Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Presence and Importance of PD-L1 Expression in Head-neck Squamosus Cell Carcinomas and Premalign Lesions","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.6.2567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.6.2567","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a cell membrane protein found on the surface of cancer cells, immune system cells in the tumor microenvironment, and various healthy tissues. Moreover, it plays a key role in suppressing the immune system.\u0000\u0000Objectives: We aim to explain the presence of PD-L1 in Head-Neck Squamosus Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) and premalign lesions by immunohistochemical method.\u0000\u0000Methods: Our retrospective study included 22 patients with HNSCC (15(68.1%) Oral cavity and 7(31.9%) Oropharynx), 20 patients with oral lichen planus, and 14 patients with normal oral cavity mucosa. In the evaluation of PD-L1 antibodies applied immunohistochemically in patients with HNSCC, the percentage of tumor cells showing membranous staining with PD-L1 antibodies was calculated.\u0000\u0000Results: The mean age of HNSCC patients participating in the study was 52.24 ± 11.7 years, the mean age of oral lichen planus patients was 34.10 ± 9.8 years, and the control patients' mean age was 31.42 ± 10.6 years. The rate of PD-L1 staining of tumor cells of HNSCC patients was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.001).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The importance of PD-L1 expression in HNSCC and precancerous lesions of the oral cavity is remarkable, and the values may be related to the pathophysiology of these diseases.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43514845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Laryngeal Mask Airway Impregnation with Diltiazem Gel on Hemodynamic Changes in Patients with Hypertension Undergoing Phacoemulsification Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.2359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.5.2359","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Airway control problems are among the most prevalent causes of anesthesia-related mortality and morbidity. Some devices provide patients with adequate oxygen supply and ventilation during surgery by creating a safe airway in anesthetized patients. One of these devices is the laryngeal mask airway (LMA). The compression and painful stimuli following the LMA cuff inflation can lead to hemodynamic changes. Diltiazem gel is used in the control and treatment of hypertension (HTN) and heart arrhythmia and is absorbed through the tracheal mucosa.\u0000\u0000Objectives: By assuming that diltiazem gel is superior to other drugs used to prevent arrhythmias and hemodynamic changes during surgery, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of LMA impregnation with diltiazem gel, compared to lubricant gel.\u0000\u0000Methods: This study was conducted as a double-blind, randomized clinical trial on 80 participants with HTN who were candidates for phacoemulsification (phaco) surgery in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran. The participants were assigned to an intervention (LMA impregnated with diltiazem gel) and a control group (LMA impregnated with lubricant gel) through the block random method in the form of 40 blocks of 2 using a random-numbers table. Hemodynamic changes (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate) were measured before, immediately after, 5 min, and 15 min after intubation, during surgery every 15 min, upon entering the recovery unit, and 15 and 30 min after entering the recovery unit.\u0000\u0000Results: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group showed a significant decrease, compared to that in the control group. A significant difference was also observed in the mean heart rate difference between the two study groups, but only at the beginning of the study (P<0.05). Additionally, according to the results of repeated measures analysis of variance, the mean of the measured variables showed a significant difference at different measurement times in the intervention group (P<0.05).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The findings supported the effectiveness of diltiazem gel in reducing blood pressure, especially in the final stages of surgery, decreasing the number of premature ventricular contractions, and controlling normal breathing. Therefore, specialists and surgeons can use diltiazem gel to control the hemodynamic status of patients.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44957735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cells Growth with Silibinin Encapsulated in Nanoparticles with Deregulation of miR-34a, miR-221, and miR-222","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2476","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the major cause of cancer recurrence and cancer drug resistance. Silibinin, as an herbal compound, has anticancer properties.\u0000\u0000Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of silibinin on HT29 stem-like cells (spheroids).\u0000\u0000Methods: In this study, antiproliferative and apoptotic properties of Silibinin encapsulated in Polymersome Nanoparticles (SPNs) were evaluated by MTT assay, propidium iodide (PI) /AnnexinV assay, cell cycle analysis, and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. The expression of some miRNAs and their potential targets was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).\u0000\u0000Results: IC50 of SPNs was determined at 28.13±0.78µg/ml after 24 h. SPNs (28µg/ml) induced apoptosis by 32.36% in HT29 cells after 24 h. DAPI staining indicated a decrease in stained nuclei after SPNs induction. SPNs treatment increased the expression of miR-34a, as well as P53, BAX, CASP9, CASP3, and CASP8. The downregulation of miR-221 and miR-222 was observed in SPNs treated cells. Moreover, SPNs decrease the expression level of CD markers in HT29 spheroids (cancer stem cells) compared to untreated spheroids. Spheroids were completely destroyed after 72 h treatment with SPNs (28µg/ml). \u0000\u0000Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, SPNs can be used as an effective anticancer agent in multi-layer (cancer stem cells) and mono-layer cancerous cells with the upregulation of tumor suppressive miRs and genes, as well as downregulation of oncomiRs and oncogenes.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42581635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effect of Inhalation and Intermittent Inhalation-Exhalation Incentive Spirometry on Dyspnea Severity and Atelectasis in Patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.3.1918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.3.1918","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dyspnea and atelectasis after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) are common and need nursing attention. Inhalation and exhalation incentive spirometry is recommended for preventing alveolar collapse and atelectasis.\u0000\u0000Objectives: This study aimed to compare different methods of incentive spirometry on dyspnea severity and atelectasis of the patients undergoing CABG.\u0000\u0000Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 66 patients undergoing CABG admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Cardiac Surgery Department in Hamadan, Iran, in 2020. The patients were selected through convenient sampling and were divided into two groups through block permutation: inhalation incentive spirometry and intermittent inhalation-exhalation spirometry. Both groups performed incentive spirometry according to the instructions they had received for four days. Then, they were examined for dyspnea and atelectasis using the Borg scale and chest x-ray, respectively.\u0000\u0000Results: During the intervention, dyspnea significantly decreased in the intermittent inhalation-exhalation group relative to the inhalation group (P<0.05). Most patients in both inhalation (63.6%) and intermittent inhalation-exhalation (65.6%) groups had atelectasis; however, no significant differences were observed between the two groups (P=0.867).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Incentive spirometry via intermittent inhalation-exhalation method was more effective on dyspnea compared to the inhalation method. Therefore, this method is recommended to patients and nurses to reduce pulmonary complications after CABG","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44091391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine versus Clarithromycin in the Improvement of Dyspnea and Cough in Patients after the Treatment of Acute-Phase COVID-19","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.4.2080","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome involves the persistence of the patient’s symptoms due to the residual inflammation of the acute phase.\u0000\u0000Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to evaluate medication intervention to accelerate the improvement of prolonged respiratory symptoms in this phase.\u0000\u0000Methods: Thirty-four patients, aged 20-50 years, in the recovery phase of COVID-19, were enrolled, who still suffered from respiratory problems even two weeks after being discharged from Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran. They were divided into three groups based on the type of treatment for eliminating the remaining symptoms: hydroxychloroquine (HCQ, 200 mg twice daily for four weeks), clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily for four weeks), and control (receiving a placebo similar to the last two groups). At the beginning and end of the treatment, patients’ dyspnea and cough were assessed using Medical Research Council and visual analog scale (VAS), respectively, their laboratory tests were checked, and they took a 6-min walk test.\u0000\u0000Results: At the end of the treatment, the VAS of cough was 0.74 in the HCQ group, which was higher than that in the clarithromycin group. In addition, dyspnea decreased in the HCQ and clarithromycin groups by 64% and 40%, respectively, compared to the control group. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between residual dyspnea at the end of the treatment and the severity of initial lung involvement in the acute phase.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that HCQ was more effective in reducing dyspnea, compared to clarithromycin, in the recovery phase, especially in patients with milder lung involvement in the acute phase. Additionally, clarithromycin was found to be more effective in improving coughs.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44159015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Dexmedetomidine and Sufentanil Added to Spinal Anesthesia with Bupivacaine for Hemodynamic Stability and Postoperative Analgesia in Elective Cesarean Section Surgery: A Single-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.3.2361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.3.2361","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hemodynamic instability, including hypotension and bradycardia, can occur due to spinal anesthesia by bupivacaine. However, it is possible to reduce the chance of hemodynamic changes by the reduction of the dose of bupivacaine and/or the addition of adjunctive agents.\u0000\u0000Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of the addition of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and sufentanil to spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine in elective cesarean section (CS).\u0000\u0000Methods: This prospective single-blinded randomized clinical trial with parallel groups was performed on 60 pregnant women who were candidates for elective CS in Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. In addition to receiving 10 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%, they were randomly divided into two groups to receive intrathecal sufentanil 5 μg (30 cases) or dexmedetomidine 5 μg (30 cases). Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and occurrence of side effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, headache, and shivering) were recorded within 1 h after the injections. Moreover, the postoperative analgesia rate and duration (using a visual analog scale [VAS]) were recorded within the first 24 h after the completion of the CS. Headache severity (using a VAS) was also measured during the first week after CS.\u0000\u0000Results: Patients declared their satisfaction with analgesia after surgery. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes during the first 60 min. Similarly, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the severity of incision pain in the first 24 h after CS surgery. On days 3, 4, and 5, none of the patients in the sufentanil and bupivacaine group had headaches (VAS=0), but patients in the dexmedetomidine and bupivacaine group had some degree of headache (P=0.040).\u0000\u0000Conclusions: Based on the results, intrathecal administration of bupivacaine with either sufentanil or dexmedetomidine in CS did not have significantly different effects, except for slightly more severe headaches in the dexmedetomidine group. Therefore, no superiority of one drug over the other was observed for intrathecal administration with bupivacaine in CS.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42135984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Patients with Fournier's Gangrene","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.6.2334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.6.2334","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The first case of COVID-19 infection in Turkey was reported on March 11th, 2020, and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, introducing new regulations to national health systems. Some patients with non-COVID-19 presentations may have been adversely affected by this pandemic.\u0000\u0000Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on patients with Fournier's gangrene during the pandemic and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical management and patient outcomes for Fournier's gangrene.\u0000\u0000Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2018 and March 2022 at the General Surgery Department of Trakya University. Patients were stratified into pre-pandemic and pandemic groups based on the date of March 11th, 2020, when the first Covid-19 case was reported in Turkey. Data collection and retrospective analysis were completed for all patients who were operated on for Fournier's gangrene originating from the perianal region. Demographic characteristics, predisposing factors, as well as laboratory and clinical results of the patients treated during the pandemic, were compared with the patients treated before the pandemic.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 43 patients were included in the study (pre-pandemic: 24, pandemic: 19). There was a statistically significant difference between the pre-pandemic and pandemic groups in terms of the median length of hospital stay (7 vs. 16 days, p<0.001) and the median number of debridement (4 vs. 2, p=0.002).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: In the presence of life-threatening surgical pathologies, such as Fournier's gangrene, the number of admissions did not decrease despite the pandemic. Precautions taken to reduce the risk of transmission in pandemic conditions and more aggressive surgical applications can reduce the number of debridement procedures and shorten the length of hospital stay. Subsequently, this is associated with similar treatment outcomes, lower morbidity, and reduced treatment costs.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48221866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Nurses’ Challenges during Coronavirus Outbreak: A Qualitative Study","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.6.2687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.6.2687","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the crisis of communicable diseases, nurses play an important role in controlling the disease and treating patients; therefore, the obstacles and challenges facing these medical personnel should be reduced.\u0000\u0000Objectives: The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the challenges faced by nurses during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.\u0000\u0000Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis approach in 2021-22 in the city ABC. The participants in this study were 30 people who were selected from 10 different hospitals and included nursing managers (n=10), supervisors (n=10), and nurses (n=10). Sampling was done purposefully and continued until the information saturation point. Semi-structured in-depth interview was used individually based on the interview guideline to collect data.\u0000\u0000Results: The results showed that the challenges faced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic included 452 codes and 12 subcategories, which after the final classification of the data, 4 main challenge categories were obtained, which included human challenges (33 subcategories), financial challenges (15 subcategories), communication challenges (8 subcategories), and organizational challenges (27 subcategories).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the challenges faced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic included human, financial, communication, and organizational obstacles. Recognizing the challenges can help formulate road maps and strategies for improving disaster preparedness and management in hospitals.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46246139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of coagulopathy frequency and risk factors in trauma patients in intensive care unit","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.3.2533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.3.2533","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Post traumatic coagulopathy is a frequently encountered problem. However, risk factors related to coagulopathy are not exactly known.\u0000\u0000Objectives: In this study it is targeted to determine the frequency of coagulopathy related to trauma, risk factors and its affect to prognosis on patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit(ICU) after trauma retrospectively.\u0000Methods: 184 patients admitted to mixed type adult ICU, which is having 20 beds, in the years between 2011 and 2017 due to trauma have been studied. Patients have been separated into two groups as patients having coagulopathy and not having coagulopathy by examining their laboratory results. Patients having; thrombocyte count <100 000/μL on the first and third days, Prothrombin Time(PT)>16s, activated Partial Thromboplastine Time(aPTT)>40s, International Normalized Ratio(INR)>1.6 are being accepted as having coagulopathy. Medical records of patients have been recorded retrospectively.\u0000Results: The average age of 184 patients that are included in the study is 41.77; 19% of them are Female and 81% of them are Male. Coagulopathy detected on 78 patients (42.4%) (on the first day 32.6%, on the third day 9.8%). It has been detected that, patients developed coagulopathy were having more accompanying diseases(p<0.05), lower Glasgow Coma Score (GCS)(p<0.05), lower albumin values(p<0.05) and higher 28-day mortality rates(p<0.001) compared to patients that have not developed coagulopathy. Revised Trauma Score(RTS) of two groups are not significant(p>0.05). Having accompanying diseases, having low GCS and albumin values are being determined as independent risk factors in coagulopathy development.\u0000Conclusion: As a conclusion; since it is not possible to change GCS and risk factors belong to critical trauma patients, we think that it is possible to decrease the frequency of coagulopathy development as well as mortality rate by preventing risk factors such as hypoalbuminemia by means of suitable approaches.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45698683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a Quality Evaluation system for Emergency Pre-examination and Triage under the Normalization of the COVID-19 Epidemic based on the SERVQUAL Model","authors":"HongQuan Fan, Zhe Chu, Wei Wang, Huimin Li","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.3.2483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.3.2483","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The effect of emergency epidemic prevention and control and the quality of emergency pre-testing and triage under the normalization of COVID-19 epidemics was evaluated by quality evaluation system based on the SERVQUAL model.\u0000\u0000Objectives: This study aimed to develop a quality evaluation system for emergency pre-test and triage under a normal COVID-19 epidemic, based on the SERVQUAL model.\u0000\u0000Methods: Based on the SERVQUAL model, a quality evaluation system of emergency pre-examination and triage under the normalization of the COVID-19 epidemic was developed. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted by the Delphi method, involving 15 experts.\u0000\u0000Results: The recovery rates for the two rounds of expert consultation were 100 %, the expert authority coefficient was 0.954, and the Kendall coordination coefficients were 0.273 and 0.182. The coefficients of variation of the three-level indicators of the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.003-0.275 and 0.052-0.125, respectively. An evaluation system including 5 first-level indicators, 14 second-level indicators, and 42 third-level indicators of 5 dimensions (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) of the SERVQUAL model was established.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Based on the SERVQUAL model, a quality evaluation system for emergency pre-examination and triage under the normalization of the COVID-19 epidemic situation was completed. It reflected the medical services, triage, and epidemic prevention and control required to provide the requisite quality of emergency pre-examination and triage under the normalization of the COVID-19 epidemic situation. It provided a reference for the quality supervision of emergency pre-examination and triage under the normalization of the COVID-19 epidemic situation.","PeriodicalId":48912,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44111220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}