</sub>C/rGO catalyst only needs low overpotential (<em>η</em><sub>10</sub>, 112 mV) to drive 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> in alkaline solution, and <em>η</em><sub>10</sub> only increased by 12 mV after 1000 cycles test, indicating high activity and stability for HER. Notably, the overpotential is below than that of Pt/C commercial catalyst when current density is more than 100 mA cm<sup>-1</sup>. The excellent performance is benefit from low hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔG<sub>H*</sub>) on the Mo<sub>2</sub>C catalyst. Therefore, the proposed strategy is efficient to prepare well-dispersed and dual crystal planes-exposed Mo<sub>2</sub>C NPs for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.174
Yusheng Wang, Duo Jiang, Xiaoliang Ma, Yunfei Zhang, Ping Fu, Feipeng Du
Carbon nanotubes-based thermoelectric materials with high electrical conductivity (σ) and excellent mechanical properties have promising applications in flexible wearable devices. Two-dimensional transition metal sulfide MoS2 has been used to enhance the thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotubes due to its high Seebeck coefficient (S). However, MoS2 nanosheets are prone to agglomeration due to their high specific surface area, which causes lower doping efficiency. In this work, MoS2@GO hybrids are successfully fabricated using a hydrothermal in-situ growth method to anchor exfoliated MoS2 on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, and MoS2@GO hybrids significantly enhance the interfacial interaction between MoS2 and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), improve the carrier mobility, lead to a simultaneous enhancement of the S and the σ. The maximum S value of MoS2@GO/SWCNT is 42.3 ± 0.2 μV K-1, the σ is 1173.2 ± 45.6 S cm-1, and an optimum power factor (PF) of 208.8 ± 8.5 μW m-1 K-2 is obtained at room temperature, which reaches 261.3 ± 10.2 μW m-1 K-2 at 385 K. For application demonstration, a thermoelectric device is assembled by connecting six pairs of p-type MoS2@GO/SWCNT and n-type copper sheets in series, which demonstrates an open-circuit voltage of 17.4 mV and an output power of 2.1 μW under a temperature difference of 50 K. Therefore, this study enriches the design and synthesis strategy of exfoliated MoS2 and provides a new approach for the development of high-performance SWCNT-based thermoelectric materials, which has important potential applications in the field of wearable electronics.
基于碳纳米管的热电材料具有高导电率（σ）和优异的机械性能，在柔性可穿戴设备中具有广阔的应用前景。二维过渡金属硫化物 MoS2 具有较高的塞贝克系数 (S)，已被用于增强碳纳米管的热电特性。然而，MoS2 纳米片由于比表面积高而容易团聚，导致掺杂效率降低。本研究采用水热原位生长法将剥离的 MoS2 固定在氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片上，成功制备了 MoS2@GO 混合物，MoS2@GO 混合物显著增强了 MoS2 与单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）之间的界面相互作用，提高了载流子迁移率，从而同时提高了 S 值和σ。MoS2@GO/SWCNT 的最大 S 值为 42.3 ± 0.2 μV K-1，σ 为 1173.2 ± 45.6 S cm-1，室温下的最佳功率因数（PF）为 208.8 ± 8.5 μW m-1 K-2，达到 261.3 ± 10。为了进行应用示范，我们通过串联六对 p 型 MoS2@GO/SWCNT 和 n 型铜片组装了一个热电装置，其开路电压为 17.因此，该研究丰富了剥离 MoS2 的设计和合成策略，为开发基于 SWCNT 的高性能热电材料提供了一种新方法，在可穿戴电子产品领域具有重要的应用潜力。
{"title":"Exfoliated MoS2 anchored on graphene oxide nanosheets for enhancing thermoelectric properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes","authors":"Yusheng Wang, Duo Jiang, Xiaoliang Ma, Yunfei Zhang, Ping Fu, Feipeng Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.174","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotubes-based thermoelectric materials with high electrical conductivity (<em>σ</em>) and excellent mechanical properties have promising applications in flexible wearable devices. Two-dimensional transition metal sulfide MoS<sub>2</sub> has been used to enhance the thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotubes due to its high Seebeck coefficient (<em>S</em>). However, MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets are prone to agglomeration due to their high specific surface area, which causes lower doping efficiency. In this work, MoS<sub>2</sub>@GO hybrids are successfully fabricated using a hydrothermal in-situ growth method to anchor exfoliated MoS<sub>2</sub> on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, and MoS<sub>2</sub>@GO hybrids significantly enhance the interfacial interaction between MoS<sub>2</sub> and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), improve the carrier mobility, lead to a simultaneous enhancement of the <em>S</em> and the <em>σ</em>. The maximum <em>S</em> value of MoS<sub>2</sub>@GO/SWCNT is 42.3 ± 0.2 μV K<sup>-1</sup>, the <em>σ</em> is 1173.2 ± 45.6 S cm<sup>-1</sup>, and an optimum power factor (<em>PF)</em> of 208.8 ± 8.5 μW m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> is obtained at room temperature, which reaches 261.3 ± 10.2 μW m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> at 385 K. For application demonstration, a thermoelectric device is assembled by connecting six pairs of p-type MoS<sub>2</sub>@GO/SWCNT and n-type copper sheets in series, which demonstrates an open-circuit voltage of 17.4 mV and an output power of 2.1 μW under a temperature difference of 50 K. Therefore, this study enriches the design and synthesis strategy of exfoliated MoS<sub>2</sub> and provides a new approach for the development of high-performance SWCNT-based thermoelectric materials, which has important potential applications in the field of wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.036
Antonio H. de Aza, Patricia Acosta, Esther Quirós, Juan F. Almagro, Carmen Baudín
Oxide-graphite refractories represent the new paradigm of materials for extreme environments since 1970´s: materials that resist thanks to "in situ" microstructural changes. The analysis of post-mortem linings necessitates the use of small specimens because main microstructural changes occur within the matrix, exhibiting zonal distributions relatively small compared to maximum aggregate sizes. In this paper the minimized tensile strength of discs (diameter=18 mm, width=8 mm) tested in diametral compression is addressed for commercial materials representative of the typical microstructures. Effects of aggregate and graphite sizes, graphite anisotropy and size of the specimens on the quasi-brittle fracture of these heterogeneous materials are discussed.
{"title":"Tensile strength of MgO-graphite based refractories: effect of anisotropy and specimen size","authors":"Antonio H. de Aza, Patricia Acosta, Esther Quirós, Juan F. Almagro, Carmen Baudín","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.036","url":null,"abstract":"Oxide-graphite refractories represent the new paradigm of materials for extreme environments since 1970´s: materials that resist thanks to \"in situ\" microstructural changes. The analysis of post-mortem linings necessitates the use of small specimens because main microstructural changes occur within the matrix, exhibiting zonal distributions relatively small compared to maximum aggregate sizes. In this paper the minimized tensile strength of discs (diameter=18 mm, width=8 mm) tested in diametral compression is addressed for commercial materials representative of the typical microstructures. Effects of aggregate and graphite sizes, graphite anisotropy and size of the specimens on the quasi-brittle fracture of these heterogeneous materials are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel TiN/(CrVTaTiW)Nx multilayer coating, consisting of the high-entropy alloy nitride and the binary nitride was prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. Detailed investigation about the microstructure and mechanical attributes of the multilayer films was conducted, with particular emphasis on the influence of high entropy nitride (HEN) modulation layer’s thickness. The results reveal that all samples exhibited a face-centred cubic (fcc) crystal structure with a (111) preferred orientation. Notably, the hardness and elastic modulus of multilayer films increase with increase of the HEN layer’s thickness. When the thickness of the HEN layer reached 4.8 nm, the hardness and elastic modulus of the TiN/(CrVTaTiW)Nx multilayer reached the maximum values of 25.33 GPa and 311.95 GPa, respectively. These results indicate the key role of the HEN layer as a modulation layer within the coating, ultimately demonstrating the importance of thickness on the structure and properties of TiN/(CrVTaTiW)Nx nanomultilayer films.
通过直流磁控溅射制备了一种新型 TiN/(CrVTaTiW)Nx 多层涂层，该涂层由高熵合金氮化物和二元氮化物组成。研究人员对多层薄膜的微观结构和机械属性进行了详细调查，并特别强调了高熵氮化物（HEN）调制层厚度的影响。结果表明，所有样品都呈现出以 (111) 为优先取向的面心立方（fcc）晶体结构。值得注意的是，多层薄膜的硬度和弹性模量随着 HEN 层厚度的增加而增加。当 HEN 层的厚度达到 4.8 nm 时，TiN/(CrVTaTiW)Nx 多层膜的硬度和弹性模量分别达到 25.33 GPa 和 311.95 GPa 的最大值。这些结果表明了 HEN 层作为涂层内的调制层所发挥的关键作用，最终证明了厚度对 TiN/(CrVTaTiW)Nx 纳米多层膜的结构和性能的重要性。
{"title":"Thickness modulation influenced mechanical properties of TiN/(CrVTaTiW)Nx multilayer coatings","authors":"Yuchun Tu, Junjie Li, Yanyan Yuan, JiaoLing Zhao, Azfar Hameed, Chao Yan, Hui Chen, Rui Lan, Benyuan Cheng, Peipei Wang, Wei Wang, Xiuguang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.150","url":null,"abstract":"A novel TiN/(CrVTaTiW)N<sub><em>x</em></sub> multilayer coating, consisting of the high-entropy alloy nitride and the binary nitride was prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. Detailed investigation about the microstructure and mechanical attributes of the multilayer films was conducted, with particular emphasis on the influence of high entropy nitride (HEN) modulation layer’s thickness. The results reveal that all samples exhibited a face-centred cubic (fcc) crystal structure with a (111) preferred orientation. Notably, the hardness and elastic modulus of multilayer films increase with increase of the HEN layer’s thickness. When the thickness of the HEN layer reached 4.8 nm, the hardness and elastic modulus of the TiN/(CrVTaTiW)N<sub><em>x</em></sub> multilayer reached the maximum values of 25.33 GPa and 311.95 GPa, respectively. These results indicate the key role of the HEN layer as a modulation layer within the coating, ultimately demonstrating the importance of thickness on the structure and properties of TiN/(CrVTaTiW)N<sub><em>x</em></sub> nanomultilayer films.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cubic spinel ferrites have developed significant attention in materials science owing to their distinctive characteristics and diverse applications. The present review emphasizes on the cubic spinel ferrites fabricated via green synthesis routes focusing on their structural characteristics and their influence on the potential biomedical applications. Various green synthesis approaches, including sol-gel, hydrothermal, microwave irradiated, microorganism and plant-mediated methods, are discussed in detail, highlighting their eco-friendly approach allows for the fabrication of ferrites with customizable properties. Metal conjugate ferrites such as zinc, manganese, magnesium, cobalt, copper, nickel, and magnetite are synthesized using these green routes, highlighting the versatility and efficacy of green synthesis techniques in materials fabrication. Furthermore, the biomedical applications of cubic spinel ferrites are elucidated, illustrating their utility in cancer therapy, antibacterial properties, biosensing and drug delivery systems. This review emphasizes the importance of using green chemistry principles and natural resources to advance sustainable material development methods, as well as fully utilizing cubic spinel ferrites in various medicinal domains to enhance innovation and tackle global challenges in a sustainable way.
{"title":"Green synthesis of Cubic Spinel ferrites and their Potential biomedical applications","authors":"Siddikha Sultana Liyakath Ali, Satheesh Selvaraj, Khalid Mujasam Batoo, Ankush Chauhan, Garima Rana, Susmitha Kalaichelvan, Arunkumar Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.084","url":null,"abstract":"Cubic spinel ferrites have developed significant attention in materials science owing to their distinctive characteristics and diverse applications. The present review emphasizes on the cubic spinel ferrites fabricated via green synthesis routes focusing on their structural characteristics and their influence on the potential biomedical applications. Various green synthesis approaches, including sol-gel, hydrothermal, microwave irradiated, microorganism and plant-mediated methods, are discussed in detail, highlighting their eco-friendly approach allows for the fabrication of ferrites with customizable properties. Metal conjugate ferrites such as zinc, manganese, magnesium, cobalt, copper, nickel, and magnetite are synthesized using these green routes, highlighting the versatility and efficacy of green synthesis techniques in materials fabrication. Furthermore, the biomedical applications of cubic spinel ferrites are elucidated, illustrating their utility in cancer therapy, antibacterial properties, biosensing and drug delivery systems. This review emphasizes the importance of using green chemistry principles and natural resources to advance sustainable material development methods, as well as fully utilizing cubic spinel ferrites in various medicinal domains to enhance innovation and tackle global challenges in a sustainable way.","PeriodicalId":48790,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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