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A systematic review of the treatment of distal humerus fractures in older adults: A comparison of surgical and non-surgical options. 老年人肱骨远端骨折治疗的系统回顾:手术与非手术疗法的比较。
3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/17585732221099845
Michael T Stoddart, Georgios N Panagopoulos, Richard S Craig, Mark Falworth, David Butt, Will Rudge, Deborah Higgs, Addie Majed

Background: Fractures of the distal humerus are a common fragility fracture in older adults. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to produce pooled estimates of the outcomes of treatment using total elbow arthroplasty (TEA), open reduction and locking plate fixation (ORIF), hemiarthroplasty or with conservative management.

Methods: A systematic review of PUBMED and EMBASE databases was conducted for studies reporting outcomes of intra-articular fractures in older adults. Data extracted included patient-reported outcome measures as well as clinical outcomes including ROM, adverse events and all-cause reoperation rates.

Results: Forty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria and included 1838 acute, intra-articular distal humeral fractures. There was no clinically important difference in patient-reported pain and function measured on the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (TEA = 89.3 (SD 20.0), Hemi = 88.4 (SD 10.6), internal fixation = 85.0 (SD 14.7), non-operative = 85.1 (SD 11.0)).

Discussion: Each of the treatment modalities studies resulted in a reasonable level of elbow function. The included studies were largely non-comparative and at considerable risk of bias. As elbow replacement surgery becomes centralised in the UK, there is a real need for high-quality comparative research studies to inform practice.

背景:肱骨远端骨折是老年人常见的脆性骨折:肱骨远端骨折是老年人常见的脆性骨折。本研究的目的是系统回顾文献,对使用全肘关节置换术(TEA)、切开复位锁定钢板固定术(ORIF)、半关节置换术或保守治疗的结果进行汇总估算:方法:我们对 PUBMED 和 EMBASE 数据库中报告老年人关节内骨折结果的研究进行了系统性回顾。提取的数据包括患者报告的结果指标以及临床结果,包括ROM、不良事件和全因再手术率:结果:48项研究符合纳入标准,共纳入1838例急性肱骨远端关节内骨折。根据梅奥肘关节功能评分(TEA = 89.3 (SD 20.0),Hemi = 88.4 (SD 10.6),内固定 = 85.0 (SD 14.7),非手术 = 85.1 (SD 11.0)),患者报告的疼痛和功能没有显著的临床差异:讨论:每种治疗方法都能使肘关节功能达到合理水平。纳入的研究大多不具可比性,且存在相当大的偏倚风险。随着肘关节置换手术在英国的集中化,确实需要高质量的比较研究为实践提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Where the risk is more intense: riparian forests keep the euglossine bees community most affected by anthropic disturbance in the Caatinga dry forest 风险更大的地方:河岸森林是卡廷加干旱森林中受人类干扰影响最严重的八角蜂群落
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01531-3
Aline Mariza Costa Mariano, Arthur Domingos-Melo, Eduardo Gonçalves da Silva, Antonio Marcos dos Santos, Márcia de Fátima Ribeiro, Paulo Milet-Pinheiro

Anthropogenic disturbances have drastic negative effects on the biodiversity, thereby also compromising the ecosystem service it provides. Bees are one of the key players since they provide essential pollination services for both natural and agriculture ecosystems. Nevertheless, these insects are facing an increasing threat due to expansion of urban areas and inappropriate land use practices. Therefore, understanding the impact of different anthropogenic disturbances on bee communities is essential to assure the ecosystem functioning and human well-being. In this study, we made use of a well-known bee group, i.e., euglossine bees (Euglossine: Apidae), and of a fast-growing city to investigate the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on bee community. Using scent traps, we monthly collected male euglossine bees in seven sampling areas, differing in terms of the anthropogenic use/disturbance. Land use in each area was characterized through pre-georeferenced images and mapping software and from these data we calculated an Anthropogenic Transformation Index. Our results reveal that anthropogenic disturbance negatively impacts the euglossine bee community, in contrast to the positive effect of the proximity to the river. However, and perhaps the most alarming aspect of our findings, is the interaction effect between these two conditions, demonstrating that as we approach the river, parameters such as abundance, species richness, and diversity of these bee communities become more compromised by disturbance. Our study shows the urgent need to implement effective conservation strategies and sustainable management practices to protect and restore riparian forests in Caatinga urban areas, aiming to safeguard its associated biota and the valuable ecosystem services they provide.

人为干扰对生物多样性产生了严重的负面影响,从而也损害了生物多样性所提供的生态系统服务。蜜蜂是其中的关键角色之一,因为它们为自然和农业生态系统提供重要的授粉服务。然而,由于城市地区的扩张和不恰当的土地利用方式,这些昆虫正面临着越来越大的威胁。因此,了解不同人为干扰对蜜蜂群落的影响对于确保生态系统功能和人类福祉至关重要。在这项研究中,我们利用一个著名的蜂群--八角蜂(Euglossine: Apidae)和一个快速发展的城市来研究人为干扰对蜜蜂群落的影响。我们使用气味诱捕器,每月在人为使用/干扰程度不同的七个采样区采集雄性八角蜂。每个区域的土地使用情况都通过预先参照的图像和绘图软件进行了描述,我们根据这些数据计算出了人为改造指数。我们的研究结果表明,人为干扰对优格蜜蜂群落产生了负面影响,而靠近河流则产生了正面影响。然而,我们的研究结果中最令人担忧的一点可能是这两种情况之间的交互效应,这表明随着我们靠近河流,这些蜜蜂群落的丰度、物种丰富度和多样性等参数受到干扰的影响会越来越大。我们的研究表明,迫切需要实施有效的保护战略和可持续管理措施,以保护和恢复卡廷加城市地区的河岸森林,从而保护其相关生物群落及其提供的宝贵生态系统服务。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of exotic species management on the recovery of relict forests through citizen participation 外来物种管理对通过公民参与恢复孑遗森林的影响
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01535-z
Nihaib Flores-Galicia, Erick Gutiérrez, Irma Trejo

In the cities, remnants of the vegetation that originally occupied these areas can be found. Exotic species have established in these relicts, and therefore these spaces require management aimed at recovering native vegetation. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the removing exotic species on the floristic composition of the remnants of an oak forest. We compared the abundance/cover and composition of exotic plants in a forest that has been managed through citizen participation with that of reference forests (both with remnants, but the former without protection and the latter with protection). We established 48 sampling sites to characterize the vegetation in three strata (upper, middle, and low) and monitored changes in composition in managed forest sites for a period of 3 years. The results indicate that the managed forest hosts different species than those found in the reference forests, with lower abundance and cover of exotic plants in the upper and lower strata. Regarding temporal changes, we observed shifts in floristic composition before and after management activities, and a reduction in the cover of exotic species before and after management, with consistently low cover three years later. This underscores the effectiveness of citizen-led management activities, offering a viable alternative for restoring native vegetation in urban environments.

在城市中,可以发现这些地区原来的植被遗迹。外来物种已经在这些遗迹中生长,因此需要对这些空间进行管理,以恢复本地植被。在这项研究中,我们评估了移除外来物种对橡树林遗迹植物组成的影响。我们比较了通过公民参与管理的森林与参照森林(均有残迹,但前者未受保护,后者受保护)中外来植物的丰度/覆盖率和组成。我们建立了 48 个取样点,以描述三个层(上层、中层和低层)的植被特征,并在 3 年时间里监测受管理森林中植被组成的变化。结果表明,人工林中的物种与参照林中的物种不同,上层和下层中外来植物的丰度和覆盖率较低。在时间变化方面,我们观察到管理活动前后植物组成的变化,以及管理前后外来物种覆盖率的降低,三年后覆盖率持续较低。这凸显了市民主导的管理活动的有效性,为在城市环境中恢复本地植被提供了一种可行的选择。
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引用次数: 0
The invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides modifies the sediment microbiome in urban and periurban river wetlands 入侵物种 Alternanthera philoxeroides 改变了城市和城郊河流湿地的沉积物微生物组
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01534-0
Tong Wang, Jinming Yang, Yongfeng Zhu, Zeyu Zhang, Xiaolong Chi, Zhen Sun, Chunlin Wang, Lizheng Fang, Hongrui Dou, Zhenghao Fan, Shimei Li, Chunhua Liu

Few studies have evaluated the invasive effects on soil properties in urban ecosystems. In this study, population density and impervious surface area were used to divide the two river wetlands of Qingdao City, China— River Zhangcun and River Wenquan—into urban and periurban types. Sediments were sampled from plots colonized by the invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and the native Typha angustifolia in these two river wetlands. The sediment properties, including fertility, stoichiometry, microbial diversity indices (observed species, Chao1, Shannon’s diversity index and Simpson’s diversity index) and species composition, were evaluated and compared. We found similar fertility and stoichiometry between sediments derived from invasive and native species. A greater bacterial diversity was found in the sediment derived from A. philoxeroides in the periurban river, while a greater fungal diversity was merely shown for the Shannon’s diversity index of A. philoxeroides regardless of river types. In addition, more microbes relevant to nutrient cycling processes, such as denitrification, accumulated in response to invasion, which may have decreased the habitat quality and impeded the invasion of T. angustifolia into A. philoxeroides populations. The discrepancy in urbanization status affected the impact of plant colonization on sediment properties, and the opposite results were shown for the comparisons of sediment nitrogen availability and bacterial diversity between the two species. Urbanization discriminated the impact of invasion to some degree. The invasion of A. philoxeroides altered the sediment microbiome, and the potential plant‒soil feedback needs further investigation.

很少有研究评估入侵对城市生态系统土壤性质的影响。本研究利用人口密度和不透水表面积将中国青岛市的两处河流湿地--张村河和温泉河--划分为城市和近郊类型。沉积物取样于这两处河流湿地中的入侵植物鹅掌揪(Alternanthera philoxeroides)和原生植物香蒲(Typha angustifolia)定殖的地块。我们评估并比较了沉积物的特性,包括肥力、化学计量、微生物多样性指数(观察物种、Chao1、香农多样性指数和辛普森多样性指数)以及物种组成。我们发现,来自入侵物种和本地物种的沉积物具有相似的肥力和化学计量学。在城郊河流中发现,来自 A. philoxeroides 的沉积物中细菌的多样性更高,而 A. philoxeroides 的香农多样性指数则显示出更高的真菌多样性,与河流类型无关。此外,更多与营养循环过程(如反硝化)相关的微生物随着入侵而积累,这可能降低了栖息地的质量,阻碍了T. angustifolia对A. philoxeroides种群的入侵。城市化状况的差异影响了植物定殖对沉积物性质的影响,两种物种的沉积物氮可用性和细菌多样性的比较结果恰恰相反。城市化在一定程度上区分了入侵的影响。A.philoxeroides的入侵改变了沉积物微生物组,潜在的植物-土壤反馈还需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Insects as potential vectors of phytoplasmas in urban trees in a mega-city: a case study in Bogotá, Colombia 昆虫作为特大城市树木中植物病原体的潜在传播媒介:哥伦比亚波哥大的一项案例研究
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01524-2

Abstract

Urban trees offer many ecosystem services which can be affected by pathogens, including phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas cause regulator growth imbalances in infected plants, which produce deviations from the normal plant architecture, among other symptoms. In Bogotá, Colombia, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini’ infect at least 11 species of urban trees, including Andean oak. This tree species is endemic to Colombia and Panama, and it plays an important ecologic role in the Colombian Andes wild forests. In Bogotá, knowledge about the insect vectors associated with the transmission of phytoplasmas to Andean oak is scarce. In this work we sampled the entomofauna of Andean oaks and evaluated the role of Cicadellidae and Psylloidea taxa as potential vectors of phytoplasmas in Bogotá. Insects were captured using direct and indirect sampling methods from Andean oaks at three contrasting sites in Bogotá, and also from neighbouring trees. The insects were identified by morphological and molecular methods and tested for phytoplasmas. In total, 510 Cicadellidae members of 13 taxa and 129 Psylloidea of 8 taxa were captured; richness and abundance depended on the type and sampling site. The most abundant species were Scaphytopius (Convelinus) sp. (Cicadellidae) and Acizzia uncatoides (Psylloidea). Leafhoppers positive for phytoplasmas were Chiasmodolini, Dikrella (Readionia) sp., Empoasca sp. and Scaphytopius sp. taxa. Our results suggest that several potential species of phytoplasmas may be dispersing phytoplasmas to Andean oaks and other urban tree species. It is necessary to conduct transmission tests to evaluate the transmission capacity of the potential vectors.

摘要 城市树木提供了许多生态系统服务,这些服务可能会受到病原体(包括植物病原体)的影响。植原体会导致受感染植物的生长调节失衡,从而产生偏离正常植物结构等症状。在哥伦比亚波哥大,"星形拟囊霉菌 "和 "fraxini 拟囊霉菌 "感染了至少 11 种城市树木,其中包括安第斯橡树。该树种是哥伦比亚和巴拿马的特有树种,在哥伦比亚安第斯野生森林中发挥着重要的生态作用。在波哥大,与安第斯栎树植物病原体传播相关的昆虫媒介知识非常匮乏。在这项工作中,我们对安第斯橡树的内生动物群进行了取样,并评估了蝉科和鞘翅目类群作为波哥大植物病原体潜在传播媒介的作用。采用直接和间接取样方法,在波哥大三个不同地点的安第斯橡树以及邻近树木上捕获了昆虫。通过形态学和分子方法对昆虫进行了鉴定,并对植物病原体进行了检测。总共捕获了 13 个分类群中的 510 种蝉科昆虫和 8 个分类群中的 129 种鞘翅目昆虫;昆虫的丰富度和丰度取决于种类和取样地点。数量最多的物种是 Scaphytopius (Convelinus) sp.(蝉科)和 Acizzia uncatoides(Psylloidea)。对植原体呈阳性的叶蝉有 Chiasmodolini、Dikrella (Readionia) sp.、Empoasca sp.和 Scaphytopius sp.类群。我们的研究结果表明,有几种潜在的植物病原体可能会将植物病原体传播到安第斯橡树和其他城市树种上。有必要进行传播测试,以评估潜在病媒的传播能力。
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引用次数: 0
Use of wildlife-friendly structures in residential gardens by animal wildlife: evidence from citizen scientists in a global biodiversity hotspot 动物野生动物使用住宅花园中的野生动物友好型结构:来自全球生物多样性热点地区公民科学家的证据
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01530-4

Abstract

Private gardens comprise a large component of greenspace in cities and can offer substantial conservation opportunities. There has been strong advocacy from researchers, policymakers, and conservation practitioners to engage householders in wildlife-friendly gardening practices to increase the quantity, quality and connection of habitat resources for urban wildlife. Despite this call to action, there remains limited knowledge on the use and benefit of some wildlife-friendly structures within gardens, such as artificial refuges and water sources. In collaboration with 131 citizen scientists in southwestern Australia, we examined the use of seven wildlife-friendly structure types by four vertebrate taxa groups. Following 2841 wildlife surveys undertaken between 31 July 2022 and 22 February 2023, we found that all structures were used primarily by target taxa, water sources were often used by relatively common species, certain structures such as possum shelters were used by rare and threatened species (e.g. western ringtail possum), and that there was evidence of animals making use of the wildlife-friendly structures for reproduction (e.g. bird eggs in nest boxes and tadpoles in water sources). Water sources were used more frequently and by a greater diversity of wildlife than artificial refuges. In particular, bird baths were used by the highest number of species (mainly birds) while ponds were used by the greatest variety of taxa (birds, reptiles, frogs, mammals). Our findings provide evidence-based support for the advocacy of wildlife-friendly gardening practices and further highlight the role of residential gardens for biodiversity conservation.

摘要 私家花园占城市绿地的很大一部分,可提供大量保护机会。研究人员、政策制定者和保护工作者一直大力提倡让住户参与野生动物友好型园艺实践,以增加城市野生动物栖息地资源的数量、质量和联系。尽管有这样的呼吁,但人们对园林中一些野生动物友好型结构(如人工庇护所和水源)的使用和益处的了解仍然有限。我们与澳大利亚西南部的 131 位公民科学家合作,研究了四类脊椎动物对七种野生动物友好型结构的使用情况。在 2022 年 7 月 31 日至 2023 年 2 月 22 日期间进行了 2841 次野生动物调查后,我们发现所有结构都主要被目标类群使用,水源经常被相对常见的物种使用,某些结构(如负鼠庇护所)被稀有和受威胁物种(如西部环尾负鼠)使用,并且有证据表明动物利用野生动物友好型结构进行繁殖(如巢箱中的鸟蛋和水源中的蝌蚪)。与人工庇护所相比,水源的使用频率更高,野生动物的种类也更多。特别是,鸟浴被最多的物种(主要是鸟类)使用,而池塘则被最多的类群(鸟类、爬行动物、青蛙、哺乳动物)使用。我们的研究结果为倡导野生动物友好型园艺实践提供了基于证据的支持,并进一步强调了住宅花园在保护生物多样性方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Urban beaver ponds show limited impact on stream carbon quantity in contrast to stormwater ponds 与雨水池塘相比,城市海狸池塘对溪流碳量的影响有限
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01536-y
Julian Sheppy, Elizabeth B. Sudduth, Sandra Clinton, Diego Riveros-Iregui, Sarah H. Ledford

Urban beaver and stormwater ponds provide hydrologic retention in the landscape while collecting dissolved organic matter (DOM)-rich runoff that can promote primary productivity. Our objective was to determine how the quantity, source, and bioavailability of DOM changed across urban stormwater and beaver pond systems, then compare the two pond types to each other. We measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) from upstream, within, and downstream of seven ponds in Atlanta, GA, USA, biweekly from March to December 2021. Additionally, we completed 28-day laboratory microcosm incubations of pond in- and out-flow during summer and autumn of 2021. We found higher concentrations of DOC in the pond and outflows of stormwater ponds, whereas beaver ponds did not cause any change. Effects of pond type (beaver vs. stormwater) were greater than other controls on concentration, including flow and season. In contrast, SUVA254 showed a shift toward more aromatic carbon below both systems without a clear difference between pond types. Beaver and stormwater pond outflows had similar ranges of DOM bioavailability in summer, but during autumn bioavailability at both sites declined to near zero. Overall, we found that stormwater ponds and beaver ponds had similar impacts on aromaticity and bioavailability, however stormwater ponds increased the quantity of DOC while beaver ponds did not. This suggests that in addition to increasing hydrologic residence times in urbanized systems, urban beaver ponds may limit the export of bioavailable carbon and reduce microbial processing downstream.

城市海狸池塘和雨水池塘在景观中提供水文滞留,同时收集富含溶解有机物(DOM)的径流,从而促进初级生产力。我们的目标是确定 DOM 的数量、来源和生物利用率在城市雨水和海狸池塘系统中的变化情况,然后将这两种池塘类型进行比较。从 2021 年 3 月到 12 月,我们每两周测量一次美国佐治亚州亚特兰大市七个池塘上游、内部和下游的溶解有机碳 (DOC) 和 254 纳米波长的特定紫外线吸收率 (SUVA254)。此外,我们还在 2021 年夏季和秋季完成了为期 28 天的池塘内外流实验室微生态系统培养。我们发现,雨水池塘的池塘和外流的 DOC 浓度较高,而海狸池塘没有引起任何变化。池塘类型(海狸塘与雨水塘)对浓度的影响大于其他控制因素,包括流量和季节。与此相反,SUVA254 在两个系统下都显示出芳香碳的增加,而池塘类型之间没有明显差异。海狸池和雨水池塘流出的 DOM 生物可利用度在夏季的范围相似,但在秋季,两个地点的生物可利用度都下降到接近于零。总体而言,我们发现雨水池塘和海狸池塘对芳香度和生物利用率的影响相似,但雨水池塘增加了 DOC 的数量,而海狸池塘则没有。这表明,除了增加城市化系统中的水文停留时间外,城市海狸塘还可能限制生物可用碳的输出,减少下游微生物的处理。
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引用次数: 0
China’s urban green growth from 2000 to 2020 is influenced by legacy effects 2000 至 2020 年中国城市绿化增长受遗产效应影响
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-023-01503-z
Hai-Li Zhang, Hao Xiu, Mir Muhammad Nizamani, Qing Zhou, Kaijun Long, Yunfan Quan, Tingting Fu, Qinghui Sun

In the face of accelerating urbanization, Urban Green Spaces (UGS) have become vital for sustaining urban ecosystems and the health and well-being of urban residents. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the growth rate of urban green space (GRUGS) across various regions in China over a two-decade period, highlighting the interplay between urban development, population dynamics, and ecological sustainability. The research meticulously examines the impacts of urban built-up area expansion, population growth, and air pollution on GRUGS. It categorizes 291 Chinese cities into 15 urban agglomerations and utilizes data on urban built-up areas, population, and PM2.5 levels from 2000 to 2020. The findings reveal a mixed picture: while some regions demonstrate a robust commitment to integrating green spaces within urban growth, evident in high GRUGS values, others struggle to preserve green spaces amidst rapid urban expansion and population surges. This study underscores the necessity of tailored urban planning strategies that are region-specific and the ongoing need for innovation in urban development to achieve ecological sustainability. The insights garnered are invaluable for policymakers and urban planners, stressing the indispensable role of green spaces in enhancing urban life quality and securing sustainable urban environments.

面对不断加速的城市化进程,城市绿地(UGS)对于维持城市生态系统和城市居民的健康与福祉至关重要。本研究全面分析了二十年来中国各地区城市绿地(GRUGS)的增长率,突出强调了城市发展、人口动态和生态可持续性之间的相互作用。研究细致考察了城市建成区扩张、人口增长和空气污染对城市绿地的影响。研究将中国 291 个城市划分为 15 个城市群,并利用 2000 年至 2020 年的城市建成区、人口和 PM2.5 水平数据进行分析。研究结果揭示了一个喜忧参半的局面:一些地区表现出将绿地融入城市发展的坚定决心,GRUGS 的高值就是明证;而另一些地区则在城市快速扩张和人口激增的情况下努力保护绿地。这项研究强调了根据地区特点制定有针对性的城市规划战略的必要性,以及在城市发展中不断创新以实现生态可持续性的必要性。所获得的见解对决策者和城市规划者来说非常宝贵,强调了绿地在提高城市生活质量和确保可持续城市环境方面不可或缺的作用。
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引用次数: 0
What factors are influencing peri-urban forest carbon storage in different land use types based on permanent plots from 2009–2018 基于 2009-2018 年永久性地块,哪些因素影响不同土地利用类型的城郊森林碳储存
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-023-01461-6
Yanyan Wei, Min Zhao, Jun Gao

Urban forests are crucial in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Forest structure and composition in particular are important indicators influencing forest carbon storage. In this study, a long-term survey in Chongming Island was used as a case study to examine temporally the changes in an urban forest and its assemblage of woody plant specifically during 10 years. We measured species evenness, species diversity, canopy cover, tree density and aboveground carbon storage (ACS) in three broad land use types including agriculture uses (ALU), forest land uses (WLU), and constructed land uses (CLU). Using field data from long-term permanent plots and structural equation modeling (SEM), the objective of the study was to estimate the direct and indirect effects of these metrics on ACS across these three land use types. The study showed that species evenness, species diversity, canopy cover, and tree density all increased in the ALU, WLU, and CLU. Meanwhile, the tree ACS was higher than shrub ACS. Average ACS increased by 2.07, 9.89, 4.06 MgC/ha in CLU, ALU, CLU, respectively. Both key dominant species, Cinnamomum camphora and Metasequoia glyptostroboides played critical roles in determining ACS. Vegetation density strongly directly affected on ACS in WLU, whereas canopy cover exerted the similar effect on ACS in ALU. Additionally, species evenness had a strong positive direct effect on ACS, but a strong negative direct effect of species diversity occurred. Finally, a strong positive indirect effect on ACS from canopy cover was found in CLU from 2009 to 2018. The findings can provide useful assessment indicators for managing peri-forests to improve forest carbon storage to speed up accomplishment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

城市森林对于降低大气中的二氧化碳(CO2)浓度至关重要。森林结构和组成尤其是影响森林碳储量的重要指标。本研究以崇明岛的一项长期调查为例,从时间上考察了城市森林及其木本植物群在 10 年间的变化。我们测量了包括农业用地(ALU)、林业用地(WLU)和建设用地(CLU)在内的三大土地利用类型的物种均匀度、物种多样性、树冠覆盖率、树木密度和地上碳储量(ACS)。利用长期永久性地块的实地数据和结构方程模型(SEM),该研究旨在估算这些指标对这三种土地利用类型的 ACS 的直接和间接影响。研究表明,在 ALU、WLU 和 CLU 中,物种均匀度、物种多样性、树冠覆盖率和树木密度都有所增加。同时,乔木 ACS 高于灌木 ACS。CLU、ALU和CLU的平均ACS分别增加了2.07、9.89和4.06毫克碳/公顷。主要优势树种樟树和水杉对 ACS 起着至关重要的作用。在 WLU 中,植被密度对 ACS 有直接影响,而在 ALU 中,冠层覆盖对 ACS 也有类似的影响。此外,物种均匀度对 ACS 有很强的正向直接影响,但物种多样性对 ACS 有很强的负向直接影响。最后,2009 年至 2018 年期间,在中国林业大学发现了树冠覆盖对 ACS 的强烈正向间接影响。这些研究结果可为围森林管理提供有用的评估指标,以提高森林碳储量,加快实现可持续发展目标(SDGs)。
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引用次数: 0
Water snakes have a high diversity of parasites in anthropized environments 水蛇在人类环境中的寄生虫种类繁多
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01528-y
Monique C. Oliveira, Cristiana Ferreira-Silva, Reinaldo J. Silva, Frederico G. R. França, Ricardo Lorenço-de-Moraes

Because of their host's energetic exhaustion, parasites are among the first species to be influenced by environmental changes. The change in habitats caused by human activities can negatively influence ecosystems, reducing the resistance of host species to parasite attacks. There is little information on the role of urban disturbance in altering diversity and parasitic interactions in aquatic snakes. In this study, the diversity and structure of the parasite community in the water snake Helicops angulatus were investigated. The snakes were collected in three habitat areas (urban, periurban, and forest) in three municipalities on the north coast of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Forty of the 158 watersnakes analyzed (25.3%) were infected. In total, 137 helminths were collected, representing an overall mean infection intensity of 3.58 ± 2.0. Considering both habitats environments (urban, peri-urban and forest), six Nematoda taxa (Oswaldocruzia mazzai, Brevimulticaecum sp., Eustrongylides sp., Physaloptera sp., Filariidae larva, and an unidentified Nematoda larva), four trematodes (Infidum aff. similis, Travtrema aff. stenocotyle, Heterodiplostomum helicopsis, and encysted metacercariae), two Acanthocephala (Centrorhynchidae gen. sp. and Oligacanthorhynchidae gen. sp.), and one Pentastomida (Sebekia oxycephala) were found, all of which represent the first record for H. angulatus with the exception of S. oxycephala.. The species diversity of endoparasites in H. angulatus was greater in urbanized habitats. Regarding interaction networks, there was low modularity and no nesting. This result may be linked to anthropization, indicating changes in the parasite-host relationship due to urbanization. In the forest areas there was a significant difference in the number of individuals, which was due to a single species of parasite (Physaloptera sp., 21 individuals) where it infected a single female. Physaloptera was the most abundant endoparasite present in the three areas. There were no significant differences in the size and sex of the snakes with parasite infection. This study provides important information about the relationships between parasites, hosts, and the habitat. It also shows that the increase in parasite diversity and new records are linked to habitat degradation.

由于寄主的能量耗尽,寄生虫是最先受到环境变化影响的物种之一。人类活动造成的栖息地变化会对生态系统产生负面影响,降低宿主物种对寄生虫攻击的抵抗力。关于城市干扰在改变水生蛇类多样性和寄生虫相互作用方面所起作用的信息很少。本研究调查了水蛇寄生虫群落的多样性和结构。研究人员在巴西帕拉伊巴州北海岸三个城市的三个栖息地(城市、城市周边和森林)收集了水蛇。在分析的 158 条水蛇中,有 40 条(25.3%)受到感染。总共收集到 137 种蠕虫,总平均感染强度为 3.58 ± 2.0。考虑到两种栖息地环境(城市、近郊和森林),6 个线虫类群(Oswaldocruzia mazzai、Brevimulticaecum sp.、Eustrongylides sp.、Physaloptera sp、幼虫,以及一种未确定的线虫幼虫),四种吸虫(Infidum aff.除了S. oxycephala外,所有这些都是H. angulatus的首次记录。在城市化的栖息地中,安哥拉虹鳟内寄生虫的物种多样性更高。在相互作用网络方面,模块化程度低,没有筑巢现象。这一结果可能与人类化有关,表明寄生虫与宿主的关系因城市化而发生了变化。在森林地区,寄生虫的个体数量存在显著差异,这是由于一种寄生虫(Physaloptera sp.,21 个个体)感染了一只雌性寄生虫。Physaloptera是三个地区出现最多的内寄生虫。感染寄生虫的蛇在体型和性别上没有明显差异。这项研究提供了寄生虫、宿主和栖息地之间关系的重要信息。研究还表明,寄生虫多样性和新记录的增加与栖息地退化有关。
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引用次数: 0
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Urban Ecosystems
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