Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.23.5.2153
Background: Nurses who are more self-compassionate may be better able to manage the stress and emotional challenges of working in an emergency hospital during a pandemic. They may be less likely to experience burnout or compassion fatigue and may be more resilient in the face of adversity. They will probably be more patient and understanding with their patients and colleagues, and more able to maintain a positive attitude and provide compassionate care. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between the self-compassion levels and patience levels of the nurses working in an emergency hospital and taking care of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted between May and August 2021 on 171 nurses working in an emergency hospital in Istanbul and taking care of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The data were collected using the researcher-made Nurse Information Form, the Self-Compassion Scale, and Patience Scale. Results: The mean rank was found to be 78.03±12.03 for the Self-Compassion Scale and 37.97±6.34 for the Patience Scale. A weak positive significant correlation was identified between the nurses' mean rank of the Self-Compassion Scale and the mean rank of the Patience Scale (rho=0.393, P=0.000), interpersonal patience (rho=0.395), and short-term patience (rho=0.191) subscales, whereas a moderately positive significant correlation was detected between the mean rank of the Self-Compassion Scale and the mean rank of the long-term patience (rho=0.442) subscale. Conclusion: It can be said that nurses' self-compassion and patience were at moderate levels, and as their self-compassion levels decreased, their patience levels reduced as well. Institutions should develop in-hospital social activities and policies that are supportive of nurses. Supporting nurses' self-compassion levels with evidence-based programs will also increase their patience levels
{"title":"Investigation of the Relationship between Self-compassion and Patience Levels in Nurses Working in an Emergency Hospital and Taking Care of Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.23.5.2153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.23.5.2153","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nurses who are more self-compassionate may be better able to manage the stress and emotional challenges of working in an emergency hospital during a pandemic. They may be less likely to experience burnout or compassion fatigue and may be more resilient in the face of adversity. They will probably be more patient and understanding with their patients and colleagues, and more able to maintain a positive attitude and provide compassionate care.\u0000\u0000Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between the self-compassion levels and patience levels of the nurses working in an emergency hospital and taking care of patients diagnosed with COVID-19.\u0000\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted between May and August 2021 on 171 nurses working in an emergency hospital in Istanbul and taking care of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The data were collected using the researcher-made Nurse Information Form, the Self-Compassion Scale, and Patience Scale.\u0000\u0000Results: The mean rank was found to be 78.03±12.03 for the Self-Compassion Scale and 37.97±6.34 for the Patience Scale. A weak positive significant correlation was identified between the nurses' mean rank of the Self-Compassion Scale and the mean rank of the Patience Scale (rho=0.393, P=0.000), interpersonal patience (rho=0.395), and short-term patience (rho=0.191) subscales, whereas a moderately positive significant correlation was detected between the mean rank of the Self-Compassion Scale and the mean rank of the long-term patience (rho=0.442) subscale.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: It can be said that nurses' self-compassion and patience were at moderate levels, and as their self-compassion levels decreased, their patience levels reduced as well. Institutions should develop in-hospital social activities and policies that are supportive of nurses. Supporting nurses' self-compassion levels with evidence-based programs will also increase their patience levels","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42502242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.1736
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected several areas of society, such as social life, the economy, education, and the provision of health services. The need to evaluate individuals’ risk perception has assumed particular importance in this situation in which people find themselves. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a “COVID-19 Disease Risk Perception Scale” for determining COVID-19 risk perceptions in the adult patient group during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The proposed scale form was established once the content validity of the item pool created by the research team had been evaluated by experts. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity, item-total correlation, Cronbach alpha coefficients, and the test-retest method were employed to determine criterion-dependent validity and reliability in a group of 564 individuals aged 18-73. Results: Following exploratory factor analysis, a nine-factor structure explaining 61.733% of variance was established. Confirmatory factor analysis results were found within the values defined in the literature. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.906, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.881 (P<0.001). Conclusion: The developed scale is a valid and reliable inventory capable of using in the examination and evaluation of risk perception of COVID-19 disease in the adult age group.
{"title":"Development of a COVID-19 Disease Risk Perception Scale","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.1736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.1736","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected several areas of society, such as social life, the economy, education, and the provision of health services. The need to evaluate individuals’ risk perception has assumed particular importance in this situation in which people find themselves.\u0000\u0000Objectives: This study aimed to develop a “COVID-19 Disease Risk Perception Scale” for determining COVID-19 risk perceptions in the adult patient group during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000\u0000Methods: The proposed scale form was established once the content validity of the item pool created by the research team had been evaluated by experts. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity, item-total correlation, Cronbach alpha coefficients, and the test-retest method were employed to determine criterion-dependent validity and reliability in a group of 564 individuals aged 18-73.\u0000\u0000Results: Following exploratory factor analysis, a nine-factor structure explaining 61.733% of variance was established. Confirmatory factor analysis results were found within the values defined in the literature. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.906, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.881 (P<0.001).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The developed scale is a valid and reliable inventory capable of using in the examination and evaluation of risk perception of COVID-19 disease in the adult age group.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45159788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.2612
Background: There are very few reports on the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of magnetic resonance parameters and other laboratory indicators of prostate cancer in China, and there is no unified clinical conclusion at present from the other parts of the world. Therefore, this study analyzed the correlation between ADC and laboratory indicators, such as serum total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), complex prostate specific antigen (CPSA), free prostate specific antigen (FPSA), Gleason score, and left and right diameters of the prostate so as to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Methods: A total of 104 patients of all age groups with prostate cancer diagnosed in the General Hospital of Wanbei Coal and Electricity Group, Wanbei, China, from January 2017 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed as the experimental group. At the same time, 63 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who received health examinations were selected as the control group. TPSA, CPSA, FPSA, CPSA/TPSA, FPSA/TPSA, Gleason score, left and right diameters of the prostate, and magnetic resonance parameter ADC were detected in all patients. At the same time, we analyzed the correlation between ADC and other parameters in prostate cancer patients. Results: The serum levels of TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA in prostate cancer patients were significantly higher (P<0.001) than in those in the control group. The differences between CPSA/TPSA and FPSA/TPSA in the two groups were not statistically significant. Meanwhile, ADC and left and right diameters of the prostate were significantly lower in prostate cancer patients than in subjects in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). In addition, serum TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA in high-risk prostate cancer patients were found to be significantly higher than in cases in the medium-risk and low-risk groups. The results of our study also revealed that ADC was moderately negatively correlated with FPSA (r=-0.415, P<0.001) and weakly negatively correlated with TPSA (r=-0.222, P=0.024). Conclusion: There is a correlation between ADC, TPSA, and FPSA in patients with prostate cancer, and there were significant differences in TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA between patients with prostate cancer and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The three parameters can be combined for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
{"title":"Correlation Analysis between Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Prostate Cancer and other Prostate Cancer Indicators","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.2612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.2612","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are very few reports on the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of magnetic resonance parameters and other laboratory indicators of prostate cancer in China, and there is no unified clinical conclusion at present from the other parts of the world. Therefore, this study analyzed the correlation between ADC and laboratory indicators, such as serum total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), complex prostate specific antigen (CPSA), free prostate specific antigen (FPSA), Gleason score, and left and right diameters of the prostate so as to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.\u0000\u0000Methods: A total of 104 patients of all age groups with prostate cancer diagnosed in the General Hospital of Wanbei Coal and Electricity Group, Wanbei, China, from January 2017 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed as the experimental group. At the same time, 63 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who received health examinations were selected as the control group. TPSA, CPSA, FPSA, CPSA/TPSA, FPSA/TPSA, Gleason score, left and right diameters of the prostate, and magnetic resonance parameter ADC were detected in all patients. At the same time, we analyzed the correlation between ADC and other parameters in prostate cancer patients.\u0000\u0000Results: The serum levels of TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA in prostate cancer patients were significantly higher (P<0.001) than in those in the control group. The differences between CPSA/TPSA and FPSA/TPSA in the two groups were not statistically significant. Meanwhile, ADC and left and right diameters of the prostate were significantly lower in prostate cancer patients than in subjects in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). In addition, serum TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA in high-risk prostate cancer patients were found to be significantly higher than in cases in the medium-risk and low-risk groups. The results of our study also revealed that ADC was moderately negatively correlated with FPSA (r=-0.415, P<0.001) and weakly negatively correlated with TPSA (r=-0.222, P=0.024).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: There is a correlation between ADC, TPSA, and FPSA in patients with prostate cancer, and there were significant differences in TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA between patients with prostate cancer and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The three parameters can be combined for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45880852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral disease that mostly affects the respiratory system and leads to respiratory failure. Alongside, pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most important components in the management of respiratory system diseases and can rehabilitate persons after lung-damaged disease. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the efficiency of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation in pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19 Methods: This simple randomized interventional study was conducted on 70 COVID-19 patients in Kerman, Iran. They were assigned to two equal groups of control and intervention. In the control group, patients received only routine post-discharge care, and in the intervention group, patients received home-based pulmonary rehabilitation procedures containing some movements to improve pulmonary function for four weeks after discharge. Results: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P<0.001), vital capacity (P<0.001) and these two parameters ratio (P<0.02), peak expiratory flow (P<0.001), in four weeks after discharge from the hospital in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group. Moreover, 6-min walk distance (P<0.001) was significantly increased, and the severity of dyspnea (P<0.001) was significantly reduced in the intervention group. As well, the number of patients with severe dyspnea decreased significantly (P<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that our home-based program can result in a marked improvement in vital capacity and other pulmonary function tests, as well as a reduction in dyspnea after discharge. In conclusion, this rehabilitation procedure is effective in pulmonary recovery in COVID-19 patients and can be used as a treatment procedure for recovery in these patients.
{"title":"Home-based Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with COVID-19: The Efficiency in Pulmonary Function","authors":"Fahimeh Hashemi, Shayan Vafaei, Mehdi Sadeghi, Atena Samarehfekri, Mitra Samarehfekri, Hossein Mirzaei, Niloofar Rashidipour, Mozhgan Taebi","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.1724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.1724","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral disease that mostly affects the respiratory system and leads to respiratory failure. Alongside, pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most important components in the management of respiratory system diseases and can rehabilitate persons after lung-damaged disease.\u0000\u0000Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the efficiency of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation in pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19\u0000\u0000Methods: This simple randomized interventional study was conducted on 70 COVID-19 patients in Kerman, Iran. They were assigned to two equal groups of control and intervention. In the control group, patients received only routine post-discharge care, and in the intervention group, patients received home-based pulmonary rehabilitation procedures containing some movements to improve pulmonary function for four weeks after discharge.\u0000\u0000Results: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P<0.001), vital capacity (P<0.001) and these two parameters ratio (P<0.02), peak expiratory flow (P<0.001), in four weeks after discharge from the hospital in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group. Moreover, 6-min walk distance (P<0.001) was significantly increased, and the severity of dyspnea (P<0.001) was significantly reduced in the intervention group. As well, the number of patients with severe dyspnea decreased significantly (P<0.001).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: It seems that our home-based program can result in a marked improvement in vital capacity and other pulmonary function tests, as well as a reduction in dyspnea after discharge. In conclusion, this rehabilitation procedure is effective in pulmonary recovery in COVID-19 patients and can be used as a treatment procedure for recovery in these patients.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41615353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-23DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.2570
Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death in the 21st century. Sinonasal malignancies comprise less than 0.5% of all cancers. There are limited epidemiologic studies on them. Objectives: The current study aimed to estimate the patient demographics, as well as the incidence rates of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (NC-PNS) cancers, using a population based registry. Methods: The current study was a descriptive cohort using the Iranian national population based cancer registry (INPCR) data in 2016. The incidence rate of NC-PNS cancer and its distribution considering age, gender, geographical location and histopathology were determined. Results: A total of 258 cases (62.4 % males) were included in the study. Age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of NC-PNS cancer was 0.36 per 100,000 population. ASIR had the highest value in the 7th, 8th, and 6th decades of life, in descending order. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histopathologic subtype (23.64%). The most frequent non-epithelial cancer were hematopoietic and lymphatic malignancies (12.40%). The most prevalent site of involvement was the nasal cavity (43.02%), followed by the maxillary sinus (24.81%). The geographical distribution of NC-PNS cancer did not follow any particular pattern. The highest crude incidences were detected in Chahar-Mahal-Bakhtiari, Kerman, and West Azarbaijan in decreasing order. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, NC-PNS cancers are rare malignancies. Men in their fifties and older are at a higher risk of involvement. Epithelial cancers are more prevalent, among which SCC is the most common histopathologic subtype.
{"title":"Sinonasal Cancer: A National Population-based Study in Iran","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.2570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.2570","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death in the 21st century. Sinonasal malignancies comprise less than 0.5% of all cancers. There are limited epidemiologic studies on them.\u0000\u0000Objectives: The current study aimed to estimate the patient demographics, as well as the incidence rates of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (NC-PNS) cancers, using a population based registry.\u0000\u0000Methods: The current study was a descriptive cohort using the Iranian national population based cancer registry (INPCR) data in 2016. The incidence rate of NC-PNS cancer and its distribution considering age, gender, geographical location and histopathology were determined.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 258 cases (62.4 % males) were included in the study. Age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of NC-PNS cancer was 0.36 per 100,000 population. ASIR had the highest value in the 7th, 8th, and 6th decades of life, in descending order. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histopathologic subtype (23.64%). The most frequent non-epithelial cancer were hematopoietic and lymphatic malignancies (12.40%). The most prevalent site of involvement was the nasal cavity (43.02%), followed by the maxillary sinus (24.81%). The geographical distribution of NC-PNS cancer did not follow any particular pattern. The highest crude incidences were detected in Chahar-Mahal-Bakhtiari, Kerman, and West Azarbaijan in decreasing order.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, NC-PNS cancers are rare malignancies. Men in their fifties and older are at a higher risk of involvement. Epithelial cancers are more prevalent, among which SCC is the most common histopathologic subtype.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41898494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-23DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.1647
Background: Splenomegaly and hypersplenism are common presentations of portal hypertension and can result in severe comorbidities. The degree of splenomegaly is associated with disease severity and has been established as a reliable noninvasive indicator for disease surveillance. Objectives: This study aimed to propose a simple and repeatable splenic measurement model to estimate the splenic volume in patients with portal hypertension. Methods: In total, 161 patients with portal hypertension were admitted to our hospital from March 2017 to August 2020, with a final enrollment of 106 subjects. The splenic volume calculated via IQQA-Liver software was used for reference. Radiological data were retrospectively reviewed to measure the height, length, and width of the spleen. Different volume prediction models were constructed based on statistically significant laboratory and radiological parameters. Results: The average spleen volume measured by the IQQA-Liver software was 852.29±362.26cm3. Model 0 was constructed based on hematological and radiological parameters, while Models 1 and 2 were based on radiological parameters alone. Model 1 was superior to the others according to the Bland-Altman scatterplot and correlation analysis. Conclusion: The proposed estimation model is a reliable predictor for splenic volume, providing valuable information in patients with portal hypertension. The simple technique allows for widespread clinical application
{"title":"A Simple Approach to Predict Spleen Volume in Patients with Splenomegaly Due to Portal Hypertension","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.1647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.1647","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Splenomegaly and hypersplenism are common presentations of portal hypertension and can result in severe comorbidities. The degree of splenomegaly is associated with disease severity and has been established as a reliable noninvasive indicator for disease surveillance.\u0000\u0000Objectives: This study aimed to propose a simple and repeatable splenic measurement model to estimate the splenic volume in patients with portal hypertension.\u0000\u0000Methods: In total, 161 patients with portal hypertension were admitted to our hospital from March 2017 to August 2020, with a final enrollment of 106 subjects. The splenic volume calculated via IQQA-Liver software was used for reference. Radiological data were retrospectively reviewed to measure the height, length, and width of the spleen. Different volume prediction models were constructed based on statistically significant laboratory and radiological parameters.\u0000\u0000Results: The average spleen volume measured by the IQQA-Liver software was 852.29±362.26cm3. Model 0 was constructed based on hematological and radiological parameters, while Models 1 and 2 were based on radiological parameters alone. Model 1 was superior to the others according to the Bland-Altman scatterplot and correlation analysis.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The proposed estimation model is a reliable predictor for splenic volume, providing valuable information in patients with portal hypertension. The simple technique allows for widespread clinical application","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45566005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2691
Background: Vaccination and observing hygienic measures were rendered necessary due to the spread of the Covid-19. Yet, in spite of the effective and immunizing role of vaccines in the past, hesitancy about undergoing vaccination against Covid-19 has become a global issue. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators of Covid-19 vaccine injections from the perspective of people in Yazd in 2022. Methods: The present study was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted on 572 people over 12 years of age in Yazd, Iran, using cluster sampling (46 head clusters of health centers). To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was applied, which measured barriers and facilitators of Covid-19 vaccine injection. The mean score of the questionnaire was above 70, indicating more attitude, trust, and willingness. Results: Based on the findings, 406 (70.7%) participants were female, 457 (79.6%) were married, and 232 (40.4%) were housewives. The mean age of the subjects was 39.1±14.7 years. In total, 277 (48.4%) participants had a positive attitude toward Covid-19 vaccination, 224 (39.2%) had trust in the vaccine, and 21(3.8%) showed willingness to injection, indicating an overall low attitude, trust, and willingness toward the injection of Covid-19 vaccine. There was a significant relationship between willingness to inject the vaccine and education (P=0.048). A strong correlation was also found between attitude and trust in vaccination, with a coefficient of 0.811 (P<0.001). Conclusion: A positive attitude and trust in Covid-19 vaccination were observed at an average level, and willingness to be vaccinated was at a low level. Considering the role of the three variables of education, gender, and the type of a person’s occupation, planning should be done to improve people’s attitude, trust, and willingness to inject the vaccine by focusing on the above variables.
{"title":"Investigation of Barriers and Facilitators of Covid-19 Vaccine Injection from the Perspective of People in Yazd in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2691","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vaccination and observing hygienic measures were rendered necessary due to the spread of the Covid-19. Yet, in spite of the effective and immunizing role of vaccines in the past, hesitancy about undergoing vaccination against Covid-19 has become a global issue.\u0000\u0000Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators of Covid-19 vaccine injections from the perspective of people in Yazd in 2022.\u0000\u0000Methods: The present study was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted on 572 people over 12 years of age in Yazd, Iran, using cluster sampling (46 head clusters of health centers). To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was applied, which measured barriers and facilitators of Covid-19 vaccine injection. The mean score of the questionnaire was above 70, indicating more attitude, trust, and willingness.\u0000\u0000Results: Based on the findings, 406 (70.7%) participants were female, 457 (79.6%) were married, and 232 (40.4%) were housewives. The mean age of the subjects was 39.1±14.7 years. In total, 277 (48.4%) participants had a positive attitude toward Covid-19 vaccination, 224 (39.2%) had trust in the vaccine, and 21(3.8%) showed willingness to injection, indicating an overall low attitude, trust, and willingness toward the injection of Covid-19 vaccine. There was a significant relationship between willingness to inject the vaccine and education (P=0.048). A strong correlation was also found between attitude and trust in vaccination, with a coefficient of 0.811 (P<0.001).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: A positive attitude and trust in Covid-19 vaccination were observed at an average level, and willingness to be vaccinated was at a low level. Considering the role of the three variables of education, gender, and the type of a person’s occupation, planning should be done to improve people’s attitude, trust, and willingness to inject the vaccine by focusing on the above variables.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46722458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2427
Background: The risk perception of the COVID-19 disease has a direct impact on vulnerability and preventive behaviors. Considering the special position of medical students in society, this research aims to assess the risk perception among medical students. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the medical students’ risk perception in regard to COVID-19 Diseases. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020-2021 through an online self-report questionnaire. The data were collected by the Iranian questionnaire on COVID-19-associated risk perception. The questionnaire consisted of two parts the demographics (11 options) and a part for the COVID-19-related risk perception (20 options). The questionnaire included the dimensions of the cognitive factors (5 items), beliefs (6 items), political factors (4 items), social factors (3 items), and cultural factors (2 items). Scoring was done on a 5-point Likert scale (1=Absolutely disagree to 5=Absolutely agree). Results: A total of 392 students completed the COVID-19-associated risk perception questionnaire. Undergraduates with 278 (71.6%) comprised the majority of the students participating in the study, 237 (60.6%) had the experience of being infected with COVID-19 disease, 262 (66.8%) of the students participated in taking care of the COVID-19 patients, and 242 (61.7%) of the students experienced the COVID-19 incurred death of friends and relatives. The majority of the students, 268 (68.4%) were ranked at the moderate level in terms of the student risk perception of COVID-19. The total mean score of the students' risk perception was 72.98 ± 6.55. Moreover, cognitive dimension was the highest mean score of the risk perception dimensions among the students. Conclusion: The medical students' risk perception of COVID-19 disease was ranked moderate. Considering the main role of medical students in taking care of hospitalized patients and preventing the disease from spreading in the community, the managers of the educational system are required to plan for promoting the students' risk perception
{"title":"Medical Students’ Risk Perception of COVID-19 Disease: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2427","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The risk perception of the COVID-19 disease has a direct impact on vulnerability and preventive behaviors. Considering the special position of medical students in society, this research aims to assess the risk perception among medical students.\u0000\u0000Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the medical students’ risk perception in regard to COVID-19 Diseases.\u0000\u0000Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020-2021 through an online self-report questionnaire. The data were collected by the Iranian questionnaire on COVID-19-associated risk perception. The questionnaire consisted of two parts the demographics (11 options) and a part for the COVID-19-related risk perception (20 options). The questionnaire included the dimensions of the cognitive factors (5 items), beliefs (6 items), political factors (4 items), social factors (3 items), and cultural factors (2 items). Scoring was done on a 5-point Likert scale (1=Absolutely disagree to 5=Absolutely agree).\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 392 students completed the COVID-19-associated risk perception questionnaire. Undergraduates with 278 (71.6%) comprised the majority of the students participating in the study, 237 (60.6%) had the experience of being infected with COVID-19 disease, 262 (66.8%) of the students participated in taking care of the COVID-19 patients, and 242 (61.7%) of the students experienced the COVID-19 incurred death of friends and relatives. The majority of the students, 268 (68.4%) were ranked at the moderate level in terms of the student risk perception of COVID-19. The total mean score of the students' risk perception was 72.98 ± 6.55. Moreover, cognitive dimension was the highest mean score of the risk perception dimensions among the students.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The medical students' risk perception of COVID-19 disease was ranked moderate. Considering the main role of medical students in taking care of hospitalized patients and preventing the disease from spreading in the community, the managers of the educational system are required to plan for promoting the students' risk perception","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47402620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2088
Background: Considering the scope of the epidemic of the COVID-19 pandemic and the psychological consequences known to be associated with infection, it seems necessary to provide a screening tool for determining the presence of psychological symptoms among the population in the healthcare sector for prevention and timely provision of psychological interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to design and standardize a comprehensive screening test and assess clinical aspects of psychological symptoms associated with COVID-19. Methods: This is a descriptive survey-based study. The study was permitted in two phases. The statistical population included all physicians, nurses, and staff who worked in COVID-19 care wards of hospitals in Ardabil (Iran) in 2021 and were in direct contact with these patients. A total of 200 participants in Phase I and 98 in Phase II were selected via the purposive sampling method. An initial researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the psychological symptoms of the participants in eight and seven categories in Phase I and Phase II, respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS26 and R software. Results: Delphi method and second-order confirmatory factor analysis verified the validity of the questionnaire. Findings related to measuring the reliability of the questionnaire in phase I showed that although the questionnaire was reliable based on inter-rater and intra-rater, the test-retest reliability method based on Cohen's kappa coefficients showed no reliability for items 12 and 49-54. In phase II, the unreliable items were removed and the study was permitted to be conducted again with new samples. The results of intra-rater reliability also demonstrated that an intraclass correlation coefficient for each of the seven scales of the questionnaire was greater than 0.75. In addition, the results of inter-rater reliability showed that Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each scale of the questionnaire was greater than 0.70. Furthermore, high amounts of sensitivity and specificity as well as high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve verified the good accuracy of the final questionnaire. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be said that the final proposed questionnaire with seven scales (55 items) was a tool with good validity, reliability, and accuracy to assess the psychological symptoms associated with COVID-19. However, since the participants of this study consisted of only medical personnel, the generalization of the results to the general population needs further investigation.
{"title":"A comprehensive Screening Test and Assessment of Psychological Symptoms Associated with COVID-19 in Medical Personnel","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2088","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Considering the scope of the epidemic of the COVID-19 pandemic and the psychological consequences known to be associated with infection, it seems necessary to provide a screening tool for determining the presence of psychological symptoms among the population in the healthcare sector for prevention and timely provision of psychological interventions.\u0000\u0000Objectives: This study aimed to design and standardize a comprehensive screening test and assess clinical aspects of psychological symptoms associated with COVID-19.\u0000\u0000Methods: This is a descriptive survey-based study. The study was permitted in two phases. The statistical population included all physicians, nurses, and staff who worked in COVID-19 care wards of hospitals in Ardabil (Iran) in 2021 and were in direct contact with these patients. A total of 200 participants in Phase I and 98 in Phase II were selected via the purposive sampling method. An initial researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the psychological symptoms of the participants in eight and seven categories in Phase I and Phase II, respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS26 and R software.\u0000\u0000Results: Delphi method and second-order confirmatory factor analysis verified the validity of the questionnaire. Findings related to measuring the reliability of the questionnaire in phase I showed that although the questionnaire was reliable based on inter-rater and intra-rater, the test-retest reliability method based on Cohen's kappa coefficients showed no reliability for items 12 and 49-54. In phase II, the unreliable items were removed and the study was permitted to be conducted again with new samples. The results of intra-rater reliability also demonstrated that an intraclass correlation coefficient for each of the seven scales of the questionnaire was greater than 0.75. In addition, the results of inter-rater reliability showed that Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each scale of the questionnaire was greater than 0.70. Furthermore, high amounts of sensitivity and specificity as well as high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve verified the good accuracy of the final questionnaire.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be said that the final proposed questionnaire with seven scales (55 items) was a tool with good validity, reliability, and accuracy to assess the psychological symptoms associated with COVID-19. However, since the participants of this study consisted of only medical personnel, the generalization of the results to the general population needs further investigation.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.6.2676
Background: The intraoperative rehydration technique known as the effect of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy (GDFT), which is guided by the dynamic monitoring of volume responsiveness, has received a lot of attention recently. According to a meta-analysis by Bene, GDFT can maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability, which lowers the incidence of postoperative complications and reduces stay at the intensive care unit. Objectives: This study aimed to determine how GDFT affected elderly patients who underwent combined lingual and cervical radical surgery after an operation for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Methods: This interventional study was conducted between December 2021 and December 2022 in a medical center affiliated with Fujian Medical University on people undergoing radical neck and tongue surgery for tongue cancer. The samples (n=36) were selected using an availability sampling method and randomly divided into conventional fluid therapy (the Non-GDFT, n=18) and GDFT (n=18) groups. The Non-GDFT group was hydrated normally during anesthesia. A continuous infusion of 8 mL/(kg/h) of compounded sodium chloride was administered to the GDFT group to maintain basal hydration volume during the operation. Before and following surgery, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale scores were completed, arterial blood lactate values and bilateral cerebral oxygen saturation levels were measured at various times following the stabilization of anesthesia, and the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and S100 protein in venous blood were calculated. Results: The Non-GDFT group had a higher incidence of POCD than the GDFT group, the GDFT group had significantly lower levels of IL-6 and S100 than the Non-GDFT group, the GDFT group had significantly lower levels of serum lactate than the Non-GDFT group. The GDFT group experienced significantly lower rates of intraoperative hypotensive and intraoperative low rSO2 events than the Non-GDFT group, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Assuring the balance of cerebral oxygen supply and demand, lowering the production of inflammatory mediators, and successfully reducing the incidence of POCD are all possible benefits of GDFT.
{"title":"Effect of Goal-directed Fluid Therapy on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Combined Lingual and Cervical Radical Surgery","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.6.2676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.6.2676","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The intraoperative rehydration technique known as the effect of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy (GDFT), which is guided by the dynamic monitoring of volume responsiveness, has received a lot of attention recently. According to a meta-analysis by Bene, GDFT can maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability, which lowers the incidence of postoperative complications and reduces stay at the intensive care unit.\u0000\u0000Objectives: This study aimed to determine how GDFT affected elderly patients who underwent combined lingual and cervical radical surgery after an operation for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).\u0000\u0000Methods: This interventional study was conducted between December 2021 and December 2022 in a medical center affiliated with Fujian Medical University on people undergoing radical neck and tongue surgery for tongue cancer. The samples (n=36) were selected using an availability sampling method and randomly divided into conventional fluid therapy (the Non-GDFT, n=18) and GDFT (n=18) groups. The Non-GDFT group was hydrated normally during anesthesia. A continuous infusion of 8 mL/(kg/h) of compounded sodium chloride was administered to the GDFT group to maintain basal hydration volume during the operation. Before and following surgery, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale scores were completed, arterial blood lactate values and bilateral cerebral oxygen saturation levels were measured at various times following the stabilization of anesthesia, and the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and S100 protein in venous blood were calculated.\u0000\u0000Results: The Non-GDFT group had a higher incidence of POCD than the GDFT group, the GDFT group had significantly lower levels of IL-6 and S100 than the Non-GDFT group, the GDFT group had significantly lower levels of serum lactate than the Non-GDFT group. The GDFT group experienced significantly lower rates of intraoperative hypotensive and intraoperative low rSO2 events than the Non-GDFT group, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Assuring the balance of cerebral oxygen supply and demand, lowering the production of inflammatory mediators, and successfully reducing the incidence of POCD are all possible benefits of GDFT.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41899558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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