Eating Disorders最新文献

This review of 15 prevention-related publications in Eating Disorders during 2025 is framed by three models: (1) Mental Health Intervention Spectrum: health promotion → types of prevention → case identification/referral for treatment; (2) the prevention cycle: rationale and theory, shaped by critical reviews → clarifying risk and protective factors → program innovation and feasibility studies → efficacy and effectiveness research → program dissemination; and (3) definitions of and links between eating disorder psychopathology, disordered eating behavior, and eating disorders. Four articles were categorized as prevention theory, methodology, or ethics; three articles were categorized as prevention rationale (including screening studies); six articles addressed correlates and putative risk factors for eating disorders or eating pathology; and one article each addressed protective factors and the upscaling/adaptation of the Body Project prevention program, respectively. Seven implications for prevention improvement are presented. For example, we must do more than acknowledge a spectrum of disordered eating. In many countries, eating pathology in girls and boys is a pressing public health problem that is almost certainly in place before age 13. Consequently, the developmental trajectories of eating pathology in children and adolescence, and the creation of effective school-based prevention programs for youth ages 10 through 15, are two under-studied areas that deserve research priority.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with significant psychological burden and an elevated prevalence of Disordered Eating Behaviors (DEBs) among persons with T1D (PWT1D). This study examined the frequency of DEBs in PWT1D and investigated their clinical, psychological, and psychiatric aspects, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as glycemic outcomes, in a Brazilian population. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2022 with adolescents and young adults with T1D (ages 13-39) recruited nationwide in Brazil via social media. Participants completed an online questionnaire, the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey Revised-BR (DEPS-R-BR), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Descriptive analyses were performed. Two hundred and seventeen PWT1D met eligibility criteria, eighty-nine % were female, with a mean age 28.5 (SD = 6.83) years and a mean HbA1c 7.4% (SD = 1.7). Sixty-four % scored ≥20 on DEPS-R-BR. DEBs risk (DEPS-R-BR ≥20) was associated with fixed insulin dosing (p = .035), higher anxiety (p < .001), having a family member with an eating disorder (EDs) (p = .039. Higher DEPS-R-BR scores were associated with insulin restriction and omission (p < .001), depressive symptoms (p < .001), higher BMI (p = .007), higher HbA1c (p = 0.001), and female sex (p < .001). In this sample of PWT1D, DEBs were common and aligned with adverse psychological profiles and suboptimal clinical markers. Routine screening for DEBs risk detection is crucial for timely therapeutic interventions.

Ethics consultation's (EC) role in supporting healthcare professionals, patients, and families confronted by eating disorders (ED) is under-described in the literature. We used qualitative conceptual content analysis to characterize the ethical issues and contextual features of EC involving patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge-Eating Disorder (BED), Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), or Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED) and compared adult vs. pediatric settings at a single institution from 2015 to 2024. We identified 40 consultations (14 adult, 26 pediatric) for 25 patients (12 adult, 13 pediatric). Most were female (n = 18, 72%), White (n = 20, 80%), non-Hispanic (n = 23, 92%), and diagnosed with AN (n = 13, 52%); none were diagnosed with BED or OSFED. The primary ethical issue overall (n = 23, 57%) and in the pediatric setting (n = 20, 77%) was patient assent/treatment over objection. No single ethical issue was prominent in the adult setting. The most common contextual feature overall (n = 21, 52%) and within adult (n = 7, 50%) and pediatric (n = 14, 53%) settings was legal involvement. EC patterns suggest differences in ethical concerns based on setting and age; a tailored approach may be warranted. Our results raise concerns that EC is underutilized within subsets of the ED population, necessitating further research.

Hypothermia is frequently observed in anorexia nervosa (AN) but is often overlooked clinically. External heat application has been proposed as a supportive adjunct. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the frequency of hypothermia in a highly selected inpatient population with AN admitted to a specialized medical (somatic) unit because of low BMI and/or somatic complications, and to explore clinical correlates and implications. In this naturalistic clinical setting, we retrospectively reviewed routinely collected clinical and biochemical data from admissions. Hypothermia was defined as tympanic temperature < 35.8°C. Clinical and biochemical variables were compared between normothermic and hypothermic patients, and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with hypothermia. Among 111 patients, 10.8% had tympanic temperature < 35.8°C. During short-term hospitalization with supported meals, fluid and electrolyte correction, and partial weight restoration, most hypothermic patients achieved normothermia. However, persistent hypothermia may represent an underrecognized treatment target; future studies should assess its impact on outcomes and evaluate whether adjunctive warming interventions improve recovery.

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals face a heightened risk of emotion dysregulation and eating disorders (EDs) compared to their cisgender counterparts. However, limited research has investigated the relation between emotion dysregulation and ED symptoms among TGD adults, particularly within the Chinese cultural context. The present study aimed to employ network analysis to examine symptom-level associations between emotion dysregulation and thinness- and muscularity-oriented ED symptoms in a sample of Chinese TGD adults. Participants included 410 TGD individuals (142 transgender women, 92 transgender men, and 176 gender-diverse adults [e.g. non-binary individuals]). Separate network analyses by TGD groups revealed distinct symptom interaction patterns, each with four identified communities. Regarding central symptoms, shape/weight preoccupation emerged as the most central node in transgender women and gender-diverse adults, whereas nonacceptance of emotional responses was the most central node in transgender men. Bridge node analysis identified specific symptoms connecting emotion dysregulation to ED symptoms, with the use of meal replacement supplements when full and nutrition anxiety when eating out as the most essential in transgender women; food/eating/calorie preoccupation in transgender men; and food restriction for shape or weight concerns and nutrition anxiety when eating out in gender-diverse individuals. Findings provide empirical support for meaningful heterogeneity in the interplay between emotion dysregulation and ED symptoms across transgender women, transgender men, and gender-diverse individuals. This underscores the critical need to move beyond one-size-fits-all approaches and develop tailored interventions that address the unique emotional and body image regulation challenges faced by transgender women, transgender men, and gender-diverse individuals.

Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E) outcomes for binge-spectrum eating disorders (EDs) are suboptimal, thus new treatment targets should be identified. One potential target is sleep disturbance (i.e. increased sleep latency, decreased efficiency, duration, or quality) which may impact self-regulation abilities necessary for reducing binge eating. However, it is not yet known whether sleep disturbance predicts poorer outcomes from CBT-E. We examined the relation between pre-treatment sleep disturbance and treatment outcome among adults (N = 79; 84.81% White; 89.87% female) with binge-spectrum EDs receiving CBT-E. Multiple regression models examined the effect of sleep disturbance on both frequency of any loss of control (LOC) eating and objective binge episodes (OBE), and odds of remission from LOC and OBEs at post-treatment. Pre-treatment sleep efficiency was significantly negatively related to LOC frequency at post-treatment (Est = -5.807, p = .047). No other pre-treatment sleep characteristics were significantly associated with post-treatment LOC/OBE frequency or remission. ED diagnosis (bulimia- or binge eating disorder-spectrum) did not moderate associations of sleep disturbance with treatment outcome. Interventions aimed at improving sleep efficiency may merit testing in ED populations. Future research should assess whether changes in sleep efficiency during treatment are associated with increased reductions in binge eating at post-treatment.

Objectification theory posits that self-objectification can lead to disordered eating, with significant positive correlations between self-objectification and eating disorder (ED) psychopathology found in women in both clinical and non-clinical samples. Maladaptive rumination is another process frequently associated with EDs, but its relationship with self-objectification and ED psychopathology needs further investigation. Our aim was to conduct a preliminary test to investigate whether maladaptive rumination mediated the relationship between self-objectification and ED psychopathology in women. Data were collected online from a general community sample of 243 women. Correlation and mediation analyses were undertaken. Significant positive associations were found between rumination, self-objectification, and ED psychopathology. Rumination significantly mediated the relationship between self-objectification and ED psychopathology, accounting for 20.52% of the variance, suggesting that a greater tendency to ruminate may contribute to ED vulnerability in those with high self-objectification. These preliminary findings may inform assessment and formulation of women presenting with ED psychopathology in addition to supporting psychological interventions (e.g. CBT or acceptance-based approaches), which can target both self-objectification and rumination processes. Future research involving replication with clinical samples is warranted to corroborate the relationship between these constructs, their impact on ED psychopathology over time and to investigate their utility in assessment and treatment approaches.

Subjective eating disorder (ED) recovery has important clinical relevance. However, studies have focused on the perspectives of cisgender heterosexual individuals, which is notable given that sexual and gender minority (SGM) people often describe feelings misrepresented by prevailing ED conceptualizations. We examined eating pathology and psychosocial functioning across subjective recovery stages in SGM individuals (N = 196). Analyses of variance tested differences between active ED (n = 106, 54.1%), partial recovery (n = 82, 41.8%), and full recovery (n = 8, 4.1%) groups. Groups differed in body dissatisfaction, binge eating, restricting, clinical impairment, autonomy, environmental mastery, and self-acceptance. Most differences were observed between the full recovery and active ED groups and the full recovery and partial recovery groups, such that subjectively higher levels of ED recovery were generally associated with lower transdiagnostic ED symptoms and better psychosocial functioning. Clinical profiles appear similar between SGM and cisgender heterosexual individuals across subjective ED recovery stages.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder that is significantly associated with severely impaired physiological functions, multiple organ failure, and suicidal ideation. This study aims to estimate the global, regional, and national secular trends of AN burden based on Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019 data. The pertinent data for AN were collected from the GBD Study 2019. The long-term trends of the burden of AN were analyzed in different Social Demographic Index (SDI) regions by Joinpoint regression, Age-Period-Cohort analysis, and the Estimated Annual Percentage Changes. This study found that the global burden of AN gradually increased over the past 30 years, with the highest burden remaining in high-income countries, but the biggest increasing trend was observed in Asian region. AN was more common in adolescents and young women, but it was growing rapidly in adolescents and young men. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by AN was the highest in the age group of 15-24 years among all SDI levels. The risk of AN rapidly increased since the beginning of the twenty-first century apart from high SDI regions, and it was higher in later-born cohorts than the earlier ones in various SDI areas. Future studies could verify our findings by using individual-level data. Our findings could help policy makers around the world understand the burden of AN in their countries and develop appropriate health policies for prevention and early intervention for high-risk populations.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to map which instruments are currently being used to measure disordered eating in adolescent boys as part of a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis.

Method: Utilizing the PRISMA review protocol, 174 journal articles were reviewed.

Results: Sixty-seven articles used versions of the Eating Attitudes Test to measure adolescent boys' disordered eating, 32 used versions of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, 30 used versions of the Eating Disorder Inventory, 25 used SCOFF, and 10 used the Drive for Muscularity Scale. A plethora of other instruments for measuring disordered eating were utilized as well.

Conclusion: Studying adolescent boys' disordered eating by using instruments primarily developed and validated for girls may provide unreliable estimates of the numbers of boys who suffer from disordered eating, which would preclude early intervention. One strength of the reviewed studies was that several used multiple measurements to validate their results. One of the weaknesses was the lack of distinguishing genders among certain groups, such as athletes or patients. Among the opportunities identified was the possibility of expanding on research on the association between puberty and disordered eating, with sports and parents potentially acting as buffers against the onset of disordered eating. A clear threat to research on disordered eating among adolescent boys was the (in)accuracy of the measurements.