Journal of Coastal Conservation最新文献

This study delves into the nutraceutical potential of microalgae in brackishwater aquaculture, with a focus on a case study conducted in the Muttukadu estuary, Tamil Nadu, India. The research involved the collection, identification, culture standardization, nutrient profiling, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of seven microalgal species in the brackishwater ecosystem, including Thalassiosira weissflogii, Chaetoceros gracilis, Nannochloropsis oculata, Chlorella marina, Tetraselmis sp, Isochrysis galbana and Arthrospira maxima. The growth kinetics analysis highlighted N. oculata and C. marina with an extended log phase and significantly higher growth rates. Proximate analysis revealed the highest protein content (62.46 ± 3.45%) in A. maxima. I. galbana showed significantly higher lipid content (33.08 ± 2.18%), while T. weissflogii had 20.11 ± 1.02%. Fatty acid profiling identified the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (69.51%) in A. maxima, followed by Tetraselmis sp (56.32%). Methanolic extracts from C. marina and T. weissflogii displayed notably higher total phenolic content. A. maxima exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity, and C-Phycocyanin (CPC) extracts showed the highest inhibition zones against pathogenic bacteria. This study underscored the diversity of commercially important microalgal species in the tropical estuarine brackishwater ecosystem. The nutrient composition analysis emphasized the abundance of essential macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. These findings contribute to understanding microalgae's nutraceutical potential in brackishwater aquaculture, suggesting their suitability for large-scale cultivation and utilization in aquaculture and other food-producing industries. Moreover, the bioactive compounds present in these microalgae offer opportunities for developing novel nutraceutical formulations with potential health benefits.

The objective of this study is to develop a global terrain and altitude map by combining a digital twin model and deep learning technique on Florida's coastal area. Utilizing USGS data, we are able to represent diverse landforms while ensuring the accuracy of elevation changes. In order to mitigate projection distortions, we rescaled 5000 map segments worldwide, ensuring that key geographical features are included. We segment the terrain into seven distinct classes: Water, Grassland, Forest, Hills, Desert, Mountain, and Tundra. The map features are enhanced by median filtering and each class is color-coded. Random parameters were introduced in overlapping image sets in order to ensure variety and prevent redundancy. On these seven terrain classes, the U-Net network is used to perform segmentation tasks. In order to monitor the performance of the model, we implemented cross-validation. The model's effectiveness is demonstrated by robust ROC curve analysis and high AUC values, which indicate accurate terrain categorization. Using deep learning methods and satellite imagery from Google Earth, the primary objective is to develop a digital twin of Florida's coastline. The digital twin serves as both a physical and simulation model, accurately resembling real-world locations. In addition to the achievement of detailed terrain mapping, this approach is likely to have significant applications in environmental monitoring and urban planning as well. In terms of reliability and performance, the digital twin model is expected to be a significant advancement in the field of geographical information systems.

Abstract

Muaragembong is a Citarum River estuarine ecosystem that has a lowland coast, a delta environment, tidal mudflats, and mangroves along the coast. Muaragembong has recently experienced severe coastal erosion in the last decade due to mainly rapid land cover changes in coastal areas, generating sediment imbalances and diminishing coastal resistance to wave action. In this study, the combination of multispectral bands from Landsat images and GIS approaches supported by ground observation was used to determine satellite-based coastline and land cover changes from 1990 to 2020. With a maximum rate of 132.55 m/year, Desa Pantai Bahagia is the most vulnerable area to coastal erosion. Meanwhile, coastal accretion has occurred at Desa Harapanjaya on a constant basis, with a peak accretion rate of 52.13 m/year. The combined extents of eroded and accreted shorelines along the coast of Muaragembong are approximately − 1,707.09 and + 512.14 hectares, respectively. Since the 1980s, the extensive clearance of mangroves for shrimp and fish ponds, along with the decreased sediment input into the estuary due to dam construction, are likely to have had a significant impact on coastal erosion in Muaragembong. Since current measures are insufficient to deal with ongoing coastal erosion, a comprehensive approach and long-term solutions are required for sustainable coastal zone management. This study provides a detailed analysis of shoreline changes over the last three decades and their impact on land cover change, enabling conservation practitioners to allocate their resources more wisely and efficiently to the most critical and prioritized coastal conservation regions.

This work presents an engaging hands-on activity designed to teach school students about nature based solutions (NBS) and their role in achieving high-quality water systems within a sustainable circular economy. Through this activity, students actively participate in building a small constructed wetland (CW) and test its effectiveness under various contamination scenarios. The activity was tested with school teachers, undergoing refinements based on their feedback. This iterative development process has ensured the activity’s effectiveness in engaging both school students and the public. Further, the CW model can be scaled-up for specific school projects focused on improving water quality. This activity offers valuable opportunities to enhance ocean literacy, promote understanding on NBS and raise awareness about aquatic ecosystems contamination and the importance of environmental sustainability.

Deltas are areas where the land and ocean interact in a variety of ways and are an element of the coastal environment. These ecosystems possess unique biological diversity and has been attracting human settlements for centuries. However, deltaic regions are prone to recurring hazards. Soil and water in these regions are always under threat due to cyclonic storms and backwater flow in rivers and creeks. The quality of the soil and water in these regions has a major impact on agricultural output. Kultali block of South 24 parganas district in the state of West Bengal is the part of Sundarbans delta and agricultural activities in the area was difficult due to non-availability of the freshwater and salinity of soil and groundwater during non-monsoon season. Different farm structures were introduced for better management of water for agriculture in this region. A study was undertaken in Kultali block to assess the spatial variations in soil and groundwater salinity after introduction of those farm structures and suggesting the land and water utilization plan for better agricultural production. Observation wells at different locations and depths were installed for monitoring the groundwater in the area. The salinity of the soil and groundwater was monitored for evaluating seasonal change in soil and groundwater quality. The result of the study indicated that pre-monsoon soil and groundwater salinity was more than the post monsoon period. Groundwater salinity was increasing with the depth. Also, the areas near to the river and the creek showed higher salinity level than the rest of the plots in the study area. Soil and groundwater salinity and its spatial and temporal variation maps will be useful for planning agricultural activities in the area.

Abstract

Political attention for and research on nature-based solutions in coastal flood an erosion risk management has increased significantly in recent years. Literature suggests that there remains a historical inertia towards nature-based solutions due to the continued predominance of classical grey infrastructures like dikes and stone revetments. In this regard, Schleswig–Holstein can act as a living laboratory as it has a long tradition of applying grey and green infrastructures as well as nature-based measures like salt marsh enhancement techniques to protect against coastal flooding and erosion. Based on an assessment of structural and non-structural coastal flood and erosion risk management measures in Schleswig–Holstein, this paper elaborates on the prospects of grey and green infrastructures in the context of stronger sea level rise.

This article concludes that nature-bases solutions for coastal flood and erosion risk management are not a recent development. Nature-based management of green infrastructures can significantly improve their functionality, also with regard to the expected stronger SLR, and includes non-structural measures like codes and prohibitions. Green infrastructures and their nature-based management successfully complement and support grey infrastructures i.e., as green as possible, as grey as necessary. However, with the exception of dunes as natural flood defenses, green infrastructures cannot render grey infrastructures superfluous.

There has been a discernible rise in coral restoration initiatives over the past few years, with Indonesia emerging as a global leader. Due to advancements in accessible methodologies, favorable public opinion, and government-backed initiatives, local communities now have more opportunities to participate in coral restoration projects. The purpose of this study is to provide a fundamental assessment of a community’s level of knowledge concerning coral restoration activities in a remote marine protected area in Indonesia. The level of involvement in restoration activities and the potential for future strategies based on community needs were all examined in the primary data through quantitative and qualitative analysis. Knowledge gaps regarding ecological services and perceptions of coral reef quality were also identified, highlighting the growing need for effective communication strategies to raise awareness of climate change-related issues. Direct engagement can be improved through connecting communities with coral reefs and encouraging the next generation of conservationists to develop local stewardship. Engaging more community members in local conservation programs is crucial to addressing notable issues such as language barriers and identifying sociocultural approaches. Securing future restoration funds and locating possible restoration sites can be tools to sustain existing and upcoming coral restoration programs. The result of this study highlighted the benefits of community-based coral restoration activities and how to improve overall engagement. To maximize the potential for social-ecological benefits, a long-term strategy supported by strong local stakeholder involvement and participation guided by NGOs and MPA management is essential.

Abstract

Reef fish perform multiple ecological roles that are important for maintaining the structure and function of coral reefs. Reef fish assemblage patterns can be affected by natural and anthropogenic disruptions that change the structure of coral reef ecosystems. Our study aimed to understand the reef fish abundance, diversity, and relationships between reef fish families and coral families at five major coral reef ecosystems on the Eastern coast of Sri Lanka. In total, 272 reef fish species and 101 coral species were recorded. The highest and lowest relative abundance of fish was recorded at the Kayankerni (KR) and Adukkuparu reefs (AR) respectively. Pigeon Island Reef (PIR) had the highest fish diversity, evenness, and species richness followed by Parrot Rock Reef (PRR). Passikudah Reef (PR) had the lowest fish diversity indices and richness, but KR had the lowest fish evenness. In contrast, PRR had the uppermost percentage of live coral cover, coral diversity, evenness, and species richness. Coral species richness and live coral cover were lowest at the PR and AR respectively. The evenness of coral was lowest at PIR and the lowest Shannon-Weiner diversity was recorded at the AR. Reef fish family Lutjanidae and coral families Dendrophyllidae, Alcyoniidae, Plumulariidae, Mussidae, and Poritidae had a strong positive relationship. Coral family Acroporidae had a moderately positive relationship with fish families Pomacentridae and Pomoacanthidae. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive outlook of coral reef, reef fish diversity, and their relationship along the eastern coast of Sri Lanka.

The 26^th December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami is considered as a most disastrous catastrophic event causing economic losses and lives. Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI’s) was the first responders of this devastating event in the Indian sub-continent. To appraise the shoreline changes due to this tsunami a study was apprehended using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Digital Shoreline Analysis Systems (DSAS). A total of 58 coastal village’s in four zones were identified for quantifying the shoreline changes due to the 2004 tsunami as Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and End Point Rate (EPR). The results suggest maximum shoreline changes in Wandoor 2005–2018 (NSM 6187.7 m; EPR 530.03 m/year), Sippighat 2005–2018 (NSM 4163.27 m; EPR 356.65 m/year), Manpur 2005–2018 (NSM 4338.29 m; EPR 371.66 m/year), and Mathura 2005–2018 (NSM 4540.9 m; EPR 388.99 m/year) were observed on the coastal front comprising of soft Andaman flysch of sedimentary origin. Andaman administration has constructed high raised concrete seawalls at various villages to prevent coastal population in case of any catastrophic eventualities like the 2004 tsunami.

Abstract

Marine debris now considered a global concern, is any solid created by human activity that is either purposely or mistakenly thrown into the coastal environment, directly or indirectly. The presence of marine debris may have a wide range of detrimental effects on coastal ecosystems and the environment, including in the Kulon Progo coastal area of Yogyakarta. Unfortunately, no research on marine debris has been conducted in Kulon Progo Regency so far. As a result, the purpose of this study is to define the marine debris characteristics in Yogyakarta’s Kulon Progo coastal area, as well as to analyze tidal influences on marine debris in the study area. Tidal data were obtained from the Tidal Station Data Information System and the Indonesian Geospatial Reference System, Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). Admiralty methods were used to identify the tidal type based on the 29 days of data every 1 h during the last year. Marine debris samples were collected using the transect and simple random sampling method for each beach during different tide conditions. Furthermore, the statistical method of one-way ANOVA was used to obtain the relationship between tidal and marine debris data. The results show that the Congot and Pasir Kadilangu Beaches tides are a mixed tide prevailing semi-diurnal type (1.50 ≥ F > 0.25). Compared to Pasir Kadilangu Beach, Congot Beach has more macro- and meso-sized marine debris during low and high tides, where plastic debris dominates both beaches. In more detail, during the high tide, the mass and amount of marine debris is more significant than during the low tide on both beaches. This phenomenon is supported by the statistical results with a P-value < 0.05. It means that tidal fluctuations and characteristics of marine debris have a substantial connection.