Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.11.005
Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada , Yukihiro Ohya
The escalating global allergy epidemic has emerged as a pressing and persistent challenge, exerting a profound impact on human health systems across centuries. This burgeoning predicament can be attributed to contemporary lifestyles, environmental influences, and genetic predispositions. The manifestation of allergy-related factors exhibits dynamic fluctuations contingent on temporal shifts, geographical distinctions, cultural variances, and diverse demographic strata. In this review, we present recent epidemiological insights derived from two distinct birth cohorts: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), encompassing the entirety of Japan, and the Tokyo Children's Health, Illness, and Development Study (T-Child Study) within Tokyo. Through this comprehensive review, we offer a comprehensive overview of the latest epidemiological discoveries stemming from these pivotal Japanese birth cohorts, thereby affording a unique opportunity to deliberate on imperative strategies for the optimal management of the allergy epidemic.
{"title":"Overviewing allergy epidemiology in Japan - Findings from birth cohorts (JECS and T-Child study)","authors":"Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada , Yukihiro Ohya","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The escalating global allergy epidemic has emerged as a pressing and persistent challenge, exerting a profound impact on human health systems across centuries. This burgeoning predicament can be attributed to contemporary lifestyles, environmental influences, and genetic predispositions. The manifestation of allergy-related factors exhibits dynamic fluctuations contingent on temporal shifts, geographical distinctions, cultural variances, and diverse demographic strata. In this review, we present recent epidemiological insights derived from two distinct birth cohorts: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), encompassing the entirety of Japan, and the Tokyo Children's Health, Illness, and Development Study (T-Child Study) within Tokyo. Through this comprehensive review, we offer a comprehensive overview of the latest epidemiological discoveries stemming from these pivotal Japanese birth cohorts, thereby affording a unique opportunity to deliberate on imperative strategies for the optimal management of the allergy epidemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":"73 1","pages":"Pages 20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S132389302300117X/pdfft?md5=a23fb9eebf67cb2ea65b96b8c2ea5971&pid=1-s2.0-S132389302300117X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.07.004
Chen Zhang , Huan Wang , Li Hu , Qianqian Zhang , Jiani Chen , Le Shi , Xiaole Song , Juan Liu , Kai Xue , Jingjing Wang , Dehui Wang , Xicai Sun
Background
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP has attracted more attention in recent years, due to its association with more severe disease and reduced steroid responsiveness. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has been found to modulate neutrophils infiltration in other neutrophilic inflammation including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. The aim was to evaluate the expression and regulator role of LCN2 in neutrophilic inflammation in CRSwNP, and its role as a potential biomarker predicting non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (neCRSwNP).
Methods
Bioinformatic analysis, immunostainings, real-time PCR and ELISA were used to analyze the expression and location of LCN2 in nasal tissues. The expression of proinflammatory mediators were assessed in nasal tissues and secretions. LCN2 production in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and neutrophils, as well as its role in neutrophilic inflammation was evaluated by in vitro experiments.
Results
LCN2 was mainly located in neutrophils and HNECs of nasal polyps. LCN2 expression was also significantly higher in the polyp tissue and nasal secretions from patients with neCRSwNP. The LCN2 levels were positively correlated with type 3 inflammation markers, including G-CSF, IL-8, and IL-17. LCN2 expression could be upregulated by IL-17 A and TNF-α in HNECs, and LCN2 could also promote the expression of IL-8 in dispersed polyp cells and HNECs.
Conclusions
LCN2 could serve as a novel biomarker predicting patients with neCRSwNP, and the increased expression of LCN2 may participate in the pathogenesis of neCRSwNP.
{"title":"Lipocalin-2 promotes neutrophilic inflammation in nasal polyps and its value as biomarker","authors":"Chen Zhang , Huan Wang , Li Hu , Qianqian Zhang , Jiani Chen , Le Shi , Xiaole Song , Juan Liu , Kai Xue , Jingjing Wang , Dehui Wang , Xicai Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP has attracted more attention in recent years, due to its association with more severe disease and reduced steroid responsiveness. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has been found to modulate neutrophils infiltration in other neutrophilic inflammation including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. The aim was to evaluate the expression and regulator role of LCN2 in neutrophilic inflammation in CRSwNP, and its role as a potential biomarker predicting non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (neCRSwNP).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Bioinformatic analysis, immunostainings, real-time PCR and ELISA were used to analyze the expression and location of LCN2 in nasal tissues. The expression of proinflammatory mediators were assessed in nasal tissues and secretions. LCN2 production in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and neutrophils, as well as its role in neutrophilic inflammation was evaluated by in vitro experiments.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>LCN2 was mainly located in neutrophils and HNECs of nasal polyps. LCN2 expression was also significantly higher in the polyp tissue and nasal secretions from patients with neCRSwNP. The LCN2 levels were positively correlated with type 3 inflammation markers, including G-CSF, IL-8, and IL-17. LCN2 expression could be upregulated by IL-17 A and TNF-α in HNECs, and LCN2 could also promote the expression of IL-8 in dispersed polyp cells and HNECs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>LCN2 could serve as a novel biomarker predicting patients with neCRSwNP, and the increased expression of LCN2 may participate in the pathogenesis of neCRSwNP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":"73 1","pages":"Pages 115-125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1323893023000746/pdfft?md5=9665fcc2b90c78aabfdbd37d6ad976e2&pid=1-s2.0-S1323893023000746-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9970718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.008
Yu-Wen Yeh, Zou Xiang
Animal models, including those employing the use of house mice (Mus musculus), are crucial in elucidating mechanisms in human pathophysiology. However, it is evident that the impreciseness of using laboratory mice maintained in super-hygienic barrier facilities to mirror relevant aspects of human physiology and pathology exists, which is a major limitation in translating mouse findings to inferring human medicine. Interestingly, free-living wild mice are found to be substantially different from laboratory-bred, specific pathogen-free mice with respect to various immune system compartments. Wild mice have an immune system that better reflects human immunity. In this review article, we discuss recent experimental findings that address the so-called “wild immunology”, which reveals the contrasting immune features between laboratory-raised mice and their wild companions as well as laboratory mice that have been exposed to a natural rodent habitat. A particular focus will be given to the development of pulmonary mast cells and its possible impact on the use of “naturalized” or “rewilded” laboratory mice as experimental asthma models.
{"title":"Mouse hygiene status–A tale of two environments for mast cells and allergy","authors":"Yu-Wen Yeh, Zou Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Animal models, including those employing the use of house mice (<em>Mus musculus</em>), are crucial in elucidating mechanisms in human pathophysiology. However, it is evident that the impreciseness of using laboratory mice maintained in super-hygienic barrier facilities to mirror relevant aspects of human physiology and pathology exists, which is a major limitation in translating mouse findings to inferring human medicine. Interestingly, free-living wild mice are found to be substantially different from laboratory-bred, specific pathogen-free mice with respect to various immune system compartments. Wild mice have an immune system that better reflects human immunity. In this review article, we discuss recent experimental findings that address the so-called “wild immunology”, which reveals the contrasting immune features between laboratory-raised mice and their wild companions as well as laboratory mice that have been exposed to a natural rodent habitat. A particular focus will be given to the development of pulmonary mast cells and its possible impact on the use of “naturalized” or “rewilded” laboratory mice as experimental asthma models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":"73 1","pages":"Pages 58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1323893023000849/pdfft?md5=df01058dc93c5f2d7aa1730b9eadf6cd&pid=1-s2.0-S1323893023000849-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10161253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products/D-dimer ratio can be a useful marker for differentiating an acute attack of hereditary angioedema from thrombotic conditions","authors":"Daisuke Honda , Isao Ohsawa , Toshiyuki Miyata , Masayuki Ozaki , Masashi Aizawa , Yasuhiko Tomino , Katsuhiko Asanuma","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":"73 1","pages":"Pages 174-176"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1323893023000771/pdfft?md5=1e3e2f40301a31d7176c047606265349&pid=1-s2.0-S1323893023000771-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10018585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduction in ANCA levels associated with mepolizumab add-on treatment in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Case series and literature review","authors":"Yosuke Kamide , Kentaro Watai , Yuto Nakamura , Maki Iwata , Yuma Fukutomi , Masami Taniguchi , Kiyoshi Sekiya","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":"73 1","pages":"Pages 180-183"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1323893023000850/pdfft?md5=3846c439f11adc35a58f00afee32228f&pid=1-s2.0-S1323893023000850-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.09.003
Noor H.A. Suaini , Hugo Van Bever , Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
Healthcare systems across the world face major challenges due to allergic diseases, known to affect people of all ages. In Singapore, two prominent cohort studies, Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) and the Singapore PREconception Study of long-Term maternal and child Outcomes (S-PRESTO), have made notable advancements to our knowledge and understanding of allergic diseases. These cohorts, which comprised of healthy mother-infant dyads recruited from the healthy Singapore population, have shed light on the complex connections between factors influencing health in early life, preconception and pregnancy, on the pathogenesis of allergic disorders in offspring.
GUSTO highlighted significant risk factors in antenatal and early life, such as maternal diet, health and lifestyle choices, as well as infant environmental influences, that contributed to the risk of allergic diseases in the Asian Singaporean population. It also identified differential patterns of allergic disease in comparison to other populations, particularly the role of the microbiome in predicting atopic outcomes. Meanwhile, S-PRESTO further explores the long-term maternal and child outcomes associated with preconception health. Findings seem to suggest that prevention of offspring allergic conditions can be achieved through optimizing maternal health and lifestyle choices before conception.
Both studies underscore the significance of early life interventions, preconception health, and personalized approaches to effectively manage and prevent allergies. By leveraging the insights and promising findings from GUSTO and S-PRESTO, future work can drive development of preventative strategies and personalized interventions to reduce burden of allergic diseases in the Singapore population.
{"title":"Growing Up in Singapore with allergies – Lessons learnt from the GUSTO & S-PRESTO cohorts","authors":"Noor H.A. Suaini , Hugo Van Bever , Elizabeth Huiwen Tham","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Healthcare systems across the world face major challenges due to allergic diseases, known to affect people of all ages. In Singapore, two prominent cohort studies, Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) and the Singapore PREconception Study of long-Term maternal and child Outcomes (S-PRESTO), have made notable advancements to our knowledge and understanding of allergic diseases. These cohorts, which comprised of healthy mother-infant dyads recruited from the healthy Singapore population, have shed light on the complex connections between factors influencing health in early life, preconception and pregnancy, on the pathogenesis of allergic disorders in offspring.</p><p>GUSTO highlighted significant risk factors in antenatal and early life, such as maternal diet, health and lifestyle choices, as well as infant environmental influences, that contributed to the risk of allergic diseases in the Asian Singaporean population. It also identified differential patterns of allergic disease in comparison to other populations, particularly the role of the microbiome in predicting atopic outcomes. Meanwhile, S-PRESTO further explores the long-term maternal and child outcomes associated with preconception health. Findings seem to suggest that prevention of offspring allergic conditions can be achieved through optimizing maternal health and lifestyle choices before conception.</p><p>Both studies underscore the significance of early life interventions, preconception health, and personalized approaches to effectively manage and prevent allergies. By leveraging the insights and promising findings from GUSTO and S-PRESTO, future work can drive development of preventative strategies and personalized interventions to reduce burden of allergic diseases in the Singapore population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":"73 1","pages":"Pages 13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1323893023000874/pdfft?md5=82dcd34cfe290a78a87c4d453aae9283&pid=1-s2.0-S1323893023000874-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41161293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although clinical trials including asthma and COPD patients have revealed much about exacerbation frequencies, most studies are limited in that they recruited patients only with a clear diagnosis of one disease or the other, based on conventional diagnostic criteria, which may exclude many real-world patients with mixed symptoms.
Methods
NOVELTY is a global prospective observational study of patients with asthma and/or COPD from real-world practice. In this subanalysis, we compared patient characteristics of obstructive pulmonary diseases between the Japanese population (n = 820) and the overall population excluding Japanese patients (n = 10,406).
Results
The Japanese population had fewer exacerbations than the overall population across most of the physician-assessed disease severities and all diagnoses. The difference in exacerbation frequencies was more prominent in patients with COPD and asthma + COPD. The Japanese population was older, had higher former smoking rates, lower BMI, fewer respiratory symptoms, and better health-related quality of life compared with the overall population across all diagnoses.
Conclusions
We clarified differences in patient characteristics among patients with asthma and/or COPD in Japan compared with non-Japanese patients. Importantly, we found that Japanese patients with asthma and/or COPD had significantly fewer exacerbations compared with patients overall. The results from our study may contribute to the development of precision medicine and guidelines specific to Japan.
{"title":"Exacerbation rates in Japanese patients with obstructive lung disease: A subanalysis of the prospective, observational NOVELTY study","authors":"Tomotaka Kawayama , Kenichi Takahashi , Toshikazu Ikeda , Kenya Fukui , Naoyuki Makita , Naoki Tashiro , Junpei Saito , Toshihiro Shirai , Hiromasa Inoue","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Although clinical trials including asthma and COPD patients have revealed much about exacerbation frequencies, most studies are limited in that they recruited patients only with a clear diagnosis of one disease or the other, based on conventional diagnostic criteria, which may exclude many real-world patients with mixed symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>NOVELTY is a global prospective observational study of patients with asthma and/or COPD from real-world practice. In this subanalysis, we compared patient characteristics of obstructive pulmonary diseases between the Japanese population (n = 820) and the overall population excluding Japanese patients (n = 10,406).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The Japanese population had fewer exacerbations than the overall population across most of the physician-assessed disease severities and all diagnoses. The difference in exacerbation frequencies was more prominent in patients with COPD and asthma + COPD. The Japanese population was older, had higher former smoking rates, lower BMI, fewer respiratory symptoms, and better health-related quality of life compared with the overall population across all diagnoses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We clarified differences in patient characteristics among patients with asthma and/or COPD in Japan compared with non-Japanese patients. Importantly, we found that Japanese patients with asthma and/or COPD had significantly fewer exacerbations compared with patients overall. The results from our study may contribute to the development of precision medicine and guidelines specific to Japan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":"73 1","pages":"Pages 71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1323893023000795/pdfft?md5=be10da29b2ced0ae540b40dff2426a29&pid=1-s2.0-S1323893023000795-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10500248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mepolizumab treatment improves symptom control and quality of life and reduces exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. However, biomarkers that predict therapeutic effectiveness must be determined for use in precision medicine. Herein, we elucidated the dynamics of various parameters before and after treatment as well as patient characteristics predictive of clinical responsiveness to mepolizumab after 1-year treatment.
Methods
Twenty-seven patients with severe asthma were treated with mepolizumab for one year. Asthma control test scores, pulmonary function tests, fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels, and blood samples were evaluated. Additionally, we explored the role of CD69-positive mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells as a candidate biomarker for predicting treatment effectiveness by evaluating an OVA-induced asthma murine model using MR1 knockout mice, where MAIT cells were absent.
Results
The frequencies of CD69-positive group 1 innate lymphoid cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, and MAIT cells decreased after mepolizumab treatment. The frequency of CD69-positive MAIT cells and neutrophils was lower and serum periostin levels were higher in responders than in non-responders. In the OVA-induced asthma murine model, CD69-positive MAIT cell count in the whole mouse lung was significantly higher than that in the control mice. Moreover, OVA-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation was exacerbated in the MAIT cell-deficient MR1 knockout mice.
Conclusions
This study shows that circulating CD69-positive MAIT cells, neutrophils, and serum periostin might predict the real-world response after 1-year mepolizumab treatment. Furthermore, MAIT cells potentially have a protective role against type 2 airway inflammation.
{"title":"Pretreatment circulating MAIT cells, neutrophils, and periostin predicted the real-world response after 1-year mepolizumab treatment in asthmatics","authors":"Hitoshi Sasano , Norihiro Harada , Sonoko Harada , Tomohito Takeshige , Yuuki Sandhu , Yuki Tanabe , Ayako Ishimori , Kei Matsuno , Tetsutaro Nagaoka , Jun Ito , Asako Chiba , Hisaya Akiba , Ryo Atsuta , Kenji Izuhara , Sachiko Miyake , Kazuhisa Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mepolizumab treatment improves symptom control and quality of life and reduces exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. However, biomarkers that predict therapeutic effectiveness must be determined for use in precision medicine. Herein, we elucidated the dynamics of various parameters before and after treatment as well as patient characteristics predictive of clinical responsiveness to mepolizumab after 1-year treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-seven patients with severe asthma were treated with mepolizumab for one year. Asthma control test scores, pulmonary function tests, fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels, and blood samples were evaluated. Additionally, we explored the role of CD69-positive mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells as a candidate biomarker for predicting treatment effectiveness by evaluating an OVA-induced asthma murine model using MR1 knockout mice, where MAIT cells were absent.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The frequencies of CD69-positive group 1 innate lymphoid cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, and MAIT cells decreased after mepolizumab treatment. The frequency of CD69-positive MAIT cells and neutrophils was lower and serum periostin levels were higher in responders than in non-responders. In the OVA-induced asthma murine model, CD69-positive MAIT cell count in the whole mouse lung was significantly higher than that in the control mice. Moreover, OVA-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation was exacerbated in the MAIT cell-deficient MR1 knockout mice.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study shows that circulating CD69-positive MAIT cells, neutrophils, and serum periostin might predict the real-world response after 1-year mepolizumab treatment. Furthermore, MAIT cells potentially have a protective role against type 2 airway inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":"73 1","pages":"Pages 94-106"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1323893023000503/pdfft?md5=27f97540f020f3cfefd9482bf6d7bdcc&pid=1-s2.0-S1323893023000503-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9663455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}