Eating Disorders最新文献

Prior research has been conflicted on whether gay community involvement serves as a risk or protective factor for body image and eating disorders (EDs) in sexual minority men (SMM), perhaps given that prior research has examined community involvement unidimensionally. The present study examined whether non-appearance-based ("social activism") and appearance-based ("going out/nightlife") community involvement differentially predicted ED prevention outcomes in SMM. SMM (N = 73) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of an ED prevention program completed measures of community involvement, drive for muscularity, body dissatisfaction, and bulimic symptoms at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up. "Social activism" community involvement moderated intervention effects for drive for muscularity and body dissatisfaction scores, but not bulimic symptoms, such that those who placed higher importance on social activism demonstrated expected improvements, while those who placed lower importance on social activism did not exhibit expected improvements. "Going out/nightlife" community involvement did not moderate intervention outcomes; however, greater importance of going out/nightlife was associated with increased body dissatisfaction. Findings support that the impact of community involvement on body image and ED risk for SMM may be nuanced. Encouraging community involvement through activism could help enhance ED prevention efforts for SMM.

We describe a community-engaged research process to co-create and implement an evidence-informed, diversity-focused body image program for early adolescents. Our team included middle school staff, students, and teachers, and university faculty and students. Team members had a diverse range of intersecting cis- and transgender, racial, sexuality, and disability identities. Specific steps to the research process included: (1) establishing team leads at each site to maintain a collaborative and non-hierarchical team structure; (2) bi-weekly advisory team meetings to establish program needs and discuss curriculum and implementation options; (3) a year-long youth co-design process to generate content ideas, pilot pieces of programming, and incorporate youth leadership through an equity lens; (4) inclusive program writing from members of socially marginalized groups; (5) program piloting to solicit feedback from teachers, facilitators, and students; and (6) collaboratively incorporating feedback. The resulting 8-session (6 hours total) Body Justice Project has both dissonance-based and media literacy foundations, with topics related to cultural appearance ideals, diet culture and non-diet nutrition, media and appearance pressure, and body autonomy. It is designed for in-class delivery to middle school students by trained college and youth co-facilitator teams. We emphasize guiding principles and lessons learned, along with next steps in implementation.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of online Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Binge Eating Disorder (DBT-BED) in reducing eating psychopathology and investigate the factors that influence the severity and frequency of binge eating. Seventy-three individuals seeking treatment for BED participated in 20 two-hour group sessions. Participants completed the Emotional Eating Scale (EES), Binge Eating Scale (BES), and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) before and after the treatment and at three- and six-month follow-ups. Results from 58 participants were analyzed. The study results indicated a significant decrease in objective binge eating (OBE) days, as well as in all EES, BES, and EDE-Q subscales (except the Restraint subscale), and global EDE-Q score at the end of treatment and follow-ups. Moreover, the Body Mass Index (BMI) reduced at the end of treatment and during the follow-up period. Except for the Restraint subscale, more OBE days were linked with higher EES, BES, and EDE-Q scores. Overall, the study suggests that online DBT-BED is an effective approach to treating Binge Eating Disorder (BED) for individuals who cannot receive in-person therapy. Further research is necessary to compare the efficacy of online DBT-BED with other interventions.

The aims of this quality improvement programme were to enable providers of mental health in-patient services for children and young people in England to review their prescribing practice alongside the views and experiences of children, young people and their parent carers. Three online tools were developed. First was a medication census tool to be completed by provider clinicians to capture prescribing practices around psychotropic medication. The two other online tools were questionnaires that provided an opportunity for inpatient children and young people and their parent carers to express their views of the medication. 193 children and young people had a primary diagnosis of eating disorders. Antidepressants were the most widely prescribed (56%), followed by antipsychotics (41%), benzodiazepines, and antihistamines as sedatives (18%) and hypnotics (11%). Of those receiving regular psychotropic medications, 67% were prescribed two or more. Both the children and young people and their parent carers expressed concerns about the high level of psychotropic medication, the number of prn administrations, the number of psychotropic medications prescribed and the extent of side effects. Psychotropic medications are widely prescribed both on a regular and on a prn basis for children and young people with eating disorders in mental health in-patient services.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) individuals report more experiences of healthcare discrimination and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs), and less trust in physicians than their cisgender and heterosexual counterparts. Although research supports a link between discrimination and DEBs among LGBTQ+ populations, few studies have specifically investigated healthcare discrimination and DEBs in this population. This study examined whether LGBTQ+ status moderated the relation between negative healthcare experiences and DEBs in undergraduates. Undergraduates (n = 322) from a Southeastern (United States) university completed measures of healthcare discrimination, trust in physicians, and DEBs. Analyses investigated whether LGBTQ+ status moderated the relation between healthcare discrimination and DEBs; trust in physicians and DEBs. LGBTQ+ individuals (35% of sample), reported less trust in physicians (p < .001), and more body dissatisfaction (p = .007) and shape/weight overvaluation (p = .008). Among all undergraduates, experiences of healthcare discrimination were associated with higher body dissatisfaction (p = .003) and shape/weight overvaluation (p = .008). Less trust in physicians was associated with greater shape/weight overvaluation (p = .005). LGBTQ+ status did not moderate either relation. It is important to reduce healthcare discrimination and foster patient-provider trust for all young adults. Future research should examine factors influencing patient-provider trust among LGBTQ+ individuals.

Leading treatments for binge eating target dietary restraint, but up to 35% of the people with binge eating report low restraint. This study examined the roles of reward sensitivity and emotion dysregulation in relation to low-restraint binge eating. Women with binge eating (low-restraint: n = 22; high-restraint: n = 69) and controls (n = 49) completed self-report measures of generalized reward sensitivity and emotion dysregulation and a picture-viewing task assessing craving and pleasure for high-calorie food. As expected, food-related craving and emotion dysregulation were greater in the clinical than in the control group, but no differences emerged between high- and low-restraint binge eating groups. However, correlational analyses found that, within the clinical group, the number of restraint days related to greater anticipatory sensitivity for generalized rewards and lower pleasure ratings of food. Results suggest that emotion dysregulation characterizes both high- and low-restraint binge eating. As self-reported food liking was linked with lower restraint, greater enjoyment of palatable foods may uniquely contribute to low-restraint binge eating. Increasing emphasis on emotion regulation and food-related reward sensitivity may enhance treatment outcomes for individuals with low-restraint binge eating.

Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with numerous comorbidities and deleterious outcomes (e.g. medical complications, high rates of death by suicide). The complexities of EDs are further compounded by treatment dropout, poor treatment outcomes, and relapse. One way to better understand these complexities is to investigate broad, transdiagnostic risk factors that contribute to the etiology and maintenance of EDs, such as emotion regulation (ER) difficulties. We longitudinally tested the relationship between ER difficulties and ED outcomes in a sample of 101 female ED patients in a southeastern U.S. residential ED treatment facility. Consistent with hypothesis, there were significant improvements in both ER difficulties and eating pathology from admission to discharge. Further, improvement in ER difficulties was associated with improvements in eating pathology. These findings further substantiate the role of ER difficulties in eating disorders and provide further evidence for the relationship between ER difficulties and eating pathology among residential eating disorder patients.

While diagnostic pathways for identifying Autism in eating disorder (ED) populations have been developed, the field continues to lack validated psychometric tools to measure EDs for use in the Autistic population. Many commonly used measures for EDs potentially lack validity and reliability in the Autistic population limiting theoretical and practical advancements in the field. This paper outlines current conflicts in autism and ED research and how these can be addressed through psychometric methodology. We discuss: (1) the lack of differentiation between ED pathology and Autistic eating behaviours, as well as the limited inclusion of autism-specific mechanisms in existing tools; (2) the subsequent theoretical and practical implications for researchers, clinicians, and Autistic people; and (3) future directions for psychometric research. Scholars are encouraged to employ participatory designs with autistic people before carefully considering which analytical strategies are used in the Autistic population.

TikTok, a social media platform with substantial youth engagement, has been used to examine eating disorder (ED) recovery; however, no studies have described the experience of ED treatment as told on TikTok. The purpose of this study was to describe content related to ED treatment using the hashtag #EDtreatment. The 100 most-viewed videos using #EDtreatment were downloaded, transcribed verbatim, and coded. Using qualitative thematic analysis, a coding framework was created; themes were generated and reviewed by coauthors until consensus was reached. Ultimately, 55 videos were included in the analysis. The videos included in the analysis had, in total, 15.6 million views, 3 million "likes", 36647 comments, and were shared by users 26,673 times. Themes generated included Aspects of Treatment, Interpersonal Relationships, Emotions and Psychiatric Comorbidities, and ED Experiences. Content ranged from uplifting and encouraging to negative and serious. Videos used dramatic reenactments, music, humor, and other entertainment methods, suggesting that creators attempted to generate high volume viewer consumption. When combined with TikTok's brief video format, users may consume large amounts of content rapidly. Individuals considering treatment may be influenced by viewing TikTok content. When clinically engaging individuals with EDs, the perceived significance of this content is a topic of consideration.

The aim of this study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between eating disorders and mortality. Based on this, eating disorders were investigated concerning all causes of mortality. Information sources including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used based on a systematic search. Google Scholar and Research Gate were also searched. The search in these databases started without a time limit and was done until December 2023. This search was done in English. The results extracted were pooled together based on the Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) with a 95% confidence interval. The random effects method was used to pool studies together. An analysis was performed based on eating disorders and mortality, and the relationship between three types of eating disorders and mortality was reported as subgroups. Sixty studies were included in the meta-analysis. The obtained results showed that eating disorders have a significant relationship with the risk of mortality; SMR was 4.42 (CI 3.55-5.50; Z = 13.31; p < .001; I² = 96.3%). Anorexia nervosa has a significant relationship with the risk of mortality, SMR was 5.31 (CI 4.15-6.79; Z = 13.30; p < .001; I² = 93.1%). For bulimia nervosa the risk of mortality was SMR 2.69 (CI 1.85-3.91; Z = 5.16; p < .001; I² = 66.6%). For eating disorders not otherwise specified the risk of mortality was SMR 2.50 (CI 1.45-4.33; Z = 3.28; p = .001; I² = 91.8%). From the findings of this research, it was determined how serious the risk of death is in patients with eating disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue in the processes of prevention, screening, and treatment of eating disorders.