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Soils of external islands of the Gulf of Finland: Soil pollution status and dynamics in abandoned agricultural ecosystems 芬兰湾外岛土壤:废弃农业生态系统的土壤污染状况和动态
IF 2.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.17221/14/2022-swr
Ekaterina Chebykina (Maksimova), G. Shamilishvilly, S. Kouzov, E. Abakumov
External islands of the Gulf of Finland are an archipelago of relatively small islands located in central-eastern parts of the gulf. These islands are unique natural environments that represent an informative model for the evaluation of former agricultural soil dynamics in abandoned agricultural landscapes. Soils of these islands have been in a fallow state for about 70 years, although before that, they were arable vegetable soils of Finnish settlements for a long time. The morphological pedodiversity of external islands of the Gulf of Finland was studied during a complex expedition that took place within the framework of the program “My Region” in 2019 and was supported by Nord Stream 2 AG. The determination of main soil characteristics was carried out using standard analysis procedures. The unique soils of these areas could be used for the evaluation of the long-term evolution of anthropogenically developed soils after being in an abandoned (fallow) state. Data on soil morphology, taxonomy state and agrochemical soil characteristics are discussed, as are current soil pollution processes of these remote areas based on trace elements. Lands of external islands of the Gulf of Finland are characterised by a wide diversity of soil patterns at different stages of development.
芬兰湾外岛是由位于海湾中东部的相对较小的岛屿组成的群岛。这些岛屿是独特的自然环境,为评估废弃农业景观中的前农业土壤动态提供了信息模型。这些岛屿的土壤已处于休耕状态约70年,尽管在此之前,它们是芬兰定居点的可耕种蔬菜土壤很长一段时间。在2019年“我的地区”计划框架内进行的一次复杂的考察中,芬兰湾外部岛屿的形态土壤多样性进行了研究,并得到了Nord Stream 2 AG的支持。采用标准分析程序测定土壤的主要特征。这些地区独特的土壤可用于评价人为开发土壤在撂荒(休耕)状态后的长期演变。讨论了基于微量元素的偏远地区土壤污染现状、土壤形态、分类状态和土壤农化特征等数据。芬兰湾外岛的土地在不同的发展阶段具有广泛多样的土壤模式。
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引用次数: 1
Soil-conservation effect of intercrops in silage maize 青贮玉米间作的土壤保持效应
IF 2.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.17221/36/2022-swr
D. Kincl, P. Formánek, J. Vopravil, P. Nerušil, L. Menšík, J. Janků
More than 50% of agricultural land is threatened by water erosion in the Czech Republic. With respect to soil erosion, maize (Zea mays L.) belongs to the most problematic crops; one of the possibilities to increase protection against erosion is intercropping. In this study, we attempted to find out the effects of individual intercrops and their mixtures (sown 4–6 weeks after sowing maize) or a mixed culture (maize plus lupine) on the soil losses and surface runoff in the period 2019–2021. The study was realised in a sugar beet growing region (Haplic Luvisol); a field rainfall simulator was used. From the used variants with Lolium perenne L., Trifolium repens L., Vicia villosa Roth, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Triticum aestivum L. or a mixture (Vicia villosa plus a Trifolium hybrid diploid), the variants with Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Vicia villosa or Vicia villosa plus the Trifolium hybrid diploid, established between the maize rows (hybrid maize, cultivar Walterinio) on May 27, were the most efficient in case of both the soil losses and runoff reductions in the year 2019. For example, Triticum aestivum between the maize rows mostly reduced the soil losses and the surface runoff was similar (or higher) compared with the control (maize without any intercrop). The variant with Trifolium repens had mostly higher (or similar) soil loss values (compared with the control); in this variant, the runoff was lower compared with the control. We proved our hypothesis with regards to the higher reduction in the soil losses than with the runoff in the variant with Lolium perenne. The results from the years 2020 (the used variants with Lolium multiflorum, Secale cereale L., Trifolium incarnatum L., Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Lolium multiflorum plus Trifolium incarnatum, Lolium multiflorum plus Vicia pannonica Crantz) and 2021 (the variants with Lolium multiflorum, Lolium multiflorum – early sowing, Secale cereale, Trifolium incarnatum, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Lolium multiflorum plus Trifolium incarnatum, a mixed culture = maize plus Lupinus albus L.) showed the variants with Trifolium incarnatum, the mixture (Lolium multiflorum plus Trifolium incarnatum), Phacelia tanacetifolia (in the year 2020) or the mixture (Lolium multiflorum plus Trifolium incarnatum) and a mixed culture (maize plus Lupinus albus) (2021) had the most positive effect – the soil loss and surface runoff values were lower when the maize was > 2 m compared with the maize < 1 m. The results obtained in the period 2019–2021 showed the grasses were the most efficient in decreasing the soil losses when the maize was < 1 m and when the maize was > 2 m with the used mixtures.
捷克共和国50%以上的农业用地受到水土流失的威胁。就土壤侵蚀而言,玉米属于问题最严重的作物;加强对侵蚀防护的可能性之一是间作。在这项研究中,我们试图找出2019-2021年期间,单个间作及其混合物(在播种玉米后4-6周播种)或混合栽培(玉米加羽扇豆)对土壤损失和地表径流的影响。这项研究是在甜菜种植区(Haplic Luvisol)进行的;使用了现场降雨模拟器。从所使用的具有多年生Lolium perenne L.、白三叶草L.、绒毛Vicia villosa Roth、多花Lolium multiflorum Lam.的变体中。,高羊茅。,在2019年土壤流失和径流减少的情况下,5月27日在玉米行(杂交玉米,栽培品种Walterinio)之间建立的小麦(Triticum aestivum L。例如,玉米行间的小麦主要减少了土壤损失,与对照(没有任何间作的玉米)相比,地表径流相似(或更高)。与对照相比,白三叶变种的土壤损失值大多更高(或相似);在该变体中,与对照相比,径流量更低。我们证明了我们的假设,即在多年生Lolium的变体中,土壤损失的减少率高于径流的减少率。2020年和2021年的结果(使用的变种包括多花Lolium multiflorum、Secale cereale L.、Trifolium incarnatum L.、Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.、多花Loliu plus Trifolium incarnatum、多花Lonium plus Vicia pannica Crantz)(多花Lollium multiflorum、多花Lollim multiflorum-早播、Secale cereale、三叶草、田西叶Phacelia tanacetifolia、多花Lolium plus Trifolium incarnatum、混合培养=玉米+白狼疮L.)显示了三叶草的变体,田西叶Phacelia tanacetifolia(2020年)或其混合物(多花Lolium multiflorum加Trifolium incarnatum)和混合培养物(玉米加羽扇豆)(2021年)具有最积极的影响——与<1 m的玉米相比,玉米>2 m时的土壤损失和地表径流值较低。2019-2021年期间获得的结果表明,当玉米使用所用混合物时,草在减少土壤损失方面最有效。
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引用次数: 5
Irrigation quotas influenced the characteristics of the preferential flow in cotton fields under mulched drip irrigation in Northwest China 灌溉定额影响了西北地区膜下滴灌棉田的优先流特征
IF 2.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.17221/74/2021-swr
Rui Chen, Zhenhua Wang, Tianyu Wang, Xiaodi Wu
Preferential flow is associated with potential issues of poor irrigation water-fertiliser efficiency in a cultivated field. In addition, a preliminary understanding of how irrigation quotas contribute to this prevalent phenomenon is limited. Thus, one blank control group and three different irrigation quotas were set (0, 450, 550 and 650 mm) and the dye tracing image method was applied to investigate the characteristics of the preferential flow in cotton fields under mulched drip irrigation. On the basis of the results, we found significant differences in the preferential flow degree between the four groups (P = 0.02); the mean scores of the dyed area ratio Dc and variation coefficient Cv from the soil stained profile were 29.83%, 45.77%, 37.36%, 39.40% and 0.98, 1.12, 1.28, 1.17 for the total irrigation quota 0, 450, 550 and 650 mm, respectively, indicating an increasing and then decreasing tendency for the non-uniformity as well as variation in the soil water flowing as the irrigation quota being put on. At the same time, the preferential flow ratios showed a similar trend compared with Dc as well as Cv, which were 4.64%, 13.70%, 40.03%, and 23.60% for the irrigation amounts of 0, 450, 550, and 650 mm, respectively. In general, we concluded that the degree of preferential flow with an irrigation quota of 550 mm (local irrigation practice) was highest while no irrigation led to a more uniform flow in the cotton fields with film mulched. The present study goes some way towards supplementing our understanding of preferential flow in agricultural practice.
优先流动与耕地灌溉水肥效率低的潜在问题有关。此外,对灌溉定额如何促成这一普遍现象的初步了解是有限的。为此,设置空白对照组和3个不同的灌溉定额(0、450、550和650 mm),采用染料示踪成像方法研究膜下滴灌棉田优先流特征。在此基础上,我们发现四组之间的优先流动程度存在显著差异(P = 0.02);土壤染色剖面染色面积比Dc和变异系数Cv的平均得分分别为29.83%、45.77%、37.36%、39.40%,总灌溉定额0、450、550和650 mm分别为0.98、1.12、1.28、1.17,表明随着灌溉定额的增加,土壤水分流动的不均匀性和变异性呈现先增加后减少的趋势。同时,灌溉量为0、450、550和650 mm时,优先流量比与Dc和Cv表现出相似的趋势,分别为4.64%、13.70%、40.03%和23.60%。总的来说,我们得出结论,当灌溉定额为550 mm(当地灌溉做法)时,优先流量程度最高,而在覆膜棉田,不灌溉导致的流量更均匀。本研究在一定程度上补充了我们对农业实践中优惠流的理解。
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引用次数: 2
The impact of forest naturalness and tree species composition on soil organic carbon content in areas with unnatural occurrence of Norway spruce in the Czech Republic 捷克挪威云杉非自然发生区森林自然度和树种组成对土壤有机碳含量的影响
IF 2.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.17221/19/2022-swr
M. Horváth, Petra Hanáková Bečvářová, B. Šarapatka, V. Zouhar
Climate change has increased attention paid in the research to forest soils and tree species composition, in respect to the potential for carbon sequestration. It is known that forest stands are able to store soil organic carbon (SOC), but little is known about the effect of forest naturalness on SOC content. This is important in relation of dying of unnatural spruce stands. It is necessary to determine a suitable composition of tree species which will replace them. This research is based on 248 plots with oak, beech, and spruce stands and mixtures of these species, with measured values of SOC. Our results show that autochthonous and mixed stands, in terms of tree species composition, in the study area had a higher SOC content than allochthonous and pure stands. In addition, it was found that autochthonous oak and beech stands, especially in mixtures, had a higher SOC content than allochthonous spruce stands (monocultures). On the basis of the presented results, it is possible to optimize the future tree species composition of stands in the study area, which currently have an allochthonous representation of spruce, to provide better function of carbon sequestration and resistance to climate change.
气候变化使森林土壤和树种组成的研究在固碳潜力方面受到越来越多的关注。已知林分具有土壤有机碳(SOC)的储存能力,但森林自然度对土壤有机碳含量的影响尚不清楚。这对于非自然的云杉林的死亡是很重要的。有必要确定一种合适的树种组成来取代它们。本研究以248个样地为研究对象,其中包括橡树、山毛榉和云杉以及这些树种的混交林,并测量了土壤有机碳值。结果表明:研究区原生林分和混交林的土壤有机碳含量高于原生林分和纯林分。此外,本地栎树和山毛榉林的有机碳含量,特别是混合栎树和山毛榉林的有机碳含量高于外来云杉林(单一栽培)。在此基础上,可以优化研究区林分的树种组成,以提供更好的固碳和抵御气候变化的功能。
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引用次数: 0
Soil organic carbon fractions comparison after 40-year long-term fertilisation in a wheat-corn rotation field 小麦-玉米轮作农田长期施肥40年后土壤有机碳含量的比较
IF 2.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.17221/144/2021-swr
Xiaolu Sun, Jingtao Liu, Shu-tang Liu, Wenlong Gao
Several experimental methods have been developed to fractionate soil organic carbon (SOC) into functional sub-pools. However, which fractions had the potential to better reflect the SOC dynamics responding to fertilisation are still under discussion. Thus, we compared different SOC fractions (microbial biomass carbon, MBC; dissolved organic carbon, DOC; permanganate-oxidisable carbon, POXC; particle organic carbon, POC, and aggregation organic carbon fractions) and the soil respiration rate in a wheat-corn rotation field after 40 years of manure and N fertilisation in North China to search for the most sensitive SOC fractions to fertilisation. Manure increased the organic carbon (OC) contents of all the soil fractions (26.5 to 362.8%) and the POC (18.0 to 43.7%) and macro-aggregation percentages (3.0 to 4.4%), which indicated an increasing physical-protected aggregated OC fraction. N fertilisation alone slightly increased the OC contents of all the soil fractions and DOC percentage, but decreased the macro-aggregation OC percentage, which suggests the increasing possibility that the SOC is exposed to microbial communities causing a decreasing aggregation formation. However, when a high level of both the manure and N fertiliser were applied, the excessive N in the soil stimulates the soil microbial activity and decreases the SOC content comparing it to the same level of the manure fertiliser addition.
为了将土壤有机碳(SOC)分馏成不同的功能子库,研究了几种不同的实验方法。然而,哪些组分有可能更好地反映土壤有机碳动态对施肥的响应仍在讨论中。因此,我们比较了不同的有机碳组分(微生物生物量碳,MBC;溶解有机碳DOC;高锰酸可氧化碳;土壤有机碳、POC和团聚体有机碳组分)和土壤呼吸速率,以寻找对施肥最敏感的有机碳组分。有机肥增加了土壤各组分有机碳(OC)含量(26.5 ~ 362.8%)、POC含量(18.0 ~ 43.7%)和宏观团聚体百分比(3.0 ~ 4.4%),表明物理保护的团聚体OC含量增加。单施氮肥对土壤各组分的有机碳含量和DOC百分比有轻微的提高,但对宏观团聚OC百分比有一定的降低,表明有机碳暴露于微生物群落导致团聚体形成减少的可能性增大。然而,当高水平施用有机肥和氮肥时,土壤中过量的氮刺激了土壤微生物活动,与相同水平的有机肥相比,土壤有机碳含量降低。
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引用次数: 0
The coupling of hillslope- and gully-erosion increases their controlling efforts: A case study in Liaoning Province, China 坡沟侵蚀耦合效应加大了对坡沟侵蚀的控制力度——以辽宁省为例
IF 2.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.17221/106/2021-swr
Xiangguo Fan, H. Fan, Shuangfa Dong
The widespread hillslope- and gully-erosion in Liaoning Province of Northeast China, pose serious challenges to the local agricultural production. Hillslope- and gully-erosion have typically been studied separately; however, there has been little investigation on the relationship of these two types of erosion. In this study, the coupling relationship of the hillslope- and gully-erosion from the perspectives of erosion intensity and land use, as well as the slope gradient, aspect, and shape, was analysed. The study employed remote sensing and geographic information system techniques, and the universal soil loss equation and kriging were used to perform a macroscopic analysis. The results showed that gully-erosion was more severe compared with hillslope-erosion in the study area. The cultivated land has the highest level of human activities, therefore, the most intense hillslope- and gully-erosion. The threshold slope gradients for the hillslope- and gully-erosion are 14° and 6°, respectively. Above the threshold of 6°, the slope gradient is no longer the primary factor affecting the gully-erosion. Sunny slopes have observably more hillslope-erosion than shady slopes, and the highest hillslope-erosion is observed on the south-southeast-facing slopes. The effect of the slope aspect on the gully-erosion should not be ignored, as evidenced by the considerable gully density of the east-northeast-facing slopes which is obviously higher than for slopes with other slope aspects. The highest hillslope-erosion amount and gully density occur on concave slopes, followed by convex and straight slopes, and straight slopes have little effect on the hillslope-erosion, but have a marked impact on the gully-erosion. The results of this work may serve as  a  scientific reference for the comprehensive control of soil erosion across a slope-gully system in Northeast China.
辽宁省广泛存在的坡沟侵蚀给当地农业生产带来了严重的挑战。斜坡侵蚀和沟壑侵蚀通常是分开研究的;然而,对这两种侵蚀类型之间的关系研究甚少。本文从侵蚀强度、土地利用、坡度、坡向、坡形等角度分析了坡沟侵蚀的耦合关系。本研究采用遥感和地理信息系统技术,采用通用土壤流失方程和克里格方程进行宏观分析。结果表明:研究区沟蚀比坡蚀严重;耕地是人类活动程度最高的地区,因此,坡地和沟沟侵蚀最为剧烈。坡面侵蚀和沟面侵蚀的阈值坡度分别为14°和6°。超过6°阈值后,坡度不再是影响沟蚀的主要因素。阳坡的坡面侵蚀明显大于阴坡,且东南向南坡面坡面侵蚀最大。坡向对沟蚀的影响不容忽视,东东向坡面沟密度明显高于其他坡向坡面。凹坡侵蚀量和沟壑密度最高,凸坡次之,直坡次之,直坡对坡面侵蚀影响不大,但对沟壑侵蚀影响显著。研究结果可为东北地区坡沟系统土壤侵蚀综合治理提供科学参考。
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引用次数: 1
Thermal properties of Cambisols in mountain regions under different vegetation covers 不同植被覆盖下山区寒地的热特性
IF 2.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.17221/94/2021-swr
K. Doneva, M. Kercheva, E. Dimitrov, E. Velizarova, M. Glushkova
Soil thermal properties regulate the thermal and water balance and influence the soil temperature distribution. The aim of the current study is  to  present data on the changes in the thermal properties of Cambisols at different ratios between the water content and the air in the pore space under different vegetation covers in mountain regions. The undisturbed soil samples were taken from the surface soil layers under grassland, deciduous and coniferous forests in three experimental stations of the Forest Research Institute – Gabra in Lozen Mountain, Govedartsi in Rila Mountain and Igralishte in Maleshevska Mountain. The soil thermal conductivity (λ), the thermal diffusivity (α) and the volumetric heat capacity (Cv) were measured with the SH-1 sensor of  a  KD2Pro device at different matric potentials in laboratory conditions. The thermal conductivity of the investigated soils was also measured with the TR-1 sensor of  a  KD2Pro device at the transitory soil moisture in field conditions. An increase in the thermal properties with the soil water content was best pronounced for λ and depended inversely on the total porosity. As the total porosity increased with the soil organic carbon content and decreased with the skeleton content, the lowest value of λ was established in the surface horizons of Dystric Cambisols (Humic) in the experimental station in Govedartsi. The soil thermal conductivity increased with the depth under the deciduous forest (Gabra and Igralishte) due to the lower soil organic carbon content (SOC) and the total porosity. There were no such changes in the subsurface horizon under the grassed associations. The increase in the heat capacity with the water content depended on the SOC to less extent. In the horizons with a SOC of less than 1.5%, the changes in the thermal diffusivity over the whole range of wetness were 1.7 times higher than those with a higher SOC.
土壤的热特性调节着土壤的热平衡和水分平衡,影响着土壤的温度分布。本研究的目的是提供关于山区不同植被覆盖下孔隙空间中水分和空气的不同比例下,表土热特性变化的数据。未扰动土壤样本取自森林研究所的三个实验站——洛岑山的Gabra、日拉山的Govedartsi和马列舍夫斯卡山的Igralishte——草地、落叶林和针叶林下的表层土壤。用KD2Pro装置的SH-1传感器在实验室条件下测量了不同基质电位下的土壤热导率(λ)、热扩散率(α)和体积热容(Cv)。还使用KD2Pro装置的TR-1传感器在田间条件下的瞬态土壤湿度下测量了所研究土壤的热导率。随着土壤含水量的增加,λ的热特性增加最为明显,并与总孔隙度呈反比。总孔隙度随着土壤有机碳含量的增加而增加,随着骨架含量的减少而减少,在Govedartsi的实验站中,在不均匀Cambisols(Humic)的表层中建立了最低的λ值。由于土壤有机碳含量(SOC)和总孔隙度较低,土壤热导率随落叶林下深度的增加而增加(Gabra和Igralishte)。在草地联想之下的地下层位没有这种变化。热容随含水量的增加对SOC的依赖程度较小。在SOC小于1.5%的层位中,整个湿度范围内的热扩散率变化是SOC较高层位的1.7倍。
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引用次数: 1
Comparison of chromium mobility at naturally enriched and anthropogenically polluted sites: A column leaching experiment 自然富集和人为污染场地铬迁移率的比较:柱浸实验
IF 2.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.17221/129/2021-swr
Julie Dajcl, V. Tejnecký, K. Němeček, L. Borůvka, P. Drahota, O. Drábek
This study aims to compare the chromium (Cr) mobility in two soils with different Cr sources. The first one is an anthropogenically contaminated soil from an area of a piston ring production factory, and the second one is a serpentine soil with a naturally increased Cr level from the National Nature Reserve Mohelno serpentine steppe in the Czech Republic. To assess the influence of naturally occurring environmental factors on the Cr mobility, two sets of column leaching experiments were constructed, namely an acidified water treatment (AW) and a simulated root exudate treatment (SRE). It was found that the anthropogenically contaminated soil leached out many times more Cr for both (the AW and SRE) treatments in comparison with the serpentine soil. Generally, all the samples showed enhanced leaching from the bottom layer, respectively the horizon, for both treatments. Only the anthropogenic soil showed some differences in the bottom layer, which was more susceptible to the AW treatment than to the SRE one. These findings show the high dependence of the leachability of Cr on the Cr content origin. It has been proven that naturally enriched sites where elevated levels of Cr originate from the bedrock are more resistant to Cr leaching than anthropogenically contaminated soils. Feasible causes of these differences are discussed in this study.
本研究旨在比较两种不同Cr源土壤中铬的迁移率。第一个是来自活塞环生产厂区域的人为污染土壤,第二个是来自捷克共和国国家自然保护区Mohelno蛇形草原的自然增加的Cr含量的蛇形土壤。为了评估自然环境因素对Cr迁移率的影响,构建了酸化水处理(AW)和模拟根分泌物处理(SRE)两组柱淋试验。研究发现,与蛇纹石土壤相比,人工污染土壤(AW和SRE)的Cr浸出量都高出许多倍。总的来说,在两种处理下,所有样品都表现出从底层(分别是地平线)浸出的增强。只有人为土壤在底层表现出一定的差异,其对AW处理的敏感性高于SRE处理。这些结果表明,Cr的可浸出性与Cr含量来源高度相关。已经证明,与人为污染的土壤相比,来自基岩的铬含量升高的自然富集地点对铬浸出的抵抗力更强。本研究探讨了造成这些差异的可能原因。
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引用次数: 0
Causes clarification of the soil aggregates stability on mulched soil 覆盖土团聚体稳定性的原因分析
IF 2.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.17221/151/2021-swr
S. Thai, T. Davidek, L. Pavlů
Soil aggregates have great effects on soil properties and soil functions. Mulching (organic inputs) has been known as a factor influencing soil aggregate stability. Our study aimed to reveal the causes of the higher stability of soil aggregates under organic mulches. The primary soil characteristics such as organic carbon (Cox), humus quality (E4/E6), potential wettability index (PWI), and aromaticity index (iAR) were determined. The Cox was measured using rapid dichromate oxidation, and E4/E6 was measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The PWI and iAR were determined according to the intensity of selected bands in diffuse reflectance infrared spectra. Results showed that mulched plots contained higher Cox content in aggregates in comparison with whole soil. This indicates that the carbon was stabilized within the aggregates and sequestrated into the soil. The iAR was significantly higher after using the organic mulches, the aliphatic components of the organic matter thus contribute more to the aggregates stabilization. The PWI of aggregates was found to  be  higher after applying these mulches than in soil. Organic mulches are therefore able to reduce the wettability of the aggregates and also to protect the aggregate from dispersion with water.
土壤团聚体对土壤性质和土壤功能有重要影响。覆盖(有机投入)已被认为是影响土壤团聚体稳定性的一个因素。本研究旨在揭示有机覆盖下土壤团聚体稳定性较高的原因。测定了有机碳(Cox)、腐殖质(E4/E6)、潜在润湿性指数(PWI)和芳香性指数(iAR)等土壤主要特征。Cox采用快速重铬酸盐氧化法测定,E4/E6采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定。根据漫反射红外光谱中选定波段的强度来确定PWI和iAR。结果表明,覆盖地块土壤团聚体中考克斯含量高于全土。这表明碳在团聚体中被稳定下来并被固存到土壤中。覆膜后的iAR显著提高,有机质中的脂肪族组分对团聚体的稳定作用更大。覆盖土壤后,团聚体的PWI显著高于土壤。因此,有机地膜能够降低团聚体的润湿性,也可以保护团聚体不受水的分散。
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引用次数: 2
Predictors for digital mapping of forest soil organic carbon stocks in different types of landscape 不同景观类型森林土壤有机碳储量数字制图的预测因子
IF 2.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.17221/4/2022-swr
L. Borůvka, R. Vašát, V. Šrámek, Kateřina Neudertová Hellebrandová, V. Fadrhonsová, M. Sánka, L. Pavlů, Ondřej Sáňka, O. Vacek, K. Němeček, Shahin Nozari, Vincent Yaw Oppong Sarkodie
Forest soils have a high potential to store carbon and thus mitigate climate change. The information on spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is thus very important. This study aims to analyse the importance of environmental predictors for forest SOC stock prediction at the regional and national scale in the Czech Republic. A big database of forest soil data for more than 7 000 sites was compiled from several surveys. SOC stocks were calculated from SOC content and bulk density for the topsoil mineral layer 0–30 cm. Spatial prediction models were developed separately for individual natural forest areas and for four subsets with different altitude range, using random forest method. The importance of environmental predictors in the models strongly differs between regions and altitudes. At lower altitudes, forest edaphic series and soil classes are strong predictors, while at higher altitudes the predictors related to topography become more important. The importance of soil classes depends on the pedodiversity level and on the difference in SOC stock between the classes. The contribution of forest types as predictors is limited when one (mostly coniferous) type dominates. Better prediction results can be obtained in smaller, but consistent regions, like some natural forest areas.
森林土壤具有储存碳从而减缓气候变化的巨大潜力。因此,研究土壤有机碳储量的空间分布具有重要意义。本研究旨在分析捷克共和国区域和国家尺度上环境预测因子对森林有机碳储量预测的重要性。从几次调查中汇编了一个关于7000多个地点的森林土壤数据的大数据库。根据表层土壤矿物层0 ~ 30 cm的有机碳含量和容重计算土壤有机碳储量。采用随机森林方法,分别建立了单个天然林区域和不同海拔范围的4个子集的空间预测模型。环境预测因子在模式中的重要性在不同地区和海拔高度之间存在很大差异。在低海拔地区,森林土壤系列和土壤类型是较强的预测因子,而在高海拔地区,与地形相关的预测因子变得更加重要。土壤类别的重要性取决于土壤多样性水平和类别间有机碳储量的差异。当一种(主要是针叶林)类型占主导地位时,森林类型作为预测因子的贡献是有限的。在较小但一致的区域,如一些天然林区域,可以获得更好的预测结果。
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引用次数: 2
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Soil and Water Research
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