Journal of Coastal Conservation最新文献

Climate change is an issue that can affect the dynamics of coastal areas. Besides storing abundant potential resources, coastal areas also contain potential hazards related to climate change, including in Indonesian coastal areas. Aerotropolis coastal city of Kulon Progo is one of the areas in Indonesia with those potentials. The survival of the coastal region is essential to Kulon Progo’s vital operations as an aerotropolis city, starting with tourism, the economy, and investment. However, these activities lead to changes in coastal characteristics that climate change exacerbates. We can perform some steps to prevent and reduce coastal hazards, e.g., multi-hazard assessment. The coastal multi-hazards model comprised five types of hazards: ecosystem disruption, gradual inundation, seawater intrusion, erosion, and coastal flooding. The potential for coastal hazards may increase as coastal characteristics change. Therefore, this study aims to identify coastal characteristics based on biogeophysical parameters and to model the spatial distribution of coastal multi-hazards in the Kulon Progo using the Coastal Hazard Wheel (CHW) method. The analysis of biogeophysical parameters according to CHW shows that the coastal area of Kulon Progo consists of sedimentary plain and river mouth landforms. Wave exposure is moderately exposed, with significant wave heights ranging from 2.05 to 2.42 m. The tidal range is included in the class of meso tides with a value range of 2.09 to 2.34 m. The flora/fauna parameters consist of areas not covered by vegetation and covered by coastal forest ecosystem vegetation. Most sediment balances in coastal areas experience a deficit with an average erosion rate of 5.49 m/year. Still, some shorelines encounter a surplus with an average accretion rate of 3.96 m/year. Coastal areas of Kulon Progo are not affected by tropical cyclone activity. The multi-hazard model results indicate a moderate level of ecosystem disruption hazard; moderate to high gradual inundation hazard; moderate to high seawater intrusion hazard; low, high, and very high erosion hazard; and a moderate to very high coastal flooding hazard. The variation in the hazard level depends on the factors such as landform, wave exposure, tidal range, sediment balance, flora/fauna, and storm climate.

Coastal marine waters in the Gulf of Guinea are severely affected by heavy metal pollution, particularly from small scale mining activities around major rivers feeding estuaries in the Region. However, the potential impact of these environmental stressor on the productivity of planktonic organisms remain unknown. We quantified survival, reproduction and faecal pellet production rate of calanoid copepods – Temora stylifera and Centropages velificatus, commonly found in coastal marine waters of the Gulf of Guinea – after culturing in seawater containing cadmium (proxy for toxic metals) at five concentrations (0.0, 0.05, 2, 20, 200 and 200 + µg.L^− 1) for 24 h. Increasing exposure to cadmium resulted in reduced survival and egg production, in general agreement with reports on species from other large marine ecosystems. Acute toxicity (expressed as 24-hour LC₅₀) of the metal was positively related to the size (dry weight) of the copepods, with increased severity in C. velificatus. We estimate that the maximum cadmium concentration (3–5 µg.L^− 1) currently prescribed for coastal marine waters in West Africa is higher (≥ 40%) than the concentration (0.36–1.20 µg.L^− 1) that triggers the acute toxicity of the metal. We therefore recommend a review of the water quality criteria for managing coastal marine ecosystems of the Region.

The southern region of Bangladesh is more unstable than the other part of the country due to massive discharge of heavy sediment through the Meghna estuary. Discussions regarding shoreline representation are critical to regulate the dynamic nature of the coast. This study focuses on measuring the shoreline change, evaluating the LULC (land use & land cover) due to shoreline dynamics utilising multi-dated (1978–2018) satellite images, and changes in the social-economic condition by a direct interview-based questionnaire survey of Nijhum Dwip, Hatiya, Noakhali, Bangladesh. This study assessed shoreline transition through shoreline movement (NSM), endpoint rate (EPR), and prediction based on the EPR rate. 104% of the shore area was increased by -17 m to 86 m annually. Most of the accretion emerged on the Northern and Western sides; erosion only transpired on the Southern side. The shoreline was also projected to increase by 2.2 km, with 644.32 hectares in the study area by 2028. LULC mainly changed due to erosion-accretion activities in the study area. In accreted land, barren land, mudflats, homestead vegetation, and grassland were increased by 15.51 ha, 17.19 ha, 689.68 ha, and 578.17 ha, respectively, where the succession process formed the grassy beach. In contrast, cropland, green, and mangrove vegetation decreased by 12%, 9%, and 0.11%, drastically in its total area, although they had increased in accreted land. It was appraised that the vegetated area will raise 5103.39 hectares by 2028. Thus it was also determined that shoreline change positively impacted migration, economic activities, and tourism. As newly accreted land was cheap or could stay through "Bndobostho." People joined various working fields created in newly accreted land, as farmers increased by 7%. Moreover, about 83% of tourists increased due to shoreline expansion. Finally, this paper intends to contribute several suggestions to the socio-economic development of native people and future strategic management of the reserved coastal area.

Salinity distribution depends strongly on estuary geometry, tidal amplitude, and freshwater discharge, which counteract salt intrusion. As an important part of the “New Western Land and Sea Corridor” in China, the Pinglu Canal Project (PCP) plan has been proposed to dredge a navigational channel from the Inland Qinjiang River to the Maowei Sea in South China Sea. Understanding the salinity transport process in estuary region is important for both water resource management and ecosystem health in the Qinjiang River Estuary (QRE). In this study, a predictive model of high-water slack was constructed based on the steady-state equation of salt intrusion, and the related measurable or quantifiable variables were considered through empirical relations. The developed model herein was applied to the QRE, and the predicted salt distribution appeared to agree well with the observations. Then, the response of fresh water discharge and tide on the process of salt intrusion in the QRE before and after the PCP construction was analyzed. The results indicate that when the water flow discharge is Q<100 m³/s, the saltwater intrusion length in the QRE during the high tide period can attach to 10–27 km after the channel deepening, increased by 4.5 km compared to the natural condition in a whole year, and the seawater will intrude to the Youth Ship Lock when the fresh water is Q<20 m³/s and tidal range is H₀>2 m. During the dry period, the Youth Hydro-hub can alleviate the saltwater intrusion by increasing the water discharge when the tidal range is H₀>2.0 m, and then decreasing the water discharge when the tidal range is H₀<1 m. The predictive model herein can be used to estimate the salt intrusion length under variable fresh water and tide level in the QRE region and provide efficient suggestions for quantifying upstream water discharge to mitigate salt intrusion after PCP construction.

Mangrove forests serve various economic, social and environmental benefits and ecotourism in the mangrove forests is recognized as a form of nature tourism which contributes to the conservation of ecosystems and economic development. Our focus is on the sustainable development of mangrove forests and ecotourism of the mangrove forests of the Sundarbans. Modeling of mangrove forests and mangrove ecotourism of the Sunderbans for sustainable development is a formidable challenge. This research presents a system dynamics model of mangrove forests and ecotourism of the Sundarbans to address the different policy scenarios for sustainable development. The model has been simulated to address the issues of cutting cycle policy, mangrove plantation policy and the policy for capacity development and tourist promotion for conservation and future restoration of mangrove forests for sustainable ecosystem and economic development and the policy implications have also been addressed to aid policy planning and design for sustainable development of the mangrove ecosystem of the Sundarbans.

Mitigation, adaptation, environmental protection, and sustainable development on the land and related water bodies are being promoted in a fragmented way. Integrated Water Resources Management and Integrated Coastal Management have been presented as a way to face these problems. The Source-to-sea approach has recently emerged proposing a new water governance and management framework. This research aimed to understand the Source-to-sea approach and identify its relationships and convergences with the approaches of Integrated Water Resources Management and Integrated Coastal Management and answer the question of whether they are integrative, complementary, or competitive. Content analysis was used as part of the investigation method so that it was possible to identify the intentions and perceptions of the concepts, principles, and dimensions adopted by each approach. The classification of elements resulted in 8 categories. Based on Leopold’s matrix, we created a base matrix to analyze the relationships between the approaches. The S2S approach integrates and, at the same time, complements Integrated Water Resources Management and Integrated Coastal Management. For the eight categories, Source-to-sea was fully committed to 6 of them. Integrated Water Resources Management was fully committed to 5 of them. And Integrated Coastal Management was fully committed to only 3 of them. The Source-to-sea approach brings new elements, revitalizes some methods, and strengthens the governance and management structure of freshwater and marine water resources, enabling a new vision in the continuum where Integrated Water Resources Management and Integrated Coastal Management are part of the process within a new perspective.

This article establishes the significance of marine molluscs of India, existing and potential threats are discussed, and molluscan distribution in Indian states based on current information is examined. About 3370 molluscan species are known from marine habitats of India and the highest number of species from the east coast of India. Marine molluscs of India are facing threats because of various causes. The greatest threat to marine molluscs has been the loss and reduced quality of habitat caused by human-induced modifications and the capture of molluscs for the fishery. Species and habitat-based approaches to molluscan conservation are evaluated. The conservation measures taken by the Indian government are discussed.

In this study, we delve into the complex interplay between the Allee effect and a tri-trophic marine ecosystem of zooplankton, sardines, and sharks in Moroccan waters, aiming to contribute to the field of coastal conservation, planning, and management. Our investigation focuses on understanding the impact of the Allee effect on catches, profits, and fishing efforts within the context of bioeconomic models. By analyzing the positive aspects, boundaries, and equilibrium points, we examine how the Allee effect influences the fishing efforts and overall performance of fishermen, providing valuable insights for sustainable fishing practices. The research outcomes shed light on the intricate interplay among the Allee effect, economic variables, and the abundance of diverse species, thereby offering crucial guidance for effective coastal conservation, planning, and management strategies.

São Luís Island in Maranhão State, Brazil, has a vegetational mosaic where sandbanks with shrubs, small dunes, and mangroves are common. Due to its geography, the urbanization process in this area tends to form agglomerations that suffocate small rivers and streams. Based on a floristic survey of the family Malpighiaceae, we discuss the importance of taxonomic knowledge for the preservation of the flora of São Luís Island. We list 18 species of Malpighiaceae that occur in the area. Among them, only four have herbarium collections from the 21st century. Byrsonima intermedia and Heteropterys mathewsiana are new records for Maranhão State and Bunchosia apiculata is a new record for São Luís Island. Although they have not been formally assessed, most species are under threat, especially from disorderly urban growth and the unregulated discard of waste. Maintaining natural habitats and controlling threats might reveal relevant new findings about the diversity of Maranhão and contribute significantly to the preservation of the biodiversity on São Luís Island.