Journal of High Energy Physics最新文献

The aim of this study was to analyze drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) findings performed in 64 patients and to evaluate the association of DISE findings with PSG parameters. This retrospective, single center, observational study included patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) who have undergone DISE as part of surgical planning. DISE was performed using dexmedetomidine infusion. The data were documented as per VOTE (velum, oropharynx, tongue base and epiglottis) classification. The patient characteristics and level 2 Polysomnography (PSG) findings were analyzed with DISE findings. Among 62 patients, mean AHI and lowest oxygen saturation levels were 39.68 ± 27.59 and 78.36 ± 9.38, respectively. Mean ESS, SSS and PSQI levels were 10.74 ±  - 4.96, 7.73 ±  - 1.52, and 8.92 +/- 4.99, respectively. A Single level of obstruction was observed in 4.8% patients, followed by 40.3%, 43.5%, and 11.3% were found to have 2, 3, and 4 levels of obstruction, respectively. All patients had palatal involvement, followed by the oropharyngeal (88.7%), the tongue base (59.7%), and the epiglottis (12.9%) obstruction. There was no significant correlation between partial collapse at velopharynx with AHI. However, complete collapse at the level of the oropharynx (p < 0.05) and the tongue base (p < 0.001) showed a statistically significant association with AHI. Also, a significant correlation was observed between the number of sites and AHI Grade (p < 0.0001). The study helps to understand the association of different patterns and degrees of anatomical obstruction in OSA with different PSG parameters. PSG and DISE findings are complimentary to each other in treatment planning and selection of surgical procedures.

This review highlights the history and recent advances in dealkenylative functionalization. Through this deconstructive strategy, radical functionalizations occur under mild, robust conditions. The reactions described proceed with high efficiency, good stereoselectivity, tolerate many functional groups, and are completed within a matter of minutes. By cleaving the C(sp³)-C(sp²) bond of terpenes and terpenoid-derived precursors, rapid diversification of natural products is possible.

Background: We aimed to identify the association among nutritional status, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and frailty, and to estimate the mediation effect of these conditions between age and frailty in a group of Mexico City nursing home residents.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. Fried's phenotype criteria, Full Mini Nutritional Assessment, and General Oral Health Assessment Index was applied.

Results: The participants (n = 286) mean age was 82.4 (± 9.2) years. The prevalence of frailty was 58%, and the prevalence of malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition were 22.7% and 59.5%, respectively. A higher risk of frailty was associated with older age (p = 0.015), sex (women) (p = 0.041), poor nutritional status (p <0.001) and compromised OHRQoL (p <0.001). Approximately 40% of the effect of age on frailty was mediated by nutritional status and OHRQoL (p <0.05).

Conclusion: A strong association between nutritional status and frailty was observed. Additionally, OHRQoL was associated with frailty. The effect of age on frailty was mediated by OHRQoL and nutritional status. Interventions targeted to improve nutritional status and oral health may contribute to preventing or delaying the onset of frailty.

Background: Health care providers' actions can significantly influence clients' experiences of care, adherence to recommendations, and likelihood of re-engaging with health services. There are currently no validated scales that measure provider attitudes that could affect service delivery in multiple health areas.

Methods: We developed provider attitude measures in 3 phases. In phase 1 (2019), survey items were developed based on literature reviews, and quantitative items were tested through a health facility survey conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Health care providers (N=1,143) completed a 23-question survey focused on 3 subdomains: provider perceptions of clients, provider roles, and gender roles. In phase 2 (2021), cognitive interviews were administered to 17 health care providers in DRC to assess and improve respondents' understanding and interpretation of questionnaire items and response options. In phase 3 (2021), 52 family planning providers were sampled from urban health facilities in Togo to retest and validate the improved measures.

Results: Phase 1 showed the provider attitude items had low scale reliability, and 8 survey items had low variability. In phase 2, results from the cognitive interviews of the 21 items retained from phase 1 found 16 questions were not well understood or had low response variability and thus modified, and 4 survey items were added to test different iterations of specific survey items. In phase 3, exploratory factor analysis resulted in 1 provider attitude scale of 14 items reflecting authoritarian attitudes related to the 3 initial subdomains.

Conclusion: This research highlights the importance of iteration and testing during scale development, implementable even across geographic locations. Provider behavior change programming should consider how authoritarian provider attitudes pertaining to professional roles, their clients, and gender norms may interact and influence the quality of health services provided.