Journal of Coastal Conservation最新文献

A model simulating the complex marine dynamics along the central-eastern coast of Tunisia is set up aiming at its application to coastal management and conservation studies. The model includes a zoom on the Bay of Monastir in the centre of the domain, a coastal area that suffers from environmental problems exacerbated by the intense economic activities it hosts. Model validation was performed using observational and analysis data. The model closely reproduces the main hydrodynamic characteristics of the water masses in relation to the complex bathymetry of the area and the effects of the large scale circulation, in particular the intrusion of the water masses of Atlantic origin. The seasonal variability and the effects of particular events as heavy precipitation episodes were also studied using the principal component analysis. It is concluded that the high resolution of the model allows a fine analysis of the water movements in particular in and around the Bay of Monastir which acts as a barrier to the water flow on the larger scale. As an application, the particle transport module included in the model was used to test the dispersion of matter along the coasts and offshore. It is shown that the release of particle-charged water when currents are directed offshore can improve the dispersion of particles away from the coasts, thus enabling better environmental conditions for the region.

Painted terrapin is among Malaysia’s most critically endangered species on the IUCN Red List 2018. In Peninsular Malaysia, they can be found in several states, such as Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, and the largest population can be found in Terengganu. We present here the status of nesting beaches and reproductive output (number of nests) of painted terrapins in Terengganu from the year 2010 to 2017, based on data available from the Turtle Information Centre Rantau Abang (Department of Fisheries, Malaysia). Thirteen nesting beaches from four Terengganu districts (Kemaman, Dungun, Setiu, and Besut) contributed to this study, with southern districts (Kemaman and Dungun) having a higher number of nests than northern districts (Setiu and Besut) due to a greater number of nesting beaches available. We also presented beach morphology and sediment characteristics results of five nesting beaches and associated them with the reproductive output of painted terrapins. Results showed no correlation between them except a station close to the Dungun River mouth with an active zone and poorly sorted sediment may be responsible for the low number of nests recorded. The number of nests recorded were also higher at the steep narrow beaches compared to the ones that have medium-large intertidal zones.

Abstract

The ocean, and the life that dwells in it, is the largest carbon sink of our planet, absorbing more than 25 percent of all CO2 emissions, and over 90 percent of the excess heat generated by humans The ocean, and the life that dwells in it, is the largest carbon sink of our planet, absorbing more than 25 percent of all CO2 emissions, and over 90 percent of the excess heat generated by humans. The task today is for the EU to demonstrate leadership in guiding international ocean governance towards more ocean protection and sustainable management, as the European Green Deal seeks to make the EU a model for marine global sustainability. This paper aims to investigate the dynamic impact of global governance on the sustainability of the fisheries industry in 27 European countries by considering the role of fisheries production and global governance factors over the period 1996–2022. This paper will explore the marine and governance challenges that currently threaten the health of the EU Ocean and living species. The findings showed a substantial positive link between public sector quality, economic growth, economic stability, and the dependent variable fisheries sustainability across all quantiles, and this is achieved by adopting a new method, and this is the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) that is in conjunction with fixed factors. Additionally, at the most recent quantiles in the EU27 nations, the impacts of private sector quality and property rights variables on fisheries sustainability were positively significant. However, the effects of individual interest and the sustainability of the fisheries were negatively substantial at the most recent quantiles in the EU27 nations. At the same time, they are having a beneficial, considerable impact on the middle quantiles in EU27 countries, social development, and fisheries sustainability. In particular, the results show that the significant positive effects of economic stability, growth, property rights, public sector quality, and private sector quality on fisheries sustainability are higher in EU13 developing countries than in EU14 developed countries, supporting the growth hypothesis for countries that produce fisheries. Conversely, the findings show that developed EU14 countries have a more significant impact on social development's favorable impact on fisheries sustainability than developing EU13 nations. With the use of effective technology and environmentally responsible investments in the fisheries sector, policymakers may advance marine and ocean governance in the EU14 and EU13 nations and meet sustainable development objectives.

Abstract

Scheduling of irrigation and fertilizer dose is crucial for the sustainable production of cabbage. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of irrigation and fertilizer schedule on cabbage yield during the Rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 on a non-saline coastal soil of eastern India. The treatment comprised three different irrigation frequencies (I₁: eight irrigations, I₂: four irrigations, I₃: three irrigations) and three different levels of fertilizer (F₁: 100% RDF, F₂: 75% RDF, F₃: 50% RDF). The results revealed that all the growth, yield parameters and head yield (37.37 t ha⁻¹) were significantly higher in treatment I₂F₁. The highest yield of 43.03 t ha⁻¹ at 340 mm irrigation water was predicted from the water-yield production functional model. Maximum CWP and IWP (15.07 and 19.08 kg m⁻³, respectively) were recorded in the highest irrigation interval supplemented with 100% RDF (I₃F₁). A maximum fertilizer use efficiency of 309.4 kg kg⁻¹ of nutrient applied was obtained with moderate irrigation coupled with 50% RDF (I₂F₃). Soil depths of 0–30 and 30–60 cm accounted for 87.3% and 12.7% of the total soil moisture extraction, respectively. The highest residual available NPK in soil was found in treatment I₂F₁, while the lowest amount was recorded in I₃F₃. The maximum economic benefit (BCR; benefit-cost ratio) (4.51) was recorded under I₂F₁ treatment, whereas, treatment I₃F₃ observed the minimum BCR value (3.37). We recommend that four-irrigation scheduling complemented with 100% RDF could be the most effective and remunerative for the cabbage growers of non-saline coastal soils of eastern India under limited water supply conditions.

The Egyptian government recently undertook a large-scale national dredging project to improve the properties and productivity of the northern lakes. Manzala Lake has a distinctive ecological system that offers locals a variety of ecological services. This study was occurred using an integrating approach of remote sensing and Markov modeling to determine the land use/cover (LULC) change of Manzala Lake’s components. The physiochemical characteristics of the water were also measured. Six LULC classes namely; water, crops, vegetation, urban areas, bare lands, and, sabkha were detected in and around the lake in three different years (1998, 2010, and 2022). The LULC transition was studied and predicted using the CA-Markov model. The area of surface water, flooded vegetation, sabkha, and urban areas were increased by the year of 2022. The bare lands were declined more comparing with the past periods. The new developments in Manzala Lake made more changes in the LULC of lake ecosystems. Also, it is an indication to exploitation the bare areas around lakes into new urban areas. The obtained results were necessary for the revised management plan. It is essential for managing the lakes’ land resources, and vital to carefully consider the development strategies to determine how these projects will influence on the environment and biodiversity. In addition, to what extent this lake productivity will improve and help in the recovery of Egypt’s national income.

Climate change is an issue that can affect the dynamics of coastal areas. Besides storing abundant potential resources, coastal areas also contain potential hazards related to climate change, including in Indonesian coastal areas. Aerotropolis coastal city of Kulon Progo is one of the areas in Indonesia with those potentials. The survival of the coastal region is essential to Kulon Progo’s vital operations as an aerotropolis city, starting with tourism, the economy, and investment. However, these activities lead to changes in coastal characteristics that climate change exacerbates. We can perform some steps to prevent and reduce coastal hazards, e.g., multi-hazard assessment. The coastal multi-hazards model comprised five types of hazards: ecosystem disruption, gradual inundation, seawater intrusion, erosion, and coastal flooding. The potential for coastal hazards may increase as coastal characteristics change. Therefore, this study aims to identify coastal characteristics based on biogeophysical parameters and to model the spatial distribution of coastal multi-hazards in the Kulon Progo using the Coastal Hazard Wheel (CHW) method. The analysis of biogeophysical parameters according to CHW shows that the coastal area of Kulon Progo consists of sedimentary plain and river mouth landforms. Wave exposure is moderately exposed, with significant wave heights ranging from 2.05 to 2.42 m. The tidal range is included in the class of meso tides with a value range of 2.09 to 2.34 m. The flora/fauna parameters consist of areas not covered by vegetation and covered by coastal forest ecosystem vegetation. Most sediment balances in coastal areas experience a deficit with an average erosion rate of 5.49 m/year. Still, some shorelines encounter a surplus with an average accretion rate of 3.96 m/year. Coastal areas of Kulon Progo are not affected by tropical cyclone activity. The multi-hazard model results indicate a moderate level of ecosystem disruption hazard; moderate to high gradual inundation hazard; moderate to high seawater intrusion hazard; low, high, and very high erosion hazard; and a moderate to very high coastal flooding hazard. The variation in the hazard level depends on the factors such as landform, wave exposure, tidal range, sediment balance, flora/fauna, and storm climate.

Coastal marine waters in the Gulf of Guinea are severely affected by heavy metal pollution, particularly from small scale mining activities around major rivers feeding estuaries in the Region. However, the potential impact of these environmental stressor on the productivity of planktonic organisms remain unknown. We quantified survival, reproduction and faecal pellet production rate of calanoid copepods – Temora stylifera and Centropages velificatus, commonly found in coastal marine waters of the Gulf of Guinea – after culturing in seawater containing cadmium (proxy for toxic metals) at five concentrations (0.0, 0.05, 2, 20, 200 and 200 + µg.L^− 1) for 24 h. Increasing exposure to cadmium resulted in reduced survival and egg production, in general agreement with reports on species from other large marine ecosystems. Acute toxicity (expressed as 24-hour LC₅₀) of the metal was positively related to the size (dry weight) of the copepods, with increased severity in C. velificatus. We estimate that the maximum cadmium concentration (3–5 µg.L^− 1) currently prescribed for coastal marine waters in West Africa is higher (≥ 40%) than the concentration (0.36–1.20 µg.L^− 1) that triggers the acute toxicity of the metal. We therefore recommend a review of the water quality criteria for managing coastal marine ecosystems of the Region.

The southern region of Bangladesh is more unstable than the other part of the country due to massive discharge of heavy sediment through the Meghna estuary. Discussions regarding shoreline representation are critical to regulate the dynamic nature of the coast. This study focuses on measuring the shoreline change, evaluating the LULC (land use & land cover) due to shoreline dynamics utilising multi-dated (1978–2018) satellite images, and changes in the social-economic condition by a direct interview-based questionnaire survey of Nijhum Dwip, Hatiya, Noakhali, Bangladesh. This study assessed shoreline transition through shoreline movement (NSM), endpoint rate (EPR), and prediction based on the EPR rate. 104% of the shore area was increased by -17 m to 86 m annually. Most of the accretion emerged on the Northern and Western sides; erosion only transpired on the Southern side. The shoreline was also projected to increase by 2.2 km, with 644.32 hectares in the study area by 2028. LULC mainly changed due to erosion-accretion activities in the study area. In accreted land, barren land, mudflats, homestead vegetation, and grassland were increased by 15.51 ha, 17.19 ha, 689.68 ha, and 578.17 ha, respectively, where the succession process formed the grassy beach. In contrast, cropland, green, and mangrove vegetation decreased by 12%, 9%, and 0.11%, drastically in its total area, although they had increased in accreted land. It was appraised that the vegetated area will raise 5103.39 hectares by 2028. Thus it was also determined that shoreline change positively impacted migration, economic activities, and tourism. As newly accreted land was cheap or could stay through "Bndobostho." People joined various working fields created in newly accreted land, as farmers increased by 7%. Moreover, about 83% of tourists increased due to shoreline expansion. Finally, this paper intends to contribute several suggestions to the socio-economic development of native people and future strategic management of the reserved coastal area.

Salinity distribution depends strongly on estuary geometry, tidal amplitude, and freshwater discharge, which counteract salt intrusion. As an important part of the “New Western Land and Sea Corridor” in China, the Pinglu Canal Project (PCP) plan has been proposed to dredge a navigational channel from the Inland Qinjiang River to the Maowei Sea in South China Sea. Understanding the salinity transport process in estuary region is important for both water resource management and ecosystem health in the Qinjiang River Estuary (QRE). In this study, a predictive model of high-water slack was constructed based on the steady-state equation of salt intrusion, and the related measurable or quantifiable variables were considered through empirical relations. The developed model herein was applied to the QRE, and the predicted salt distribution appeared to agree well with the observations. Then, the response of fresh water discharge and tide on the process of salt intrusion in the QRE before and after the PCP construction was analyzed. The results indicate that when the water flow discharge is Q<100 m³/s, the saltwater intrusion length in the QRE during the high tide period can attach to 10–27 km after the channel deepening, increased by 4.5 km compared to the natural condition in a whole year, and the seawater will intrude to the Youth Ship Lock when the fresh water is Q<20 m³/s and tidal range is H₀>2 m. During the dry period, the Youth Hydro-hub can alleviate the saltwater intrusion by increasing the water discharge when the tidal range is H₀>2.0 m, and then decreasing the water discharge when the tidal range is H₀<1 m. The predictive model herein can be used to estimate the salt intrusion length under variable fresh water and tide level in the QRE region and provide efficient suggestions for quantifying upstream water discharge to mitigate salt intrusion after PCP construction.