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Statistical analysis of economic viability of farms operating in Czech areas facing natural constraints 在捷克面临自然限制的地区经营农场的经济可行性统计分析
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.17221/327/2019-agricecon
T. Hlavsa, J. Špička, M. Štolbová, Z. Hloušková
The redesign of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) allows for more room to address issues related to stabilising farmers’ income and developing their viability in areas facing natural constraints (ANC). Maintaining income levels, developing farm economies in rural areas, and encouraging competitive agricultural practises are the challenges facing the new CAP. ANCs in the Czech Republic are characterised by a lower level of income compared to areas outside ANCs and their generally prevailing specialisation in livestock production, which has been facing a relatively turbulent development in the last decade. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the economic viability with regard to the level of natural disadvantage and with regard to farm specialisation. The database of Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) was used for assessment; the authors built the Farm Economic Viability indicator, which is based on modified Farm Net Value Added. The differences between the farm groups were tested through analysis of variance. Significantly lower viability was found in ANCs compared to farms outside ANCs. Field crops achieved significantly higher levels, both in and outside ANCs. The most threatened group of farms are grazing livestock in ANCs.
共同农业政策(CAP)的重新设计为解决与稳定农民收入和发展面临自然限制地区农民生存能力有关的问题提供了更大的空间。维持收入水平、发展农村地区的农业经济和鼓励竞争性农业实践是新共同农业政策面临的挑战。捷克共和国农区的特点是,与农区以外的地区相比,农区的收入水平较低,畜牧业生产普遍专业化,而畜牧业生产在过去十年中一直面临着相对动荡的发展。本文的主要目的是评估在自然劣势水平和农业专业化方面的经济可行性。采用农场会计数据网络(FADN)数据库进行评估;构建了基于修正农场净增加值的农场经济生存力指标。通过方差分析检验各组农场之间的差异。与农业中心外的农场相比,农业中心内的生存能力明显较低。田间作物在非农化区内外的水平均显著提高。最受威胁的农场群体是非洲国家的放牧牲畜。
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引用次数: 12
Analysing farmers’ intention to adopt web marketing under a technology-organisation-environment perspective: A case study in Italy 技术-组织-环境视角下农户网络营销意向分析:以意大利为例
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.17221/355/2019-agricecon
E. Giampietri, S. Trestini
This study explores the factors that affect the intention to adopt web marketing (WM) at farm level as an innovation for business purposes. Data were collected from a direct survey among Italian farmers. The paper applies the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework. Among the variables considered, the results mainly show that a higher perceived usefulness of WM leads to a greater intention to adopt it from farmers. Similarly, the intention to adopt WM is positively influenced by the customers‘ readiness to use this technology and the perceived ease of use. Moreover, the intention to adopt is lower for the farms showing a greater size. Surprisingly, the perception of customers’ positive expectation about WM adoption by the farm shows a negative effect, suggesting that external pressures can inhibit farmers’ intention. Findings are valuable to understand how to develop policies to support WM adoption among farmers, that is important to gain access to the market especially for smallholders.
本研究探讨了影响农场采用网络营销(WM)作为商业目的创新的因素。数据收集自对意大利农民的直接调查。本文采用了技术-组织-环境(TOE)框架。在考虑的变量中,结果主要表明,WM的感知有用性越高,农民采用WM的意愿就越大。同样,采用WM的意图受到客户使用该技术的准备程度和感知到的易用性的积极影响。此外,规模较大的农场的领养意向也较低。令人惊讶的是,消费者对农场采用WM的积极期望的感知显示出负面影响,这表明外部压力可以抑制农民的意愿。研究结果对于了解如何制定支持农民采用WM的政策很有价值,这对于获得市场准入非常重要,尤其是对小农而言。
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引用次数: 10
Effect of inventory management on profitability: evidence from the Polish food industry: Case study 库存管理对盈利能力的影响:来自波兰食品行业的证据:案例研究
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.17221/370/2019-agricecon
Z. Gołaś
The main purpose of this study is to verify the causative link between inventory performance and profitability of food companies. This was done using the panel data methodology at the level of Polish food industry sub-sectors. The study takes account of the inventory mix, which includes the stocks of raw and other materials, work-in-progress, finished products and commodities. As shown by the analysis, the 2005–2017 period witnessed a decline in the share of inventories in total assets and in current assets. That trend was accompanied by an improvement in inventory management efficiency. The study also found that the days sales of inventory for total stocks clearly tends to become shorter due to a reduction in the days in inventory ratio for materials and finished products. Based on panel regression models, this study demonstrated that an improvement in inventory management efficiency is positively correlated with financial performance, measured as the return on operating assets.
本研究的主要目的是验证食品公司库存绩效与盈利能力之间的因果关系。这是在波兰食品工业分部门层面使用面板数据方法完成的。这项研究考虑到库存组合,其中包括原材料和其他材料、在制品、成品和商品的库存。分析显示,2005-2017年期间,存货占总资产和流动资产的比例下降。伴随这一趋势的是库存管理效率的提高。研究还发现,由于材料和成品的库存天数比降低,总库存的库存销售天数明显趋于缩短。基于面板回归模型,本研究表明库存管理效率的提高与财务绩效呈正相关,财务绩效以经营资产收益率衡量。
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引用次数: 13
What Bayesian quantiles can tell about volatility transmission between the major agricultural futures? 贝叶斯分位数能告诉我们主要农产品期货之间的波动传导吗?
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.17221/127/2019-agricecon
D. Živkov, B. Kuzman, J. Subić
This paper investigates an idiosyncratic volatility spillover effect between the four agricultural futures – corn, wheat, soybean, and rise. In order to avoid biased measurements of the volatilities, we use the Markov switching generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (MS-GARCH) model. The created volatilities are imbedded in the Bayesian quantile regression framework which can produce accurate quantile estimates. We report that soybean and wheat receive relatively high levels of volatility shocks from the other markets, and that excludes soybean and wheat as primary investment assets in a portfolio. On the other hand, rice receives the lowest amount of volatility shocks from all other agricultural futures. The reason could be the policy of rice price stability that is conducted by countries in the Asia and Pacific region. This result favours rice futures, from the four commodities, as the primary asset in a portfolio. All other futures are suitable to be an auxiliary asset in a portfolio with rice, because rice receives the weakest volatility shocks spillover effect from the other three markets.
本文研究了玉米、小麦、大豆和稻谷四种农产品期货的异质波动溢出效应。为了避免波动率的偏差测量,我们使用了马尔可夫切换广义自回归条件异方差(MS-GARCH)模型。创建的波动率嵌入到贝叶斯分位数回归框架中,可以产生准确的分位数估计。我们报告说,大豆和小麦受到来自其他市场的相对较高的波动性冲击,这排除了大豆和小麦作为投资组合中的主要投资资产。另一方面,大米在所有其他农产品期货中受到的波动冲击最小。原因可能是亚洲和太平洋地区国家实施的大米价格稳定政策。这一结果有利于大米期货作为投资组合中的主要资产。所有其他期货都适合作为大米组合的辅助资产,因为大米受其他三个市场波动冲击溢出效应最弱。
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引用次数: 5
Economic outcomes in relation to farmers’ age in the Czech Republic 捷克共和国与农民年龄相关的经济成果
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-04-29 DOI: 10.17221/117/2019-AGRICECON
Z. Hloušková, M. Prášilová
The current paper aims to assess farming enterprise outcomes in the Czech Republic from a socio-economic perspective. The relationship between the age of a farms’ managers and its economic results has been analysed for 1 351 farms using the FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) database in order to determine whether farms’ economic results differ on the basis of the age of their managers. Our analysis confirms that there is indeed a correlation between manager age and a farming enterprise’s economic results. The results have been analysed in detail according to the age groups of managers and farm owners, farm specialization, and farm size. The farm net value added per annual work unit reached the best values in businesses managed by young farmers in crop production (EUR 34 445) and young farmers in large enterprises (EUR 43 400). The oldest farmers, specializing in milk production, had the highest level of indebtedness (0.39). The data reveal that the age of farmers is inversely proportional to the level of indebtedness, with level of debt decreasing with increasing farmer age. A Mann-Whitney U test (with Bonferroni correction) confirms a statistically significant difference between young farmers and the remaining three age groups in the ratio of production to cost.
本文旨在从社会经济角度评估捷克共和国的农业企业成果。利用FADN(农场会计数据网络)数据库分析了1 351个农场管理者年龄与其经济成果之间的关系,以确定农场管理者年龄是否会导致经济成果的差异。我们的分析证实了管理者的年龄与农业企业的经济效益之间确实存在相关性。根据管理者和农场主的年龄组、农场专业化和农场规模对结果进行了详细分析。在由青年农民管理的作物生产企业(34 445欧元)和大型企业中的青年农民(43 400欧元)中,每个工作单位的农场净增加值达到最佳值。专门从事牛奶生产的最年长农民的负债水平最高(0.39)。数据显示,农民的年龄与债务水平成反比,债务水平随着农民年龄的增加而下降。曼-惠特尼U检验(Bonferroni校正)证实了年轻农民和其他三个年龄组在生产成本比上的统计显著差异。
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引用次数: 5
Analysis of carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in China 中国二氧化碳排放、能源消耗和经济增长分析
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-04-29 DOI: 10.17221/258/2019-agricecon
A. Gessesse, G. He
This study examines the nexus of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption (EC) and gross domestic products (GDP), using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach of co-integration and error-correction model (ECM) for the period 1971–2015. The aim of the research is to i) examine the relationship between CO2 and GDP as “cross-coupling, relative decoupling, or absolute decoupling,” and validate the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis; ii) detect causality between CO2 emissions, EC, and GDP, and scrutinize their impacts. The ARDL results confirm a long-run and short-run co-integration relationship between the variables. The relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP is “relatively decoupling,” and the EKC exists in China. Its CO2 emissions are more explained by EC and contribute twofold of GDP. In the long run, there was significant negative causality from CO2 emission and GDP to EC. This indicates Chinese economic development structure should be re-designed towards energy-saving and decarbonized economic structure. Moreover, the central and provincial governments of China should synchronize optimal energy utilization and green economic structure to mitigate environmental deterioration and climate change.
本研究采用协整和误差修正模型(ECM)的自回归分布滞后(ARDL)边界检验方法,考察了1971-2015年期间二氧化碳(CO2)排放、能源消耗(EC)和国内生产总值(GDP)之间的关系。研究的目的是:1)检验二氧化碳与GDP之间的“交叉耦合、相对解耦或绝对解耦”关系,并验证环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)假设的存在性;ii)检测二氧化碳排放、EC和GDP之间的因果关系,并仔细研究它们的影响。ARDL结果证实了变量之间的长期和短期协整关系。二氧化碳排放与GDP呈“相对脱钩”关系,且中国存在EKC。其二氧化碳排放量更多地由EC解释,贡献了GDP的两倍。从长期来看,CO2排放、GDP与EC之间存在显著的负相关关系。这表明中国的经济发展结构应该朝着节能和脱碳的经济结构重新设计。此外,中国中央和省级政府应同步优化能源利用和绿色经济结构,以减缓环境恶化和气候变化。
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引用次数: 20
Competitiveness of Polish dairy farms in the European Union 波兰奶牛场在欧盟的竞争力
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-04-29 DOI: 10.17221/254/2019-AGRICECON
A. Parzonko, P. Bórawski
This article analyses the competitiveness of dairy farms in Poland in relation to selected EU countries. The competitive advantage of dairy farms was evaluated and compared based on remuneration for family labour. Two variants of the above indicator were calculated: (1) Remuneration for family labour (FL1) as the relationship between farm net income and the farmer’s unpaid labour input, and (2) Remuneration for family labour (FL2) as the relationship between farm net income minus the opportunity costs of own land and capital to the farmer’s unpaid labour input. The calculations were performed based on EU FADN (European Union Farm Accountancy Data Network) data for an average dairy farm in 2005, 2010 and 2016. The study revealed the highest average remuneration for family labour (FL1) in Irish and German dairy farms. The value of the second indicator (FL2) was also highest in Germany, followed by France. The analysis produced interesting results regarding dairy farms in Denmark and the Netherlands which were characterised by the highest scale of production in the evaluated period (high net value added), but very low farm incomes and remuneration for family labour. The study revealed that Polish dairy farms were characterised by average competitiveness relative.
本文分析了波兰奶牛场的竞争力与选定的欧盟国家的关系。根据家庭劳动报酬对奶牛场的竞争优势进行了评价和比较。计算了上述指标的两种变体:(1)家庭劳动报酬(FL1),即农场净收入与农民无偿劳动投入之间的关系;(2)家庭劳动报酬(FL2),即农场净收入减去自有土地和资本对农民无偿劳动投入的机会成本之间的关系。这些计算是根据欧盟农场会计数据网络(FADN)在2005年、2010年和2016年对一个普通奶牛场的数据进行的。研究显示,爱尔兰和德国奶牛场的家庭劳动平均报酬(FL1)最高。第二项指标(FL2)的价值在德国也是最高的,其次是法国。分析得出了关于丹麦和荷兰奶牛场的有趣结果,这两个奶牛场的特点是在评估期间生产规模最大(高净增加值),但农场收入和家庭劳动报酬非常低。研究表明,波兰奶牛场的特点是相对平均竞争力。
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引用次数: 13
Principles of the experience economy in designing an agritourism product 体验经济在农业产品设计中的原则
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-04-29 DOI: 10.17221/209/2019-AGRICECON
A. Sieczko, A. Parzonko, Wioletta Bieńkowska-Gołasa
Taking action aimed at creating an attractive agritourism product contributes to the development of rural tourism. The main purpose of this study is to present reflections regarding the assumptions of the experience economy and their possible application in developing an agritourism product. The conducted empirical research involved a diagnostic survey method based on a standardized questionnaire. The study results show that the owners of Polish agritourism farms, when focusing on the material components of their offer, should also recognize the need to design memorable experiences for their clients.
采取旨在创造有吸引力的农业产品的行动有助于乡村旅游的发展。本研究的主要目的是提出关于体验经济的假设及其在开发农业旅游产品中的可能应用的思考。实证研究采用基于标准化问卷的诊断性调查方法。研究结果表明,波兰农业旅游农场的业主在关注其产品的物质组成部分时,也应该认识到为客户设计难忘体验的必要性。
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引用次数: 4
Rural-urban migrants’ remittances and wage inequality: Evidence from China 城乡移民汇款与工资不平等:来自中国的证据
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-03-31 DOI: 10.17221/53/2019-AGRICECON
Yunyun Wu, Xiaochun Li
There is a link between rural-urban remittances and wage inequality. However, the existing literature sheds little light on this topic. In this study, we establish a three-sector general equilibrium model to investigate the effects of rural-urban migrants’ remittances on wage inequality. Further, we use Chinese macroeconomic data to calibrate the parameters and conduct analysis with numerical simulation. We find that, when rural-urban migrants raise their remittance rate, wage inequality between skilled labour and the urban formal sector remains unchanged in the sector-specific capital case but narrows in the sector-mobile capital case. Moreover, in the sector-specific case, skilled and unskilled wage inequalities, wSY and wSZ, decrease at the same rate as the urban-rural wage inequalities, wXY and wXZ, respectively. In the mobile case, however, the former declines faster than the latter.
城乡汇款与工资不平等之间存在联系。然而,现有的文献对这一主题知之甚少。本文建立了一个三部门一般均衡模型来考察城乡移民汇款对工资不平等的影响。此外,我们使用中国宏观经济数据来校准参数并进行数值模拟分析。我们发现,当城乡移民提高其汇款率时,熟练劳动力和城市正规部门之间的工资不平等在特定部门资本情况下保持不变,但在部门流动资本情况下缩小。此外,在特定行业的情况下,熟练和非熟练工资不平等wSY和wSZ分别以与城乡工资不平等wXY和wXZ相同的速度下降。然而,在移动领域,前者比后者下降得更快。
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引用次数: 2
Estimating the social value of multifunctional agriculture (MFA) with choice experiment 利用选择实验估算多功能农业的社会价值
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-03-31 DOI: 10.17221/147/2019-agricecon
Hyunhee Jung
The convergence policy in agriculture, existing in many forms, has globally become one of the main concepts in agricultural development with the "sixth industrial movement" in South Korea and Japan; the multifunctional agriculture (MFA) policies proposed by van der Ploeg and Roep being good examples. The goal of this study is to test three hypotheses through the economic valuation of MFA. In the first part of the research, the importance of agricultural production activity and the core element of the rural complex were evaluated. In the second part, an assessment of three strategies of MFA and its eleven specific attributes was conducted. In the third part, the applicability of the triangular policy of van der Ploeg’s strategic frameworks of MFA was analysed.
农业趋同政策以多种形式存在,以韩国和日本的“第六次产业运动”为契机,在全球范围内成为农业发展的主要理念之一;van der Ploeg和Roep提出的多功能农业(MFA)政策就是很好的例子。本研究的目的是通过MFA的经济评估来检验三个假设。在研究的第一部分,对农业生产活动的重要性和农村综合体的核心要素进行了评价。第二部分对MFA的三种策略及其11个具体属性进行了评估。第三部分分析了范德普洛格战略框架三角政策的适用性。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Agricultural Economics-Zemedelska Ekonomika
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