Background : Radionuclide ingestion has raised a global concern due to its radiological implication on man. Materials and Methods : Activity concentration of natural radionuclides ( 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K) in soil, leaf and fruit samples of mango plants from Akure, Nigeria has been estimated using gamma ray spectrometer NaI (Tl) detector. Spectra analyses were performed with the Genie2K spectrometry software, version 2.1 (Canberra industries Inc). Results : The mean activities concentration of 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th in soils were 469.72 ± 86.44, 25.17 ± 9.87 and 19.33 ± 6.98 Bq kg - 1 respectively. The mean activities concentration of 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th in leaves were 444.76 ± 89.10, 20.43 ± 7.47 and 17.23 ± 7.39 Bq kg - 1 respectively. The mean activities concentration of 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th in fruits were 439.54 ± 87.39, 18.96 ± 6.80 and 15.43 ± 5.64 Bq kg - 1 respectively. The mean total absorbed dose rate in air and the mean annual effective dose equivalent for soil sample were estimated at 39.37 ± 11.43 nGy h - 1 and 48.28 ± 14.01 µSv y - 1 . Conclusion : The mean radium equivalent, hazard indices and excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) through soil exposures are below the world average, but the mean annual effective dose equivalent and ELCR for different age groups, from radionuclide ingestion through mango consumption in the area are above the world average.
背景:放射性核素摄入因其对人体的放射性影响而引起全球关注。材料与方法:利用伽玛射线能谱NaI (Tl)探测器，测定了尼日利亚阿库雷芒果土壤、叶片和果实样品中天然放射性核素(226 Ra、232 Th和40 K)的活度浓度。光谱分析使用Genie2K光谱分析软件，版本2.1(堪培拉工业公司)。结果:土壤中40 K、226 Ra和232 Th的平均活性浓度分别为469.72±86.44、25.17±9.87和19.33±6.98 Bq kg - 1。40 K、226 Ra和232 Th在叶片中的平均活性浓度分别为444.76±89.10、20.43±7.47和17.23±7.39 Bq kg - 1。果实中40 K、226 Ra和232 Th的平均活性浓度分别为439.54±87.39、18.96±6.80和15.43±5.64 Bq kg - 1。空气中的平均总吸收剂量率和土壤样品的平均年有效剂量当量分别为39.37±11.43 nGy h - 1和48.28±14.01µSv y - 1。结论:该地区通过土壤暴露的平均镭当量、危害指数和终生癌症风险(ELCR)均低于世界平均水平，但通过芒果摄入放射性核素的不同年龄组的年平均有效剂量当量和ELCR均高于世界平均水平。
{"title":"Assessment of natural radioactivity in mango, the influence of soil radioactivity, its radiation hazard indices and the overall excess lifetime cancer risk","authors":"S. Ibikunle","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.33","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Radionuclide ingestion has raised a global concern due to its radiological implication on man. Materials and Methods : Activity concentration of natural radionuclides ( 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K) in soil, leaf and fruit samples of mango plants from Akure, Nigeria has been estimated using gamma ray spectrometer NaI (Tl) detector. Spectra analyses were performed with the Genie2K spectrometry software, version 2.1 (Canberra industries Inc). Results : The mean activities concentration of 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th in soils were 469.72 ± 86.44, 25.17 ± 9.87 and 19.33 ± 6.98 Bq kg - 1 respectively. The mean activities concentration of 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th in leaves were 444.76 ± 89.10, 20.43 ± 7.47 and 17.23 ± 7.39 Bq kg - 1 respectively. The mean activities concentration of 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th in fruits were 439.54 ± 87.39, 18.96 ± 6.80 and 15.43 ± 5.64 Bq kg - 1 respectively. The mean total absorbed dose rate in air and the mean annual effective dose equivalent for soil sample were estimated at 39.37 ± 11.43 nGy h - 1 and 48.28 ± 14.01 µSv y - 1 . Conclusion : The mean radium equivalent, hazard indices and excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) through soil exposures are below the world average, but the mean annual effective dose equivalent and ELCR for different age groups, from radionuclide ingestion through mango consumption in the area are above the world average.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73827147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Chen, Y. Shao, H. Wang, H. Gu, Y. Duan, A. Feng, Y. Huang, C. Chen, Z. Xu
Background : To investigate the performance of Auto - Planning intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans for patients with central lung cancer and to determine whether Auto - Planning improves the quality of IMRT plans. Materials and Methods : Thirty patients treated with IMRT for central lung cancer were replanned with the Pinnacle 3 Auto - Planning module. The dose distribution at the target, organ at risk (OAR) sparing, dose falloff in the five rings outside of target, monitor units (MUs), planning time, and dosimetric verification in terms of the γ passing rate were evaluated. A Wilcoxon signed - rank test was performed to assess differences between groups (p<0.05). Results : The target homogeneity in the Auto - Planning were significantly better than that in the manual plans, the target conformity in both groups were similar. The Auto - Planning plans yielded lower V 5 , V 10 , V 13 , V 20 , V 30 , V 40 values, mean lung dose of total lung (p<0.01), and D max of spinal cord (p<0.01) and V 30 of heart (p<0.01). No significant difference was found for the V 40 of the heart (p=0.203). The Auto - Planning module reduced the D mean , D 2 and D 5 values in all rings outside of PTV. The planning time was 52.5% shorter for Auto - Planning plans than for manual plans (p<0.01), and 4.4% additional MUs were required with Auto - Planning. No difference was observed for the γ passing rate. Conclusion : Auto - Planning for central lung cancer could improve homogeneity of target volumes, significantly delivery lower dose to OARs and steeper dose falloff outside of tumors while reducing the planning time.
{"title":"Do auto-planning intensity modulated radiotherapy treatment plans for central lung cancer have improved quality over manual plans?","authors":"H. Chen, Y. Shao, H. Wang, H. Gu, Y. Duan, A. Feng, Y. Huang, C. Chen, Z. Xu","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.35","url":null,"abstract":"Background : To investigate the performance of Auto - Planning intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans for patients with central lung cancer and to determine whether Auto - Planning improves the quality of IMRT plans. Materials and Methods : Thirty patients treated with IMRT for central lung cancer were replanned with the Pinnacle 3 Auto - Planning module. The dose distribution at the target, organ at risk (OAR) sparing, dose falloff in the five rings outside of target, monitor units (MUs), planning time, and dosimetric verification in terms of the γ passing rate were evaluated. A Wilcoxon signed - rank test was performed to assess differences between groups (p<0.05). Results : The target homogeneity in the Auto - Planning were significantly better than that in the manual plans, the target conformity in both groups were similar. The Auto - Planning plans yielded lower V 5 , V 10 , V 13 , V 20 , V 30 , V 40 values, mean lung dose of total lung (p<0.01), and D max of spinal cord (p<0.01) and V 30 of heart (p<0.01). No significant difference was found for the V 40 of the heart (p=0.203). The Auto - Planning module reduced the D mean , D 2 and D 5 values in all rings outside of PTV. The planning time was 52.5% shorter for Auto - Planning plans than for manual plans (p<0.01), and 4.4% additional MUs were required with Auto - Planning. No difference was observed for the γ passing rate. Conclusion : Auto - Planning for central lung cancer could improve homogeneity of target volumes, significantly delivery lower dose to OARs and steeper dose falloff outside of tumors while reducing the planning time.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73490001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ş. Parlar, G. Var, R. Coşar, M. Dogan, Y. Ozguven, D. Nurlu, M. CemUzal
Background : Cardiac disease is a documented risk factor in left breast irradiation. In an attempt to reduce cardiac toxicity, different treatment techniques adapted to respiratory cycle phases have been developed. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of the voluntary breath hold technique when irradiating the left breast in selected patients. Materials and Methods : The study included 20 patients with left sided breast cancer. For each patient, two computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired, one with the free breathing (FB) technique and one with the voluntary deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique. Treatment plans were created using a field in - field intensity - modulated radiation therapy technique. A dosimetric comparison was made between the two techniques for the heart, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, ipsilateral lung and contralateral breast. Results : The average of the mean dose of the heart decreased from 7.7 Gy to 5.8 Gy and V 20Gy (%) from 12.8% to 8.3% using the DIBH technique (p=0.009, p<0.001). The DIBH technique demonstrated significantly smaller maximum heart distance (2.0 cm vs. 0.9 cm, p < 0.001) and 8.0% reduction in LAD mean dose. Furthermore, D mean for the ipsilateral lung was reduced from 12.8 Gy to 12.2 Gy and V 20Gy (%) from 25.6% to 22.8%. Conclusions : In the treatment plans made using the DIBH technique, a significant reduction in the radiation dose delivered to the heart has been observed. In order to reduce long - term morbidity and mortality risks from cardiovascular disease affecting the survival of patients with left sided breast cancer, irradiation techniques such as the DIBH should be considered, especially for premenopausal patients.
背景:心脏疾病是左乳照射的危险因素之一。为了减少心脏毒性，不同的治疗技术适应呼吸周期阶段已经发展。本研究的目的是探讨自愿屏气技术在选定患者照射左乳房时的可行性。材料与方法:本研究纳入20例左侧乳腺癌患者。对每位患者进行两次计算机断层扫描(CT)，一次使用自由呼吸(FB)技术，一次使用自主深吸气屏气(DIBH)技术。治疗方案采用场内场强度调制放射治疗技术。对心脏、左前降支(LAD)冠状动脉、同侧肺和对侧乳房进行剂量学比较。结果:DIBH技术使心脏平均剂量从7.7 Gy降至5.8 Gy, v20gy(%)从12.8%降至8.3% (p=0.009, p<0.001)。DIBH技术显示最大心脏距离明显缩短(2.0 cm vs 0.9 cm, p < 0.001)， LAD平均剂量减少8.0%。同侧肺的D平均值从12.8 Gy降至12.2 Gy, v20gy(%)从25.6%降至22.8%。结论:在使用DIBH技术制定的治疗方案中，观察到传递到心脏的辐射剂量显著减少。为了降低影响左侧乳腺癌患者生存的心血管疾病的长期发病率和死亡率风险，应考虑采用DIBH等放射技术，特别是对绝经前患者。
{"title":"Investigation of cardiac and pulmonary doses in patients with left sided breast cancer treated by radiotherapy with deep inspiration breath hold technique","authors":"Ş. Parlar, G. Var, R. Coşar, M. Dogan, Y. Ozguven, D. Nurlu, M. CemUzal","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Cardiac disease is a documented risk factor in left breast irradiation. In an attempt to reduce cardiac toxicity, different treatment techniques adapted to respiratory cycle phases have been developed. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of the voluntary breath hold technique when irradiating the left breast in selected patients. Materials and Methods : The study included 20 patients with left sided breast cancer. For each patient, two computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired, one with the free breathing (FB) technique and one with the voluntary deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique. Treatment plans were created using a field in - field intensity - modulated radiation therapy technique. A dosimetric comparison was made between the two techniques for the heart, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, ipsilateral lung and contralateral breast. Results : The average of the mean dose of the heart decreased from 7.7 Gy to 5.8 Gy and V 20Gy (%) from 12.8% to 8.3% using the DIBH technique (p=0.009, p<0.001). The DIBH technique demonstrated significantly smaller maximum heart distance (2.0 cm vs. 0.9 cm, p < 0.001) and 8.0% reduction in LAD mean dose. Furthermore, D mean for the ipsilateral lung was reduced from 12.8 Gy to 12.2 Gy and V 20Gy (%) from 25.6% to 22.8%. Conclusions : In the treatment plans made using the DIBH technique, a significant reduction in the radiation dose delivered to the heart has been observed. In order to reduce long - term morbidity and mortality risks from cardiovascular disease affecting the survival of patients with left sided breast cancer, irradiation techniques such as the DIBH should be considered, especially for premenopausal patients.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79926120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : This study aims to perform quality control (QC) practices for setup reproducibility during radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using statistical process control (SPC) tools. Materials and Methods : A total of 480 fractional images from 48 NPC patients with the first 10 fractions of the treatment were collected. In QC practices, setup errors were described using the histogram and normal curve, cumulative frequencies of absolute setup errors and 3D Euclidean Distance (E u ) were analyzed; the X ̅ - S chart and process capability index (Cpk) with the variable E u were utilized to identify whether the outlier occurred and to evaluate the QC process. Results : The translational setup error distributions were almost normal in Lateral, Longitudinal and Vertical directions and were narrower in Lateral and Vertical directions. Vertical translational errors and E u with a larger magnitude sag appeared the most frequently. Between the couch sag and no sag, the E u mean of 7 to 7 NPC patients with the same 3 patients was out of control and the standard deviation of E u of nil to 2 patients was outlier based on the X ̅ - S chart, and the Cpk was 1.05 and 1.36 respectively, when the specification limit of translational errors was ±3 mm. Conclusion : Daily imaging is necessary to increase setup reproducibility for NPC patients and more measures should be taken to facilitate quality assurance procedures. SPC is better applied to QC practices depending on the reliable data and the acceptable tolerance levels in
{"title":"Statistical process control tools for setup reproducibility in quality control practices during nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy","authors":"S. Xu, Z. Li, J. Hu, J. Zhang","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background : This study aims to perform quality control (QC) practices for setup reproducibility during radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using statistical process control (SPC) tools. Materials and Methods : A total of 480 fractional images from 48 NPC patients with the first 10 fractions of the treatment were collected. In QC practices, setup errors were described using the histogram and normal curve, cumulative frequencies of absolute setup errors and 3D Euclidean Distance (E u ) were analyzed; the X ̅ - S chart and process capability index (Cpk) with the variable E u were utilized to identify whether the outlier occurred and to evaluate the QC process. Results : The translational setup error distributions were almost normal in Lateral, Longitudinal and Vertical directions and were narrower in Lateral and Vertical directions. Vertical translational errors and E u with a larger magnitude sag appeared the most frequently. Between the couch sag and no sag, the E u mean of 7 to 7 NPC patients with the same 3 patients was out of control and the standard deviation of E u of nil to 2 patients was outlier based on the X ̅ - S chart, and the Cpk was 1.05 and 1.36 respectively, when the specification limit of translational errors was ±3 mm. Conclusion : Daily imaging is necessary to increase setup reproducibility for NPC patients and more measures should be taken to facilitate quality assurance procedures. SPC is better applied to QC practices depending on the reliable data and the acceptable tolerance levels in","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90965222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : Modern treatment techniques such as Intensity - Modulated Radiotherapy(IMRT)or Volumetric - Modulated Arc Therapy(VMAT) are standard in practice; it is possible to obtain much better dose distributions using HYBRID plans generated applying these techniques together. Thus patient’s quality of life improves. Material and Methods : In this study, treatment plan is generated for 10 prostate patients who underwent primary prostate radiotherapy with 7 - field IMRT, double arc VMAT and HYBRID techniques. The prescribed treatment dose (78 Gray(Gy)) is defined as the isodose covering 95% of PTV. Results : The study results revealed better Planning Target Volume (PTV) dose coverage in the HYBRID plan than the other plans. At the same time, HYBRID plans were found to be significant in terms of heterogeneity index. It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in terms of fit index. Bladder and rectum V 50 doses were lower in HYBRID plans than IMRT plans. The mean doses of the right and left femoral heads and the penile bulb V 90 in HYBRID plans were statistically significant compared to the IMRT and VMAT plans. VMAT plans had a lower rate of Monitor Unit (MU) in the MU assessment than IMRT plans; however, the MU rate obtained in the HYBRID plan was lowest compared to IMRT and VMAT plans. Conclusion : It was concluded that the HYBRID method is suitable for routine clinical use together with IMRT and VMAT plans since more optimum results were obtained in HYBRID plans, especially in critical organ doses.
{"title":"Dosimetric comparison of IMRT, VMAT and HYBRID treatment methods in radical radiation therapy of prostate cancer","authors":"N. Ozturk, N. Ozbek, B. Depboylu","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Modern treatment techniques such as Intensity - Modulated Radiotherapy(IMRT)or Volumetric - Modulated Arc Therapy(VMAT) are standard in practice; it is possible to obtain much better dose distributions using HYBRID plans generated applying these techniques together. Thus patient’s quality of life improves. Material and Methods : In this study, treatment plan is generated for 10 prostate patients who underwent primary prostate radiotherapy with 7 - field IMRT, double arc VMAT and HYBRID techniques. The prescribed treatment dose (78 Gray(Gy)) is defined as the isodose covering 95% of PTV. Results : The study results revealed better Planning Target Volume (PTV) dose coverage in the HYBRID plan than the other plans. At the same time, HYBRID plans were found to be significant in terms of heterogeneity index. It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in terms of fit index. Bladder and rectum V 50 doses were lower in HYBRID plans than IMRT plans. The mean doses of the right and left femoral heads and the penile bulb V 90 in HYBRID plans were statistically significant compared to the IMRT and VMAT plans. VMAT plans had a lower rate of Monitor Unit (MU) in the MU assessment than IMRT plans; however, the MU rate obtained in the HYBRID plan was lowest compared to IMRT and VMAT plans. Conclusion : It was concluded that the HYBRID method is suitable for routine clinical use together with IMRT and VMAT plans since more optimum results were obtained in HYBRID plans, especially in critical organ doses.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89877980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.A. Ali Bukhari, A. Jabbar, M. Basharat, S. Ur Rahman, M. Rafique
Background : Geological materials usually contain trace amounts of radioactive materials and may serve as a natural source of background radiation exposure to the general public. This study presents results of radiometric and radon exhalation rate (RER) analysis of 28, export quality marble samples taken from various quarries of Gahirat Chitral area. Materials and Methods : The marble specimens were investigated using gamma spectroscopy by HPGe detector. Samples were also analyzed for radon exhalation rate using closed CAN technique. Results and Discussion : The mean values of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K were found as 31.598 ± 0.989, 1.529 ± 0.308 and 5.273 ± 1.593Bqkg - 1 respectively. Average value of Ra eq was estimated as 34.19±1.55 Bqkg - 1 . Radiation risk parameters viz. internal (H in ), external (H ex ), alpha (I α ) and gamma (I γ ) hazard indices were estimated and found less than unity value. The values for effective indoor (Ḋ in ) and outdoor gamma dose rates (Ḋ out ) due to the contents of primordial radionuclides were also estimated. The contribution of radon towards radiation exposure was assessed by estimating RER, which was found in the range (1.01±0.07 to 9.67±0.27) ×10 - 2 Bqm - 2 h - 1 with mean value of (5.84±0.002) ×10 - 2 Bqm - 2 h - 1 . Conclusion : The surface radon exhalation rate values estimated in the current study were found smaller than as reported for many other countries. The results obtained for gamma emitting radionuclides have been compared with the data available in the literature. Measurements shows that marble samples investigated have low concentrations of radionuclides and uses of marbles in dwellings do not pose significant threat to the inhabitants.
背景:地质材料通常含有微量的放射性物质，可能是公众接触本底辐射的天然来源。本研究介绍了从Gahirat Chitral地区不同采石场采集的28,000个出口质量大理石样品的辐射测量和氡呼气率(RER)分析结果。材料与方法:采用HPGe能谱仪对大理岩试样进行了研究。采用密闭CAN技术分析样品的氡呼出率。结果与讨论:226 Ra、232 Th和40 K的平均值分别为31.598±0.989、1.529±0.308和5.273±1.593Bqkg - 1。Ra eq平均值为34.19±1.55 Bqkg - 1。辐射风险参数即内部(H in)、外部(H ex)、α (I α)和γ (I γ)危害指数均小于单位值。还估计了由于原始放射性核素含量而产生的有效室内(Ḋ in)和室外伽马剂量率(Ḋ out)的值。氡对辐射暴露的贡献通过估算RER来评价，RER在(1.01±0.07 ~ 9.67±0.27)×10 - 2 Bqm - 2 h - 1范围内，平均值为(5.84±0.002)×10 - 2 Bqm - 2 h - 1。结论:目前研究估计的地表氡呼出率值比许多其他国家报告的值要小。对发射伽马的放射性核素所得到的结果已与文献中现有的数据进行了比较。测量结果表明，所调查的大理石样品的放射性核素浓度很低，在住宅中使用大理石不会对居民构成重大威胁。
{"title":"Radiometric and radon exhalation rate analysis of Gahirat marble, Chitral Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"S.A. Ali Bukhari, A. Jabbar, M. Basharat, S. Ur Rahman, M. Rafique","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.32","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Geological materials usually contain trace amounts of radioactive materials and may serve as a natural source of background radiation exposure to the general public. This study presents results of radiometric and radon exhalation rate (RER) analysis of 28, export quality marble samples taken from various quarries of Gahirat Chitral area. Materials and Methods : The marble specimens were investigated using gamma spectroscopy by HPGe detector. Samples were also analyzed for radon exhalation rate using closed CAN technique. Results and Discussion : The mean values of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K were found as 31.598 ± 0.989, 1.529 ± 0.308 and 5.273 ± 1.593Bqkg - 1 respectively. Average value of Ra eq was estimated as 34.19±1.55 Bqkg - 1 . Radiation risk parameters viz. internal (H in ), external (H ex ), alpha (I α ) and gamma (I γ ) hazard indices were estimated and found less than unity value. The values for effective indoor (Ḋ in ) and outdoor gamma dose rates (Ḋ out ) due to the contents of primordial radionuclides were also estimated. The contribution of radon towards radiation exposure was assessed by estimating RER, which was found in the range (1.01±0.07 to 9.67±0.27) ×10 - 2 Bqm - 2 h - 1 with mean value of (5.84±0.002) ×10 - 2 Bqm - 2 h - 1 . Conclusion : The surface radon exhalation rate values estimated in the current study were found smaller than as reported for many other countries. The results obtained for gamma emitting radionuclides have been compared with the data available in the literature. Measurements shows that marble samples investigated have low concentrations of radionuclides and uses of marbles in dwellings do not pose significant threat to the inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87460802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID - 19) is a pandemic and increasing rapidly as a global health emergency which is caused by SARS - CoV - 2 virus. The real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test (RT - PCR test) is considered as a gold standard method for diagnosing (COVID - 19). However, the test has some limitations as it is not universally available, turnaround times can be lengthy, and reported sensitivities vary The aim of the study was to describe the imaging features of thorax computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing COVID - 19. Materials and Methods : In this retrospective study, 36 patients were recruited from the emergency room and outpatient settings at a tertiary - care hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Thorax CT was done and correlated with clinical findings to diagnose COVID - 19. Results : A total of 36 of 41 patients were screened for thorax CT and were confirmed as COVID - 19. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the age - distribution and gender for clinical and radiological findings. Conclusions : Thorax CT with clinical findings should be preferred as early diagnosis of COVID - 19 and follow - up period.
{"title":"Is it possible to diagnose COVID-19 by performing only thorax CT and clinical findings?","authors":"A. Mert, A. Kaptanoğlu","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.26","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID - 19) is a pandemic and increasing rapidly as a global health emergency which is caused by SARS - CoV - 2 virus. The real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test (RT - PCR test) is considered as a gold standard method for diagnosing (COVID - 19). However, the test has some limitations as it is not universally available, turnaround times can be lengthy, and reported sensitivities vary The aim of the study was to describe the imaging features of thorax computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing COVID - 19. Materials and Methods : In this retrospective study, 36 patients were recruited from the emergency room and outpatient settings at a tertiary - care hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Thorax CT was done and correlated with clinical findings to diagnose COVID - 19. Results : A total of 36 of 41 patients were screened for thorax CT and were confirmed as COVID - 19. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the age - distribution and gender for clinical and radiological findings. Conclusions : Thorax CT with clinical findings should be preferred as early diagnosis of COVID - 19 and follow - up period.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75560058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Soonthornrak, N. Amornwichet, K. Shotelersuk, K. Saksornchai
Background : Hypofractionation radiotherapy (HFx) following breast - conserving surgery (BCS) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been shown to be safe in many retrospective studies. In this paper, we report our data and assess those outcomes to support the use of HFx in DCIS. Material and Methods : All patients with DCIS after BCS were treated with 4250cGy in 16 fractions to whole breast with tumor bed boost 1000cGy in 4 fractions. The toxicity was evaluated using CTCAE v.5.0. On the last day of radiation (day 0) then 1 and 6 months post radiation. The cosmesis was evaluated at 6 months. Results : Between July 2018 and December 2019 at our center, 33 patients were analyzed with a median follow up of 7.3 months. No toxicity of more than grade2 occurred. At day 0 and 1 month after radiation, 89% and 85% of patients had grade1 dermatitis and hyperpigmentation, respectively. For induration, 33% had grade1 at day 0, 29% at 1 month, and 44.8% at 6 months. Only 3% had grade2 induration at 1 month. In addition, 67% of the subjects had grade1 pruritus and 37% had grade1 pain at day0. Radiation oncologists assessed good - to - excellent cosmesis in 93% of these patients, while the 96.6% of patients self - evaluated as good to excellent without impact on their self - confidence. Conclusion : This prospective trial showed that HFx can be safely used in DCIS with no more than grade2 skin toxicity and good to excellent cosmesis.
{"title":"Toxicity and cosmetic outcome in hypofractionated radiation therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ after breast-conserving surgery: a preliminary report","authors":"J. Soonthornrak, N. Amornwichet, K. Shotelersuk, K. Saksornchai","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Hypofractionation radiotherapy (HFx) following breast - conserving surgery (BCS) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been shown to be safe in many retrospective studies. In this paper, we report our data and assess those outcomes to support the use of HFx in DCIS. Material and Methods : All patients with DCIS after BCS were treated with 4250cGy in 16 fractions to whole breast with tumor bed boost 1000cGy in 4 fractions. The toxicity was evaluated using CTCAE v.5.0. On the last day of radiation (day 0) then 1 and 6 months post radiation. The cosmesis was evaluated at 6 months. Results : Between July 2018 and December 2019 at our center, 33 patients were analyzed with a median follow up of 7.3 months. No toxicity of more than grade2 occurred. At day 0 and 1 month after radiation, 89% and 85% of patients had grade1 dermatitis and hyperpigmentation, respectively. For induration, 33% had grade1 at day 0, 29% at 1 month, and 44.8% at 6 months. Only 3% had grade2 induration at 1 month. In addition, 67% of the subjects had grade1 pruritus and 37% had grade1 pain at day0. Radiation oncologists assessed good - to - excellent cosmesis in 93% of these patients, while the 96.6% of patients self - evaluated as good to excellent without impact on their self - confidence. Conclusion : This prospective trial showed that HFx can be safely used in DCIS with no more than grade2 skin toxicity and good to excellent cosmesis.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77531862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bagherzadeh, D. Shahbazi-Gahrouei, F. Torabinezhad, S. Rabi Mahdavi, S. Salmanian
Background : Factors affecting the patient’s voice and Quality of Life (QOL) by means of Persian Voice Handicap Index (VHI) are important in non - laryngeal Head and Neck Cancers (HNCs) following (chemo)radiation therapy. This study aimed to investigate the vocal problems caused by (chemo)radiation therapy among Iranian patients with non - laryngeal HNCs and to evaluate the factors affecting the patient’s voice QOL by means of Persian VHI. Material and Methods : Seventy patients with non - laryngeal Head and Neck Cancers (HNCs) were treated by radiation therapy, and eighty individuals with normal voice were considered. Acoustic analysis and self - assessment with the Persian VHI questionnaire were performed before, during, and 6 months after the treatment. Normal subjects were tested once. Changes in the acoustic parameters and VHI questionnaire scores over the time and their correlation was assessed using statistical analysis. The effect of important factors on the patient’s voice and QOL in different groups was investigated. Results : The results showed that the acoustic parameters except mean F0, and questionnaire data deteriorated significantly ( P < 0.001) during the treatment and improved at the final assessment, but not to the initial level. There was a significant relationship between some of the acoustic parameters and subgroups of the VHI questionnaire at the end and 6 months after treatment. Chemotherapy, mean laryngeal dose and smoking were factors that affecting the patient’s QOL. Conclusions : Radiation dose in non - laryngeal tumor in HNCs causes laryngeal damage and vocal problems. Acoustic analysis and Persian VHI questionnaire were two valuable methods in evaluating the patients’ voice and QOL. Radiation dose, chemotherapy and smoking greatly impact the aggravation of vocal problems.
{"title":"The effects of (chemo) radiation therapy on the voice and quality of life in patients with non-laryngeal head and neck cancers: a subjective and objective assessment","authors":"S. Bagherzadeh, D. Shahbazi-Gahrouei, F. Torabinezhad, S. Rabi Mahdavi, S. Salmanian","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Factors affecting the patient’s voice and Quality of Life (QOL) by means of Persian Voice Handicap Index (VHI) are important in non - laryngeal Head and Neck Cancers (HNCs) following (chemo)radiation therapy. This study aimed to investigate the vocal problems caused by (chemo)radiation therapy among Iranian patients with non - laryngeal HNCs and to evaluate the factors affecting the patient’s voice QOL by means of Persian VHI. Material and Methods : Seventy patients with non - laryngeal Head and Neck Cancers (HNCs) were treated by radiation therapy, and eighty individuals with normal voice were considered. Acoustic analysis and self - assessment with the Persian VHI questionnaire were performed before, during, and 6 months after the treatment. Normal subjects were tested once. Changes in the acoustic parameters and VHI questionnaire scores over the time and their correlation was assessed using statistical analysis. The effect of important factors on the patient’s voice and QOL in different groups was investigated. Results : The results showed that the acoustic parameters except mean F0, and questionnaire data deteriorated significantly ( P < 0.001) during the treatment and improved at the final assessment, but not to the initial level. There was a significant relationship between some of the acoustic parameters and subgroups of the VHI questionnaire at the end and 6 months after treatment. Chemotherapy, mean laryngeal dose and smoking were factors that affecting the patient’s QOL. Conclusions : Radiation dose in non - laryngeal tumor in HNCs causes laryngeal damage and vocal problems. Acoustic analysis and Persian VHI questionnaire were two valuable methods in evaluating the patients’ voice and QOL. Radiation dose, chemotherapy and smoking greatly impact the aggravation of vocal problems.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73168669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : Often diagnosed at late stages, ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of global cancer death. Major therapeutic choices include debugging surgery followed by chemotherapy and adjuvant therapy. Bevacizumab is an anti - VEGF medication used to treat various malignancies such as colorectal, lung, and renal cancer. The combination therapy of bevacizumab with other platinum - based medications has proved promising. Thus, researchers sought to evaluate the clinical efficacy of intraperitoneal bevacizumab combined with intravenous paclitaxel and cis platinum and their subsequent effect on blood levels of VEGF, MIF, and CA125. Materials and Methods : Ninety patients diagnosed with late - stage ovarian cancer were enrolled. Patients were divided into control and experimental groups receiving intravenous and combination chemotherapy, respectively. Clinical efficacy and alterations in tumor markers blood levels were afterward compared between the two groups. Results : Combination therapy elicited significantly higher response and total effectiveness rates with a p - value of 0.015 and 0.002, respectively. Both treatments significantly decreased tumor markers blood levels (p - value<0.05), however, combination therapy significantly induced a more profound reduction (p - value<0.01). Conclusion : Intraperitoneal bevacizumab combination therapy with intravenous paclitaxel and cis - platinum is superior to intravenous chemotherapy alone in treating late - stage ovarian cancer and increases 1 - and 2 - year survival rates.
{"title":"Clinical efficacy of peritoneal perfusion of bevacizumab in combination with venous chemotherapy of paclitaxel and Cis-platinum on the late-stage ovarian cancer and the effect on levels of VEGF, MIF, HE4 and CA125","authors":"H. Chen, Q. Jiang, Y. Yin","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Often diagnosed at late stages, ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of global cancer death. Major therapeutic choices include debugging surgery followed by chemotherapy and adjuvant therapy. Bevacizumab is an anti - VEGF medication used to treat various malignancies such as colorectal, lung, and renal cancer. The combination therapy of bevacizumab with other platinum - based medications has proved promising. Thus, researchers sought to evaluate the clinical efficacy of intraperitoneal bevacizumab combined with intravenous paclitaxel and cis platinum and their subsequent effect on blood levels of VEGF, MIF, and CA125. Materials and Methods : Ninety patients diagnosed with late - stage ovarian cancer were enrolled. Patients were divided into control and experimental groups receiving intravenous and combination chemotherapy, respectively. Clinical efficacy and alterations in tumor markers blood levels were afterward compared between the two groups. Results : Combination therapy elicited significantly higher response and total effectiveness rates with a p - value of 0.015 and 0.002, respectively. Both treatments significantly decreased tumor markers blood levels (p - value<0.05), however, combination therapy significantly induced a more profound reduction (p - value<0.01). Conclusion : Intraperitoneal bevacizumab combination therapy with intravenous paclitaxel and cis - platinum is superior to intravenous chemotherapy alone in treating late - stage ovarian cancer and increases 1 - and 2 - year survival rates.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84340537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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