X. Hu, C. Peng, C. Yang, J. Zheng, P. Wang, Jiong Cai
Background : Ewing's sarcoma/primary neuroectodermal tumors (EWs/PNETs) originating in the kidney have been rarely reported. To date, EWs/PNETs have not been demonstrated to have specific clinical characteristics and imaging findings. Case Presentation : A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain following minor trauma. The patient underwent CT examination on the doctor's recommendation, which revealed contusion of the left kidney and the possibility of a space-occupying lesion in the lower pole of the left kidney. Hence, laparotomy was performed at our hospital, followed by excision of the left kidney, tumor detection and removal of hematoma. The pathological diagnosis was left kidney EWs/PNET with hemorrhagic infarction. Postoperatively, the patient did not receive radiotherapy or chemotherapy. After three months, the patient returned to the hospital for Positron Emission Topography (PET)/CT examination, and no obvious signs of tumor recurrence and metastasis were found all over the body. To date, the patient has been followed-up for 15 months, and remains alive and healthy. Conclusion : EWs/PNETs are highly invasive tumors, with frequent distant metastasis at diagnosis. Hence, early diagnosis and surgical removal of tumor tissue is critical for the prognosis of patients. CT can be used as the primary auxiliary examination of primary renal EWs/PNET. Cystic necrosis is found in the tumor tissue on the CT image. Moreover, cystic necrosis located around the tumor and septal enhancement are observed on the CT enhanced scan, which is helpful for the diagnosis of primary renal EWs/PNET.
{"title":"Computed tomography and clinical features of Ewing's sarcoma/primary neuroectodermal tumors of the kidney: A case report and literature review","authors":"X. Hu, C. Peng, C. Yang, J. Zheng, P. Wang, Jiong Cai","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.37","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Ewing's sarcoma/primary neuroectodermal tumors (EWs/PNETs) originating in the kidney have been rarely reported. To date, EWs/PNETs have not been demonstrated to have specific clinical characteristics and imaging findings. Case Presentation : A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain following minor trauma. The patient underwent CT examination on the doctor's recommendation, which revealed contusion of the left kidney and the possibility of a space-occupying lesion in the lower pole of the left kidney. Hence, laparotomy was performed at our hospital, followed by excision of the left kidney, tumor detection and removal of hematoma. The pathological diagnosis was left kidney EWs/PNET with hemorrhagic infarction. Postoperatively, the patient did not receive radiotherapy or chemotherapy. After three months, the patient returned to the hospital for Positron Emission Topography (PET)/CT examination, and no obvious signs of tumor recurrence and metastasis were found all over the body. To date, the patient has been followed-up for 15 months, and remains alive and healthy. Conclusion : EWs/PNETs are highly invasive tumors, with frequent distant metastasis at diagnosis. Hence, early diagnosis and surgical removal of tumor tissue is critical for the prognosis of patients. CT can be used as the primary auxiliary examination of primary renal EWs/PNET. Cystic necrosis is found in the tumor tissue on the CT image. Moreover, cystic necrosis located around the tumor and septal enhancement are observed on the CT enhanced scan, which is helpful for the diagnosis of primary renal EWs/PNET.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88094992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Ma, L.L. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Ma, We.W. Zhang, Jianfeng He, G. Huang, L. Zhao, J. Ren, Z. Shi
Background : To differentiate prostate cancer and benignprostatichyperplasia by WAHPP (the whole lesion histogram analysis of the pharmacokineticparameters) of dynamic contrast - enhancedMRI (DCE - MRI). Materials and Methods : Totally 62 patients with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) (> 4 ng/ml) were grouped as prostate cancer (PCa) group (n=33) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) group (n=29) based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) - guided random biopsy diagnosis and their WAHPP - K trans (constant is transferred from the blood plasma to the extracellular extravascular (EE) space), K ep (back into blood plasma at a steady rate from EE space), V e (EE volume fraction) and V p (fractional blood plasma volume) were compared. Results : WHAPP shows the 5th percentile and entropy of K trans, 5 th /10 th /25 th /50 th /75 th /90 th /95 th percentiles, mean value and entropy of K ep , 5 th percentile and uniformity of V e , 5 th /10 th /25 th /50 th /75 th percentiles, V p had a considerably greater mean value and entropy in PCa than in BPH (p0.05). The 90th percentile of Kep's maximum AUC (area under the curve) was 0.764, according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study, the Youden index 0.5507, the sensitivity 75.76%, and the specificity 79.31%. Conclusion : K trans , K ep , and V e of WHAPP canbe used to quantify prostate DCE - MRI. The 90 th percentile of K ep possibly will be the best indicator for the differential diagnosis of malignant and BPH.
{"title":"Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI Pharmacokinetic parameter histogram analysis in diagnosis of malignant prostatic lesions","authors":"X. Ma, L.L. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Ma, We.W. Zhang, Jianfeng He, G. Huang, L. Zhao, J. Ren, Z. Shi","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.34","url":null,"abstract":"Background : To differentiate prostate cancer and benignprostatichyperplasia by WAHPP (the whole lesion histogram analysis of the pharmacokineticparameters) of dynamic contrast - enhancedMRI (DCE - MRI). Materials and Methods : Totally 62 patients with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) (> 4 ng/ml) were grouped as prostate cancer (PCa) group (n=33) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) group (n=29) based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) - guided random biopsy diagnosis and their WAHPP - K trans (constant is transferred from the blood plasma to the extracellular extravascular (EE) space), K ep (back into blood plasma at a steady rate from EE space), V e (EE volume fraction) and V p (fractional blood plasma volume) were compared. Results : WHAPP shows the 5th percentile and entropy of K trans, 5 th /10 th /25 th /50 th /75 th /90 th /95 th percentiles, mean value and entropy of K ep , 5 th percentile and uniformity of V e , 5 th /10 th /25 th /50 th /75 th percentiles, V p had a considerably greater mean value and entropy in PCa than in BPH (p0.05). The 90th percentile of Kep's maximum AUC (area under the curve) was 0.764, according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study, the Youden index 0.5507, the sensitivity 75.76%, and the specificity 79.31%. Conclusion : K trans , K ep , and V e of WHAPP canbe used to quantify prostate DCE - MRI. The 90 th percentile of K ep possibly will be the best indicator for the differential diagnosis of malignant and BPH.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81130039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : To determine the patterns of recurrence, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in stage I-II lip cancer. Materials and Methods : A retrospective review was made of the data of 74 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip between 2000 and 2009. Results : In all, 44 of the patients had stage I disease and 30 had stage II disease. Surgery was performed on the primary tumor in all patients, 15 received adjuvant radiotherapy and 23 underwent elective neck therapy. Recurrence occurred in 23 (31%) of the patients, with a mean time from surgery to relapse of 23 months. The frequency of nodal recurrence increased as tumor stage and depth increased. Adjuvant radiotherapy and neck dissection or elective radiotherapy decreased the risk of recurrence in tumors with depths of over 0.5 cm, with positive or close margins, and with perineural invasion. The median overall survival (OS) was 120 months and the median disease-free survival (DFS) was 83 months. A univariate analysis revealed tumor stage and depth, adjuvant radiotherapy, and neck treatment (lymphatic dissection + nodal irradiation) to affect DFS, while a multivariate analysis showed that elective neck radiotherapy improved DFS. Conclusion : Greater tumor stage and depth increase the risk of nodal recurrence in early-stage lip cancer, although the frequency of recurrence is decreased in such patients if treated with elective neck dissection and/or postoperative radiotherapy.
{"title":"Factors affecting the recurrence of early-stage lip cancer","authors":"F. Tugrul, N. Isik, G. Yaprak","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background : To determine the patterns of recurrence, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in stage I-II lip cancer. Materials and Methods : A retrospective review was made of the data of 74 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip between 2000 and 2009. Results : In all, 44 of the patients had stage I disease and 30 had stage II disease. Surgery was performed on the primary tumor in all patients, 15 received adjuvant radiotherapy and 23 underwent elective neck therapy. Recurrence occurred in 23 (31%) of the patients, with a mean time from surgery to relapse of 23 months. The frequency of nodal recurrence increased as tumor stage and depth increased. Adjuvant radiotherapy and neck dissection or elective radiotherapy decreased the risk of recurrence in tumors with depths of over 0.5 cm, with positive or close margins, and with perineural invasion. The median overall survival (OS) was 120 months and the median disease-free survival (DFS) was 83 months. A univariate analysis revealed tumor stage and depth, adjuvant radiotherapy, and neck treatment (lymphatic dissection + nodal irradiation) to affect DFS, while a multivariate analysis showed that elective neck radiotherapy improved DFS. Conclusion : Greater tumor stage and depth increase the risk of nodal recurrence in early-stage lip cancer, although the frequency of recurrence is decreased in such patients if treated with elective neck dissection and/or postoperative radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78791639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylvanus A. Onjefu, N. N. Johannes, J. Abah, L. A. Onjefu, S. Mwiya
Background : Most parts of the Erongo region of Namibia have shown high background radiation. The aim and objective of this study is to determine the natural radioactivity levels and evaluate the radiological hazards in Usakos marble dome in the Erongo region. Materials and Methods : A high purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used in this study to measure the activity concentrations 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K in marble samples from 20 different points in Usakos marble dome in the Erongo region, Namibia. Result : The mean activity concentrations were found in the range of 0.37 to 339.60 Bq kg - 1 for 226 Ra, 0.20 to 210.30 Bq kg - 1 for 232 Th, and 2.96 to 928.70 Bq kg - 1 for 40 K, respectively. The activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K were used to estimate values of radium equivalent activity (Ra eq ), Absorbed dose rate (Dr), internal and external hazard indices (H ex & H in ) and the activity utilization index (I γ ). The calculated mean values were Ra eq (226.75 Bq kg - 1 ), (Dr) (102.99 nGyh - 1 ), H ex (0.61), H in (0.95) and I γ (1.59). Conclusion : From a radiological point, the results of (Dr) and (I γ ) were found above the world recommended average and the performed correlation analysis showed strong positive correlation amongst 232 Th and 226 Ra, which confirms these radionuclides as the main contributors to gamma radiation in the Usakos marble dome. The high activity concentrations at some sampling points higher than the world average value pose possible radiological hazards for the marble samples usage for building materials.
背景:纳米比亚埃隆戈地区的大部分地区显示出高本底辐射。本研究的目的和目的是确定Erongo地区Usakos大理石圆顶的天然放射性水平并评估其辐射危害。材料与方法:采用高纯锗(HPGe)探测器，测定了纳米比亚Erongo地区Usakos大理石圆顶20个不同地点的大理石样品中226 Ra、232 Th和40 K的活度浓度。结果:226 Ra、232 Th和40 K的平均活性浓度分别为0.37 ~ 339.60 Bq kg - 1、0.20 ~ 210.30 Bq kg - 1和2.96 ~ 928.70 Bq kg - 1。用226 Ra、232 Th和40 K的活度浓度估算镭当量活度(Ra eq)、吸收剂量率(Dr)、内外危害指数(H ex & H in)和活度利用指数(I γ)。计算的平均值为Ra eq (226.75 Bq kg - 1)、Dr (102.99 nGyh - 1)、hex(0.61)、hin(0.95)和I γ(1.59)。结论:从放射学的角度来看，(Dr)和(I γ)的结果高于世界推荐的平均水平，所进行的相关分析显示232 Th和226 Ra之间存在很强的正相关，这证实了这些放射性核素是Usakos大理石圆顶伽马辐射的主要来源。部分采样点的高活度浓度高于世界平均值，可能对建筑材料用大理石样品造成辐射危害。
{"title":"Natural radioactivity levels and evaluation of radiological hazards in Usakos marble, Erongo region, Namibia","authors":"Sylvanus A. Onjefu, N. N. Johannes, J. Abah, L. A. Onjefu, S. Mwiya","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Most parts of the Erongo region of Namibia have shown high background radiation. The aim and objective of this study is to determine the natural radioactivity levels and evaluate the radiological hazards in Usakos marble dome in the Erongo region. Materials and Methods : A high purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used in this study to measure the activity concentrations 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K in marble samples from 20 different points in Usakos marble dome in the Erongo region, Namibia. Result : The mean activity concentrations were found in the range of 0.37 to 339.60 Bq kg - 1 for 226 Ra, 0.20 to 210.30 Bq kg - 1 for 232 Th, and 2.96 to 928.70 Bq kg - 1 for 40 K, respectively. The activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K were used to estimate values of radium equivalent activity (Ra eq ), Absorbed dose rate (Dr), internal and external hazard indices (H ex & H in ) and the activity utilization index (I γ ). The calculated mean values were Ra eq (226.75 Bq kg - 1 ), (Dr) (102.99 nGyh - 1 ), H ex (0.61), H in (0.95) and I γ (1.59). Conclusion : From a radiological point, the results of (Dr) and (I γ ) were found above the world recommended average and the performed correlation analysis showed strong positive correlation amongst 232 Th and 226 Ra, which confirms these radionuclides as the main contributors to gamma radiation in the Usakos marble dome. The high activity concentrations at some sampling points higher than the world average value pose possible radiological hazards for the marble samples usage for building materials.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78042117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Qin, L. Wang, J. Du, J.J. Li, Q. Qu, H. Yan, Q. Dong, H. Zhang
Bladder pheochromocytoma, as a rare bladder tumor, which originated from the chromaffin tissue of the sympathetic nervous system. It is difficult to distinguish from other non - epithelial tumors on imaging. This study reported a 31 - year - old female, whose physical examination revealed a bladder mass for 50 days. The patient’s main clinical symptoms included sudden headache, dizziness, increased blood pressure, and chest palpitations after intermittent micturition. However, laboratory tests showed that the 24 - hour urine catecholamine levels (norepinephrine, vanillylmandelic acid [VMA] and metanephrine) were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass in the posterior bladder wall, the typical performance is“light - bulb” bright lesion on T2 - weighted imaging. The mass was surgically excised, and histopathological examination revealed that it was a pheochromocytoma. During the first 3 - month of postoperative follow - up, the patient’s symptoms gradually subsided. To our knowledge, this is the first case reporting on the use of MRI imaging and specific image features of this rare bladder pheochromocytoma. Due to the better soft tissue resolution and multi - parameter on MRI, changes in the size and internal signal of the lesion can be clearly displayed. Thus, MRI is an indispensable tool in tumor diagnosis and prognosis assessment.
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of bladder pheochromocytoma: A case report","authors":"D. Qin, L. Wang, J. Du, J.J. Li, Q. Qu, H. Yan, Q. Dong, H. Zhang","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.38","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder pheochromocytoma, as a rare bladder tumor, which originated from the chromaffin tissue of the sympathetic nervous system. It is difficult to distinguish from other non - epithelial tumors on imaging. This study reported a 31 - year - old female, whose physical examination revealed a bladder mass for 50 days. The patient’s main clinical symptoms included sudden headache, dizziness, increased blood pressure, and chest palpitations after intermittent micturition. However, laboratory tests showed that the 24 - hour urine catecholamine levels (norepinephrine, vanillylmandelic acid [VMA] and metanephrine) were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass in the posterior bladder wall, the typical performance is“light - bulb” bright lesion on T2 - weighted imaging. The mass was surgically excised, and histopathological examination revealed that it was a pheochromocytoma. During the first 3 - month of postoperative follow - up, the patient’s symptoms gradually subsided. To our knowledge, this is the first case reporting on the use of MRI imaging and specific image features of this rare bladder pheochromocytoma. Due to the better soft tissue resolution and multi - parameter on MRI, changes in the size and internal signal of the lesion can be clearly displayed. Thus, MRI is an indispensable tool in tumor diagnosis and prognosis assessment.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82688973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : Various developed intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and a three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D - CRT) protocols were assessed for treating nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) based on radiobiological parameters. Materials and Methods : Treatment plans were made for 30 NPC patients using 15 developed IMRT and 3D - CRT protocols. The IMRT protocols comprised of three 7 - fields with various collimator (0°, 5°, and 10°) and couch (0°, 4°, 8°, 12°) angles. The 3D - CRT technique included two phases. In the 1st phase a dose of 60 Gy was prescribed to the total PTV, but in the 2nd phase a dose of 10 Gy was prescribed to the PTV - 70. The tumour control probability (TCP), normal tissues complication probability (NTCP), and complication - free tumor control probability (P+) parameters were estimated for assessing the IMRT protocols. Then, the ideal protocol (s) were proposed through comparing the IMRT protocols with each other and 3D - CRT protocol based on TCP, NTCP, and P+ values. Results : The IMRT protocol with 10° collimator and 8° couch angles had the lowest NTCP mean values. Significant differences were observed among the mean NTCP values for the brainstem and parotid glands, and P+ of the developed IMRT and 3D - CRT protocols. However, no significant differences were observed among the mean NTCP values for the spinal cord, optic chiasm and optic nerves among the protocols. Conclusions : The 3D - CRT protocol had a good outcome for the NPC patients having a lower common volume between their total planning target volume and OARs, while the results of the IMRT showed the opposite .
{"title":"Assessment of developed IMRT and 3D-CRT planning protocols for treating nasopharyngeal cancer patients based on the target and organs at risks common volumes","authors":"G. Sharbo, B. Hashemi, M. Bakhshandeh, A. Rakhsha","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Various developed intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and a three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D - CRT) protocols were assessed for treating nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) based on radiobiological parameters. Materials and Methods : Treatment plans were made for 30 NPC patients using 15 developed IMRT and 3D - CRT protocols. The IMRT protocols comprised of three 7 - fields with various collimator (0°, 5°, and 10°) and couch (0°, 4°, 8°, 12°) angles. The 3D - CRT technique included two phases. In the 1st phase a dose of 60 Gy was prescribed to the total PTV, but in the 2nd phase a dose of 10 Gy was prescribed to the PTV - 70. The tumour control probability (TCP), normal tissues complication probability (NTCP), and complication - free tumor control probability (P+) parameters were estimated for assessing the IMRT protocols. Then, the ideal protocol (s) were proposed through comparing the IMRT protocols with each other and 3D - CRT protocol based on TCP, NTCP, and P+ values. Results : The IMRT protocol with 10° collimator and 8° couch angles had the lowest NTCP mean values. Significant differences were observed among the mean NTCP values for the brainstem and parotid glands, and P+ of the developed IMRT and 3D - CRT protocols. However, no significant differences were observed among the mean NTCP values for the spinal cord, optic chiasm and optic nerves among the protocols. Conclusions : The 3D - CRT protocol had a good outcome for the NPC patients having a lower common volume between their total planning target volume and OARs, while the results of the IMRT showed the opposite .","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"20 Suppl 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78167841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. D. Dubatolova, G. Ritter, A. Proskurina, P. Kisaretova, V. Nikolin, N. Popova, V. Ruzanova, O. Taranov, N. Kolchanov, S. Bogachev
Background : In our recent studies, yeast double - stranded RNA showed radioprotective effect in mice exposed to 9.4 Gy of gamma radiation. The current work continues our inquiry and describes the changes in the number and morphology of blood cells in mice injected with double - stranded RNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae prior to gamma irradiation. To be capable of estimating the required parameters, we have used 8 Gy of radiation, which allowed mice to survive for up to 37 days (LD60/30). Materials and Methods : Animals received single intravenous injections of one of the following compounds: (1) 7 mg of total RNA isolated from baking yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , (2) 200 μ g of double - stranded RNA or (3) 400 μ g of double stranded RNA. 30 minutes later, using a 137 Cs gamma emitter, mice were irradiated with a dose of 8 Gy at the rate of 1.4 Gy/min. The radioprotective effect of preparations was assessed based on death rates. Results : Injections of both 200 μ g of double - stranded RNA and 7 mg of total RNA prior to irradiation provided the best radioprotective effects, ensuring the survival of 100% of animals. Changes in the number of blood cells and their morphological aberrations were being monitored for 37 days after irradiation. Conclusion : The protection from lethal radiation doses is associated with the preservation and rapid recovery of leukocytic and erythroid lineages.
{"title":"Changes in the number and morphology of blood cells in mice pretreated with RNA preparations and exposed to 8 Gy of gamma radiation","authors":"T. D. Dubatolova, G. Ritter, A. Proskurina, P. Kisaretova, V. Nikolin, N. Popova, V. Ruzanova, O. Taranov, N. Kolchanov, S. Bogachev","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background : In our recent studies, yeast double - stranded RNA showed radioprotective effect in mice exposed to 9.4 Gy of gamma radiation. The current work continues our inquiry and describes the changes in the number and morphology of blood cells in mice injected with double - stranded RNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae prior to gamma irradiation. To be capable of estimating the required parameters, we have used 8 Gy of radiation, which allowed mice to survive for up to 37 days (LD60/30). Materials and Methods : Animals received single intravenous injections of one of the following compounds: (1) 7 mg of total RNA isolated from baking yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , (2) 200 μ g of double - stranded RNA or (3) 400 μ g of double stranded RNA. 30 minutes later, using a 137 Cs gamma emitter, mice were irradiated with a dose of 8 Gy at the rate of 1.4 Gy/min. The radioprotective effect of preparations was assessed based on death rates. Results : Injections of both 200 μ g of double - stranded RNA and 7 mg of total RNA prior to irradiation provided the best radioprotective effects, ensuring the survival of 100% of animals. Changes in the number of blood cells and their morphological aberrations were being monitored for 37 days after irradiation. Conclusion : The protection from lethal radiation doses is associated with the preservation and rapid recovery of leukocytic and erythroid lineages.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89476335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : Among the natural radioactive sources, two - thirds of radiation dose received by living tissue is caused by radon and its progeny because it can interact with biological tissue when it is inhaled or ingested. Accordingly, this study planned to measure indoor radon and evaluates its doses in addition to studying metrological parameter to understand the correlation between them. Materials and Methods : This study focused on the indoor radon concentration by two different protocols which are short term and long term. In short term, radon concentration was measured in seven dwellings in Duhok city at the beginning of both winter and summer using RAD7 detector and Airthings Corentium monitor. Then annual effective dose of radon and its decay product to the inhabitance were estimated. In long term protocol, radon concentration was measured continually for one year by fixing Corentoum detector in one building. Results : outcomes showed that the concentration of radon is higher in winter than summer; with range of 1 - 56 Bq m - 3 . The average level of indoor radon concentration in both seasons was 19 ± 6.1 Bq m - 3 . The radon and its progeny average annual effective dose were 0.59 ± 0.17 and 0.23 ± 0.14 mSv y - 1 in winter and 0.37 and 0.15 mSv y - 1 in summer respectively. Conclusion : The results of average indoor radon concentration obtained were considerably less than the action levels prescribed by ICRP. Also, the results indicated that radon concentration negatively correlated with wind speed and positively with outdoor temperature while outdoor humidity effect has almost neglected.
背景:在天然放射源中，活体组织接受的辐射剂量中有三分之二是由氡及其子体引起的，因为氡在吸入或摄入时会与生物组织发生相互作用。因此，本研究计划在研究计量参数的基础上，对室内氡进行测量和剂量评价，了解两者之间的相关性。材料与方法:本研究采用短期和长期两种不同的方案对室内氡浓度进行了研究。在短期内，使用RAD7探测器和Airthings Corentium监测仪在冬季和夏季初对杜胡克市的七所住宅的氡浓度进行了测量。估算了氡及其衰变产物对居民的年有效剂量。在长期方案中，通过在一栋建筑物内固定Corentoum检测仪，连续一年测量氡浓度。结果:冬季氡浓度高于夏季;量程为1 - 56 Bq m - 3。两季室内氡浓度平均值为19±6.1 Bq m - 3。氡及其子代的年平均有效剂量冬季分别为0.59±0.17和0.23±0.14 mSv y - 1，夏季分别为0.37和0.15 mSv y - 1。结论:室内氡平均浓度测定结果明显低于ICRP规定的作用水平。氡浓度与风速呈负相关，与室外温度呈正相关，室外湿度的影响几乎被忽略。
{"title":"Estimation of indoor radon concentration and dose evaluation of radon and its progeny in selected dwellings in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"W. Alhamdi, K. Abdullah","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.30","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Among the natural radioactive sources, two - thirds of radiation dose received by living tissue is caused by radon and its progeny because it can interact with biological tissue when it is inhaled or ingested. Accordingly, this study planned to measure indoor radon and evaluates its doses in addition to studying metrological parameter to understand the correlation between them. Materials and Methods : This study focused on the indoor radon concentration by two different protocols which are short term and long term. In short term, radon concentration was measured in seven dwellings in Duhok city at the beginning of both winter and summer using RAD7 detector and Airthings Corentium monitor. Then annual effective dose of radon and its decay product to the inhabitance were estimated. In long term protocol, radon concentration was measured continually for one year by fixing Corentoum detector in one building. Results : outcomes showed that the concentration of radon is higher in winter than summer; with range of 1 - 56 Bq m - 3 . The average level of indoor radon concentration in both seasons was 19 ± 6.1 Bq m - 3 . The radon and its progeny average annual effective dose were 0.59 ± 0.17 and 0.23 ± 0.14 mSv y - 1 in winter and 0.37 and 0.15 mSv y - 1 in summer respectively. Conclusion : The results of average indoor radon concentration obtained were considerably less than the action levels prescribed by ICRP. Also, the results indicated that radon concentration negatively correlated with wind speed and positively with outdoor temperature while outdoor humidity effect has almost neglected.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82903322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : The present study was carried out to estimate the effect of Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on the thyroid gland of female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods : Female rat (n=24) of 12-16 weeks with body weight of 130-150gm were housed in standard cages, fed sterilized food and water ad libitum. Animals were divided into four groups. Ist group was control, IInd group was exposed to 280 nm of UVB radiation for 2 h/day. IIIrd group was exposed to 280 nm of UVB radiation for 2 h/day and 25 mg/kg body weight curcumin orally. IVth group was given 25 mg/kg body weight curcumin orally. All treatments last for 15 days. Results : The results showed that UVB radiation decreased body and thyroid gland weight. However at the same time increased T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 levels (p<0.01: p<0.001; p<0.05) and decreased the level of TSH (p<0.001) significantly. Histologically, UVB radiation-damaged follicular cells and disappeared colloid fluid, and decreased follicle diameter significantly (p<0.01). Conclusion : It is concluded that UVB radiation generates imbalance in thyroid hormones and induced hyperthyroidism on female Wistar rat and curcumin play protective role in hyperthyroidism against UVB radiation.
{"title":"Eventual study of ultraviolet B radiation and their peril on thyroid gland of female Wistar rat","authors":"G. Rai, P. Mahobiya","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.36","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The present study was carried out to estimate the effect of Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on the thyroid gland of female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods : Female rat (n=24) of 12-16 weeks with body weight of 130-150gm were housed in standard cages, fed sterilized food and water ad libitum. Animals were divided into four groups. Ist group was control, IInd group was exposed to 280 nm of UVB radiation for 2 h/day. IIIrd group was exposed to 280 nm of UVB radiation for 2 h/day and 25 mg/kg body weight curcumin orally. IVth group was given 25 mg/kg body weight curcumin orally. All treatments last for 15 days. Results : The results showed that UVB radiation decreased body and thyroid gland weight. However at the same time increased T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 levels (p<0.01: p<0.001; p<0.05) and decreased the level of TSH (p<0.001) significantly. Histologically, UVB radiation-damaged follicular cells and disappeared colloid fluid, and decreased follicle diameter significantly (p<0.01). Conclusion : It is concluded that UVB radiation generates imbalance in thyroid hormones and induced hyperthyroidism on female Wistar rat and curcumin play protective role in hyperthyroidism against UVB radiation.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81509123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mosleh-Shirazi, A. Sheikholeslami, E. Fathipour, M. Mohammadianpanah, M. Ansari, S. Karbasi, S. H. Hamedi, N. Khanjani, M. Sasani, P. Jafari, R. Fardid
Background : To quantify the influence of photon dose - calculation algorithm selection on the cervical esophagus (CE) dose indices and the derived equivalent uniform dose (EUD) and normal - tissue complication probability (NTCP) for acute esophagitis in patients with head - and - neck cancer (HNC). Materials and Methods : The Fast Photon Effective Path (FPEP) and Collapsed - Cone Convolution Superposition (CCCS) algorithms on the Prowess Panther treatment planning system were compared for 30 patients (six tumor sites). The Lyman - Kutcher - Burmann (LKB) model was used to calculate the EUDs and NTCPs. Results : On average, the more simplistic FPEP algorithm overestimated the mean dose to CE planning organ - at - risk volumes (PRVs) by 2.0% (p = 0.003). The average absolute difference in mean dose was 2.7% and the maximum difference was 9.3%. The V 5Gy , V 10Gy , V 15Gy , V 20Gy , V 25Gy and V 30Gy values were significantly higher with FPEP, while the point - dose and D 2cc hot spots were similar. In turn, the dose differences led to an underestimation of the LKB - model prediction of the EUD by 1.4% (p = 0.297). The mean absolute difference in EUD was 4.5% and the maximum difference was 15.3%. In the 14 - 50 Gy mean dose range, the resulting NTCPs with FPEP were lower on average by 2.6% than CCCS (p = 0.041). Conclusions : In the group of HNC patients considered in this study, the EUD and NTCP for acute esophagitis showed to be moderately sensitive to the choice of dose - calculation algorithm. Despite an overestimated mean dose by the simpler algorithm, the NTCP underestimation, which can be large in some patients, is of clinical concern.
{"title":"Equivalent uniform dose and normal tissue complication probability of acute esophagitis in head-and-neck radiotherapy: Sensitivity to dose calculation accuracy","authors":"M. Mosleh-Shirazi, A. Sheikholeslami, E. Fathipour, M. Mohammadianpanah, M. Ansari, S. Karbasi, S. H. Hamedi, N. Khanjani, M. Sasani, P. Jafari, R. Fardid","doi":"10.52547/ijrr.20.2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijrr.20.2.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background : To quantify the influence of photon dose - calculation algorithm selection on the cervical esophagus (CE) dose indices and the derived equivalent uniform dose (EUD) and normal - tissue complication probability (NTCP) for acute esophagitis in patients with head - and - neck cancer (HNC). Materials and Methods : The Fast Photon Effective Path (FPEP) and Collapsed - Cone Convolution Superposition (CCCS) algorithms on the Prowess Panther treatment planning system were compared for 30 patients (six tumor sites). The Lyman - Kutcher - Burmann (LKB) model was used to calculate the EUDs and NTCPs. Results : On average, the more simplistic FPEP algorithm overestimated the mean dose to CE planning organ - at - risk volumes (PRVs) by 2.0% (p = 0.003). The average absolute difference in mean dose was 2.7% and the maximum difference was 9.3%. The V 5Gy , V 10Gy , V 15Gy , V 20Gy , V 25Gy and V 30Gy values were significantly higher with FPEP, while the point - dose and D 2cc hot spots were similar. In turn, the dose differences led to an underestimation of the LKB - model prediction of the EUD by 1.4% (p = 0.297). The mean absolute difference in EUD was 4.5% and the maximum difference was 15.3%. In the 14 - 50 Gy mean dose range, the resulting NTCPs with FPEP were lower on average by 2.6% than CCCS (p = 0.041). Conclusions : In the group of HNC patients considered in this study, the EUD and NTCP for acute esophagitis showed to be moderately sensitive to the choice of dose - calculation algorithm. Despite an overestimated mean dose by the simpler algorithm, the NTCP underestimation, which can be large in some patients, is of clinical concern.","PeriodicalId":48815,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73278907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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