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Effects of urbanization-related disturbances on macroinvertebrate communities in a Patagonian river system: insights from a functional approach 与城市化有关的干扰对巴塔哥尼亚河流系统大型无脊椎动物群落的影响:功能方法的启示
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01540-2
Emilio A. Williams‐Subiza, Cecilia Brand, Y. Assef, Marta G. Grech, M. L. Miserendino
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引用次数: 0
The luxury effect in urban aquatic ecosystems: exploring drivers of change 城市水生生态系统的奢侈品效应:探索变化的驱动因素
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01549-7
Piatã Marques, Andrew T.M. Chin, Jonathan L.W. Ruppert, N. Mandrak
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引用次数: 0
Policy-making for peri-urban landscapes as arenas of human-wildlife interactions 制定城郊景观政策,将其作为人类与野生动物互动的舞台
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01548-8
Annemarie Tabea Roth, Janina Kleemann, Marcin Spyra

Peri-urban landscapes are transitional areas between urban and rural areas that are constantly changing. They are characterised by land use mixes and land cover changes, leading to significant changes in wildlife habitats. These changes, combined with an increasing anthropogenic presence, turn peri-urban landscapes into arenas of intensified human-wildlife interactions. In many scientifically documented cases, scientists are focusing on negative interactions. Furthermore, research about appropriate policy instruments for managing human-wildlife interactions is rare. This study focused on case studies and their characteristics from around the world on positive, neutral, or negative interactions between humans and wildlife at local level. In addition, influencing factors of human-wildlife interactions and policy instruments for managing human-wildlife interactions in peri-urban landscapes were addressed. A survey was conducted with an international group of scientists and practitioners working in this field. The results showed that various species were involved in human-wildlife interactions in peri-urban landscapes worldwide, with mammals as being the most common taxon. Contemporary changes in land use and land cover could be identified as a significant factor for increasing human-wildlife interactions in peri-urban landscapes. It can be highlighted that a policy mix consisting mainly of social and cultural instruments in combination with legal and regulatory instruments could be most suitable to address this situation.

城郊景观是城市和农村地区之间的过渡区域,不断发生着变化。它们的特点是土地利用组合和土地植被变化,导致野生动物栖息地发生重大变化。这些变化,再加上人类活动的不断增加,使城郊景观成为人类与野生动物互动加剧的舞台。在许多有科学记录的案例中,科学家们关注的是负面的相互作用。此外,有关管理人类与野生动物互动的适当政策工具的研究也很少见。本研究的重点是世界各地关于地方一级人类与野生动物之间积极、中性或消极互动的案例研究及其特点。此外,还探讨了城郊地貌中人类与野生动物互动的影响因素和管理人类与野生动物互动的政策工具。对这一领域的国际科学家和从业人员进行了调查。调查结果表明,在世界各地的城郊景观中,各种物种都参与了人类与野生动物的互动,其中哺乳动物是最常见的分类群。当代土地利用和土地覆盖的变化被认为是城郊景观中人类与野生动物互动加剧的一个重要因素。可以强调的是,主要由社会和文化手段与法律和监管手段相结合的政策组合可能最适合解决这种情况。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating biocultural diversity into urban school grounds through transdisciplinary curriculum design 通过跨学科课程设计将生物文化多样性融入城市校园
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01541-1
Shari L. Wilson

In these times of decreasing connection with nature, we are experiencing the loss of both biodiversity and cultural traditions. A sense of place, often developed over a period of time, grounds us and is the foundation of our caring about nature and the environment. To regain this sense of place, particularly in urban areas, empowerment and creation of civic engagement skills are necessary. Schoobio, a middle and high school curriculum, guides students through a transdisciplinary progression of activities that develop the competencies needed for making transformative sustainability change. The curriculum is designed to provide youth with the skills to live sustainably and value biodiversity and multiculturalism. The activities culminate in the students’ design and presentation of a plan for more ecologically and bioculturally diverse school grounds. Biodiversity and culture are not usually taught together, even though the loss of biodiverse areas can also result in the loss of cultural knowledge and traditions critical to the management of those areas. Schoobio’s foundation rests on bringing together these two facets of our being with the goals of supporting students in their actions as change agents to increase wildlife habitat and the cultural relevance of their school grounds, and to prepare them to live sustainably. This article describes the benefits of teaching biodiversity and culture together. It was developed using pragmatic constructivism as a foundation, and uses quantitative sampling to show how a transdisciplinary curriculum such as Schoobio that is place-based and informed throughout its creation by a community of practice can fulfill these benefits.

在这个与自然的联系日益减少的时代,我们正在经历生物多样性和文化传统的丧失。地方感往往是经过一段时间形成的,它是我们的根基,也是我们关心自然和环境的基础。要重拾这种地方感,尤其是在城市地区,就必须增强能力和培养公民参与技能。Schoobio 是一门初中和高中课程,它引导学生通过跨学科的渐进式活动,培养实现可持续发展变革所需的能力。该课程旨在向青少年传授可持续生活、重视生物多样性和多元文化的技能。这些活动的最终目的是让学生们设计并展示一个更具生态和生物文化多样性的校园计划。生物多样性和文化通常不会放在一起讲授,尽管生物多样性区域的丧失也会导致对这些区域的管理至关重要的文化知识和传统的丧失。Schoobio 的基础是将我们的这两个方面结合起来,目的是支持学生作为变革推动者采取行动,以增加野生动物栖息地和校园的文化相关性,并培养他们可持续地生活。本文介绍了将生物多样性和文化结合起来教学的好处。文章以实用建构主义为基础,通过定量取样来说明跨学科课程(如 Schoobio)如何实现这些益处。
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引用次数: 0
You are what you eat: urban soil lead predicts American robin (Turdus migratorius) blood lead in Flint, MI 民以食为天:密歇根州弗林特市的城市土壤铅含量可预测美国知更鸟(Turdus migratorius)的血铅含量
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01546-w
Dorothy L. Zahor, Kenneth J. Glynn, Brian Majestic, Jamie M. Cornelius

High levels of pollutants can occur in urban environments and pose a threat to human residents as well as local wildlife. Many urban centers suffer from lead-contaminated drinking water due to the corrosion of pipe infrastructure. Irrigation with this water may contribute to soil lead levels. The American robin (Turdus migratorius) is a widespread songbird in North America, well-known for hunting earthworms in urban lawns. This earthworm specialization results in the ingestion of large amounts of soil. This study investigates the impact of the Flint, Michigan (MI) water crisis, during which the city water supply was contaminated with lead, on American robins during their breeding season in southeast MI. We compared soil lead levels (SLL) and blood lead levels (BLL) of birds captured at irrigated sites of Flint to those captured at non-irrigated sites of Flint during April - August from 2018 to 2020. Control sites included irrigated sites in a nearby city without a known history of lead pollution (Ypsilanti, MI: irrigated urban control) and non-irrigated rural sites. BLL were elevated in irrigated sites of Flint relative to the irrigated urban control and non-irrigated rural sites. Further, robin BLL were positively and strongly correlated with lawn SLL across our seven study sites suggesting that high BLL in American robins may predict elevated soil lead levels. Further research should address how lead might be impacting urban wildlife and if robins can serve as a bioindicator of lead exposure for other neighborhood inhabitants, including human children whose main route of lead exposure is through soil contact.

高浓度的污染物可能出现在城市环境中,并对人类居民和当地野生动物构成威胁。由于管道基础设施的腐蚀,许多城市中心的饮用水受到铅污染。用这种水灌溉可能会增加土壤中的铅含量。美国知更鸟(Turdus migratorius)是北美一种广泛分布的鸣禽,以捕食城市草坪中的蚯蚓而闻名。蚯蚓的这种专一性导致其摄入大量土壤。本研究调查了密歇根州弗林特(Flint)水危机对美国知更鸟在密歇根州东南部繁殖季节的影响。我们比较了 2018 年 4 月至 2020 年 8 月期间在弗林特灌溉地点捕获的鸟类与在弗林特非灌溉地点捕获的鸟类的土壤铅含量(SLL)和血铅含量(BLL)。对照地点包括附近一个没有已知铅污染历史的城市的灌溉地点(密歇根州伊普西兰蒂:城市灌溉对照)和非灌溉农村地点。相对于城市灌溉对照点和非灌溉农村点,弗林特灌溉点的 BLL 有所升高。此外,在我们的七个研究地点中,知更鸟 BLL 与草坪 SLL 呈强正相关,这表明美国知更鸟的高 BLL 可能预示着土壤铅含量的升高。进一步的研究应该解决铅如何影响城市野生动物的问题,以及知更鸟是否可以作为其他社区居民(包括儿童)铅暴露的生物指标,因为儿童铅暴露的主要途径是接触土壤。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid urbanization declined mammals and mammal-mediated seed dispersal in a megacity, central China 中国中部特大城市的快速城市化导致哺乳动物数量下降以及哺乳动物介导的种子传播
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01544-y
Hengyue Zhao, Zhiwen Chen, Min Zhang, Hongyu Niu, Hongmao Zhang

Rapid urbanization has caused a series of environmental problems, but its influences on animal-related ecological functions (e.g., seed dispersal) have not been fully studied. Mammals are ideal models for studying the functional consequences of urbanization because they are sensitive to environmental changes. It is well known that large- and medium-sized mammals are vulnerable in fragmentation ecosystem. However, little is known about the functional responses of small mammals (e.g., rodents) to the rapid urbanization. Using infrared cameras and tagged seeds, here, we quantified mammals and mammal-mediated seed dispersal (i.e., Quercus variabilis) in 11 forest patches along city-suburb-exurban gradient in a rapidly urbanizing megacity, central China. We wanted to determine the effects of defaunation on seed dispersal in the isolated urban forests. The results showed that abundance of seed dispersers was higher in the natural exurban forests than in the city forests, while abundance of seed predators did not vary significantly along the city-suburb-exurban gradient. The percentage of seed dispersal was positively associated with the abundance seed dispersers, while the percentage of seed predation increased with the abundance of seed predators. Seed dispersers loss (e.g., small rodents) disrupted the mammal-mediated seed dispersal, possibly contributing to the degradation of urbanized forests. These results suggest that defaunation effects are obvious in the rapidly urbanizing cities, in that abundance of seed dispersers, and mammal-mediated seed dispersal are undergoing decline in the urbanized forests. In order to maintain seed dispersal and natural regeneration of urban forests, diversity of small mammals (e.g., rodents) and their ecological services should be considered in ecological-based urban planning and management.

快速城市化带来了一系列环境问题,但其对动物相关生态功能(如种子传播)的影响尚未得到充分研究。哺乳动物是研究城市化功能后果的理想模型,因为它们对环境变化非常敏感。众所周知,大中型哺乳动物在破碎化生态系统中很脆弱。然而,人们对小型哺乳动物(如啮齿动物)对快速城市化的功能反应却知之甚少。在这里,我们利用红外相机和标记的种子,对中国中部一个快速城市化的特大城市沿城市-郊区-城市梯度的11个森林斑块中的哺乳动物和哺乳动物介导的种子传播(即柞树)进行了量化。我们希望确定荒漠化对孤立的城市森林中种子扩散的影响。结果表明,在自然的郊外森林中,种子散播者的丰度高于城市森林,而种子捕食者的丰度在城市-郊区-城市梯度上没有显著差异。种子散播的百分比与种子散播者的数量呈正相关,而种子捕食的百分比则随着种子捕食者数量的增加而增加。种子散播者(如小型啮齿类动物)的损失破坏了哺乳动物介导的种子散播,可能导致了城市化森林的退化。这些结果表明,在快速城市化的城市中,失调效应非常明显,因为在城市化森林中,种子散播者的数量和以哺乳动物为媒介的种子散播都在下降。为了维持城市森林的种子传播和自然再生,在基于生态的城市规划和管理中应考虑小型哺乳动物(如啮齿动物)的多样性及其生态服务。
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引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal use of urban rivers by local bat populations in a large city (Cracow, Southern Poland) 大城市(波兰南部克拉科夫)当地蝙蝠种群对城市河流的时空利用
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01545-x
Joanna Kohyt, Justyna Karczmarz, Andrea Pereswiet-Soltan, Ewa Pierzchała

Urban watercourses are an essential part of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) that can mitigate the negative impact of habitat loss resulting from urbanization. Many studies on temperate urban bats activity did not concern its seasonal variations. Our work evaluated the bats’ activity and occurrence in different urban riverside environments throughout the vegetation period. Our results showed that long-range echolocators were represented mainly by Nyctalus noctula. Their activity peak occurred in late summer in open habitats of high anthropogenic pressure levels, and at least part of the population was present year-round in the city. Recently reported from Cracow: Hypsugo savii and Pipistrellus kuhlii were confirmed in the medium-range echolocators. The high occurrence of P. pygmeus with a relatively low P. pipistrellus was noteworthy and is probably a result of the low competitiveness of the latter in the presence of P. kuhlii. Two spring and late summer activity peaks on different rivers suggest different migration corridors from and to hibernacula. However, the autumn activity in the city center may also indicate partial hibernation in the old town. The activity peak of short-range echolocators occurred in spring, as expected - mainly in a narrow riverbed and low anthropogenic pressure environments. However, ambiguous spring and late summer activity in the open with the highest anthropogenic pressure environment may result from the rapidly progressing synurbization of M. daubentonii. Our results indicate the need to monitor the bat adaptation process to the cities in the context of dynamic climatic and environmental changes.

城市河道是蓝绿基础设施(BGI)的重要组成部分,可以减轻城市化导致栖息地丧失的负面影响。许多关于温带城市蝙蝠活动的研究并不关注其季节性变化。我们的研究评估了不同城市河边环境中蝙蝠在整个植被期的活动和出现情况。我们的研究结果表明,远距离回声定位的蝙蝠主要以 Nyctalus noctula 为代表。它们的活动高峰出现在夏末人为压力水平较高的开阔栖息地,至少有一部分种群全年都出现在城市中。最近在克拉科夫也有报道:Hypsugo savii 和 Pipistrellus kuhlii 在中距离回声定位器中得到证实。值得注意的是,P. pygmeus 的出现率很高,而 P. pipistrellus 的出现率相对较低,这可能是后者在 P. kuhlii 的存在下竞争力较低的结果。春季和夏末在不同河流上出现的两个活动高峰表明,从冬眠地到冬眠地的迁徙通道不同。不过,市中心的秋季活动也可能表明它们在老城区进行了部分冬眠。短程回声定位器的活动高峰出现在春季,正如预期的那样--主要出现在狭窄的河床和人为压力较低的环境中。然而,在人为压力最大的开阔地,春季和夏末的活动并不明确,这可能是由于大本钟蝠的快速同化造成的。我们的研究结果表明,有必要在动态气候和环境变化的背景下监测蝙蝠对城市的适应过程。
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引用次数: 0
Common camas (Camassia quamash) response across an urban–rural gradient in coastal oak meadows in Greater Victoria, Canada 加拿大大维多利亚地区沿海橡树草甸中普通荠菜(Camassia quamash)在城乡梯度上的反应
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01533-1
Erin Rolleman, Trevor Lantz, Darcy Mathews, Nancy Shackelford

Coastal oak meadows are fragmented across an increasingly urbanized landscape in Greater Victoria with implications for common camas (qʷɫəɫ/KȽO,EL/Camassia quamash) fitness. Common camas, frequently present in coastal oak meadows, is an ecologically important cultural keystone species that forms the foundation of one of the most important Indigenous food systems in the region. Previous research has examined how the pressures associated with urbanization shape plant community composition and structure, but how these pressures influence individual plant fitness remains unclear. To improve our understanding, we assessed environmental conditions and common camas growth and reproductive traits across an urban-rural gradient in Greater Victoria. We found that urbanization on this landscape alters several key environmental variables (namely increased trampling and soil compaction, and decreased soil depth, canopy cover, and soil phosphorus) and that common camas appears to be responding to these altered conditions with a reduction in growth and reproductive trait values. By targeting the identified pressures, management can work towards supporting more successful urban camas populations into the future.

大维多利亚地区的沿海橡树草甸在日益城市化的景观中变得支离破碎,这对普通骆驼蓬草(qʷɫəɫ/KȽO,EL/Camassia quamash)的适应性产生了影响。普通茶花经常出现在沿海橡树草甸中,是一种具有重要生态意义的文化基石物种,是该地区最重要的土著食物系统之一的基础。以前的研究已经探讨了与城市化相关的压力如何影响植物群落的组成和结构,但这些压力如何影响植物个体的适应性仍不清楚。为了加深了解,我们评估了大维多利亚地区城乡梯度的环境条件以及普通骆驼蓬草的生长和繁殖特征。我们发现,该地貌上的城市化改变了几个关键的环境变量(即践踏和土壤压实的增加,以及土壤深度、冠层覆盖和土壤磷含量的减少),而普通茶花似乎正在通过降低生长和繁殖性状值来应对这些条件的改变。通过有针对性地应对已确定的压力,管理部门可以努力支持城市茶花种群在未来取得更大的成功。
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引用次数: 0
Urban trawling bats depend on green and blue space in a subtropical city: implications for urban planning and climate change resilience 城市拖网蝙蝠依赖亚热带城市的绿色和蓝色空间:对城市规划和抵御气候变化的影响
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01543-z
Vanessa Gorecki, Monika Rhodes, Stuart Parsons

Efforts to create sustainable cities and urban climate-resilience depend on understanding how wildlife use the urban matrix to guide urban planning and design. Urban environments combine natural elements like topography and waterways, with various intensities of urban development. These combinations shape the spatial environment of cities and influence the diversity and persistence of urban wildlife. Insectivorous bats occur in urban areas, with urban tolerant species correlated with greater mobility and flexible roosting strategies, such as trawling bats. To understand how trawling bats use urban space, we studied patterns of land use selection in an urban population of a trawling bat, the large-footed myotis (Myotis macropus) in a subtropical city. We quantified fine-scale space use using radio telemetry over two seasons using land use categories applied in urban planning and design. Bats used urban land use types in a non-random manner, displaying a preference for green and blue space associated with the recreation land use type at both the landscape and home range scale. Tracked bats used waterways and riparian areas, as well as parkland, sportsgrounds and other green space adjacent to waterways. Trawling bats are dependent on riparian habitats, and these complex habitats are particularly vulnerable to changes to the availability of water resources associated with climate change. Maintaining spatial heterogeneity in urban planning and design by retaining and providing green space along, and adjacent to waterways, will provide a landscape mosaic for urban trawling bats to persist, facilitating climate change resilience in a specialist urban species.

创建可持续城市和提高城市气候适应能力的努力取决于了解野生动物如何利用城市基质来指导城市规划和设计。城市环境结合了地形和水道等自然元素以及不同强度的城市发展。这些组合塑造了城市的空间环境,并影响着城市野生动物的多样性和持久性。食虫蝙蝠栖息于城市地区,其中耐受城市环境的物种具有更大的流动性和灵活的栖息策略,如拖网蝙蝠。为了了解拖网蝙蝠如何利用城市空间,我们研究了亚热带城市中拖网蝙蝠--大足蝠(Myotis macropus)--种群的土地利用选择模式。在两个季节里,我们利用无线电遥测技术,按照城市规划和设计中的土地利用类别,对精细尺度的空间利用进行了量化。蝙蝠以非随机的方式使用城市土地利用类型,在景观和家园尺度上都表现出对绿色和蓝色空间的偏好,这些空间与休闲土地利用类型相关。追踪到的蝙蝠使用水道和河岸地区,以及公园、运动场和其他邻近水道的绿色空间。拖网蝙蝠依赖于河岸栖息地,而这些复杂的栖息地特别容易受到与气候变化相关的水资源可用性变化的影响。在城市规划和设计中,通过保留和提供沿水道及毗邻水道的绿地来保持空间的异质性,将为城市拖网蝙蝠的生存提供一个马赛克景观,促进这一城市专业物种对气候变化的适应能力。
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引用次数: 0
A matter of connection: the importance of habitat networks for endangered butterflies in anthropogenic landscapes 联系:人为景观中濒危蝴蝶栖息地网络的重要性
IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-024-01542-0
Leonardo Ancillotto, Fabio Mosconi, Rocco Labadessa

Cities are expanding at fast rates across the world, representing one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss due to habitat replacement. Nonetheless, urban and peri-urban areas often feature green spaces that may offer opportunities to wildlife and even represent safe havens for endangered species. Nonetheless, the key drivers that shape wildlife responses to urban landscapes, and in turn their ability to persist within cities, are far from being fully understood. Here we focus on an ecologically specialized butterfly, the endemic Italian festoon Zerynthia cassandra, as a model to assess how endangered species may survive in highly modified urban landscapes. The relatively low mobility and high host plant specialization make Z. cassandra an excellent target for studies in urban ecology, as they make the species able to exploit small suitable patches while at the same time potentially sensitive to habitat fragmentation and loss due to urbanization and land reclamation. We thus first document the relatively widespread occurrence of potentially suitable sites within two highly modified landscapes of central and southern Italy, with 25 and 35% of sites actually occupied by Z. cassandra. By modeling the probability of butterfly occurrence as a function of environmental characteristics, we found that Z. cassandra is strongly influenced by functional connectivity among suitable sites in urban landscapes, as well as by the abundance of Aristolochia host plants, and by the availability of profitable land cover classes in the immediate surroundings of potential oviposition sites. Our results indicate not only that networks of urban and peri-urban green spaces may host populations of protected and endangered species, but that management should also focus on the urban matrix in order to provide connecting corridors, as key assets to guarantee species persistence in cities.

世界各地的城市都在快速扩张,由于栖息地被取代,这是导致生物多样性丧失的主要原因之一。然而,城市和城郊地区往往拥有绿地,这些绿地可以为野生动物提供机会,甚至是濒危物种的安全避难所。然而,野生动物对城市景观的反应以及它们在城市中的生存能力的关键驱动因素远未得到充分了解。在这里,我们以一种生态特化的蝴蝶--意大利特有的花斑蝶(Zerynthia cassandra)为模型,评估濒危物种如何在高度改造的城市景观中生存。相对较低的流动性和高度的寄主植物专一性使卡桑德拉蝶成为城市生态学研究的绝佳目标,因为它们使该物种能够利用合适的小斑块,同时对城市化和土地开垦导致的栖息地破碎化和丧失具有潜在的敏感性。因此,我们首先记录了在意大利中部和南部两个高度改造的地貌中潜在适宜地点的相对广泛分布情况,分别有 25% 和 35% 的地点被卡桑德拉蝶实际占据。通过模拟蝴蝶发生概率与环境特征之间的函数关系,我们发现,在城市景观中,马兜铃属寄主植物的丰度以及潜在产卵地点周围有利可图的土地覆盖等级,都会对马兜铃蝶在适宜地点之间的功能连通性产生强烈影响。我们的研究结果表明,城市和城郊绿地网络不仅可以容纳受保护物种和濒危物种的种群,而且管理部门还应该关注城市基质,以提供连接走廊,作为保证物种在城市中持续生存的关键资产。
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引用次数: 0
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Urban Ecosystems
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