Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia Veterinaria最新文献

This study reports the first record of candiru, Vandellia sp. parasitizing the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon scobina in the Amazon basin, Brazil. In April 2018, a specimen of Potamotrygon scobina was collected by bottom long-term using fish as bait during the monitoring program in the Xingu River. During a routine inspection, a Vandellia sp. was observed in the branchial slit of the Potamotrygon scobina specimen. The trichomycterid was collected and preserved in 10% formaldehyde followed by preservation in 70% ethanol. This study is the first to record this parasite associated on a stingray in Brazil.

Despite several records of Dioctophyme renale in domestic hosts (mainly dogs) and wild animals in Brazil, there are few studies related to the biology of the parasite and epidemiology of the parasitosis in the country. This also applies to the interactions and scratches in different locales. The aim of this study was to describe D. renale occurrence in 12 animals at an interface of the domestic-wild cycle and to detail two specific cases of these, one domestic and one wild canine (Chrysocyon brachyurus) from the same microregion of the Brazilian Cerrado. The difficulty in diagnosing dioctophimosis is related to nonspecific clinical signs. Over the last five years, 12 cases of D. renale have been reported in domestic and wild canids, two of which are described in full in this study. The expansion of livestock farming and urbanization of biomes, fragmentation of floral areas, and destruction of natural areas have increased the proximity between domestic and wild animals, and consequently, the occurrence of infectious and parasitic diseases. Its probability of occurrence in humans represents a public health risk.

Non-human primates are potential hosts for helminths of various phyla, and the presence of these parasites can cause changes in organ morphology and functionality. In this study, we present the alterations induced by the presence of acanthocephalan parasites in the small intestine of a snub-nosed monkey that died in the Bosque Rodrigues Alves, municipality of Belém, Pará state, Brazil. Ten specimens of Saimiri sciureus had their intestines analyzed and the parasites recovered were cleaned, quantified, fixed and observed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and fragments of the intestine were separated for histological analysis to identify the alterations. All the animals were parasitized, and a total of 50 specimens representing the Acanthocephala Phylum were recovered, which morphologically showed characteristics compatible with Prosthenorchis elegans (Diesing, 1851). Light microscopy revealed the presence of parasites attached to the mucosal layer, passing through the underlying layers until they reached the muscular layer. Scanning electron microscopy showed the tissue lesions caused by the proboscis hooks and the flattening of the intestinal villi in the presence of the parasite. The presence of the parasites in the intestine changed the morphology of the organ, possibly causing loss of functionality at the site of attachment and adjacent tissue.

Rhipicephalus microplus is an ectoparasite responsible for causing economic losses in livestock farming totalling approximately $3.24 billion dollars per year. The main control method involves the use of chemical acaricides. However, the incorrect and intensive use of these chemicals has led to an increasing number of reports of resistance to acaricides. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a laser prototype with a voltage of 5 V and power of 1000 mW to reduce the development of R. microplus. The methodology evaluated did not result in a high mortality rate; therefore, it was necessary to carry out a larval migration test. To carry out the test, 3 treatments were evaluated in triplicate (negative controls H20, 60% ethanol and positive control), with 20 larvae were evaluated for each replicate of the treatments, which resulted in an increase in the percentage of migration from 2.5% and 3.2% to above 94.9% and 93.5% in the negative controls, while in the positive control group there was no showed a significant change in migration, reaching close to 100%. This study demonstrated that physical control caused damage to ectoparasite locomotor structures and could affect the parasite's life cycle.

Carvacrol is isolated from essential oils and possesses activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants. Benzoylation has been proposed to improve its pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ovicidal activity of benzoyl-carvacrol (BC) against Haemonchus contortus, the in silico interaction of BC with the β-tubulin protein and the toxicity of this compound. Carvacrol was subjected to benzoylation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The activity of BC and carvacrol was evaluated against H. contortus in the egg hatching test. The in silico study was based on molecular docking with the β-tubulin and thiabendazole used as control. The acute toxicity test was performed with BC and carvacrol by up-and-down procedure (limit test: 2,000 mg/kg) in Wistar rats. GC/MS confirmed the benzoylation. BC and carvacrol inhibited egg hatching by 99.70 and 98.89% at concentrations of 3.16 and 1 mg/mL, respectively, and interacted with β-tubulin. No mortality was caused by compounds, but rats treated with carvacrol demonstrated intoxication signs. These findings indicated that BC showed effect on H. contortus and can potentially interact with β-tubulin of nematodes in addition to presenting toxicological safety in laboratory animals.

Didelphis marsupialis is a marsupial species that effectively adapts to synanthropic processes developing in cities. This marsupial lives closely with domestic animals and humans, which has favored the active exchange of parasites, thus increasing polyparasitism. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of helminths and protozoans infecting D. marsupialis in the Corregimiento of Santa Elena, Medellín. Twenty-three individuals were captured and classified as male, female, adult, or juvenile. The fecal samples were analyzed using various coprodiagnostic techniques. The eggs and oocysts were identified by microscopic evaluation of their morphology and morphometry. Twelve parasite species were identified: nine nematodes, one acanthocephalan, and two protozoans. In addition, an Adeleid coccidia considered pseudoparasite was found. The most prevalent parasite species (>50%) were Eimeria sp, Cruzia sp., Aspidodera sp., and Gnathostoma turgidum, and nematode larvae. No significant differences were observed between parasite prevalence and host sex or age. Parasites of public health interest, such as Trichuris spp., Capillariidae nematodes, Strongyloides spp., and Giardia spp., were also identified. This study confirmed that the urban habitat of the opossum has a high frequency and diversity of endoparasites, some of which have been reported for the first time in Colombia.

Aplectana comprises species of gastrointestinal helminths commonly found parasitizing amphibians and reptiles worldwide. However, most species of the genus are described based only on morphological traits. During helminthological surveys, we found nematodes identified as Aplectana pella parasitizing the hylid frog Osteocephalus cabrerai from the same locality as the original description. We provided the first nucleotide sequence of ribosomal gene 18S rDNA for Aplectana pella and established the species' phylogenetic position between representatives of Cosmocercidae. A pairwise genetic comparison between A. pella and its congeners revealed a low genetic divergence. We found that our sequences clustered with species of Cosmocerca, reinforcing the hypothesis that representatives of the genus Aplectana do not form a monophyletic group.

Species of the chewing louse genus Neopsittaconirmus Conci, 1942 are host-specific parasites on Old World and Australasian parrots (Psittaciformes), infesting both wild and captive birds. Despite veterinarian practices that attempt to eliminate parasites from captive hosts, two species, Neopsittaconirmus gracilis Guimarães, 1974 and Neopsittaconirmus vendulae Sychra, 2006, frequently infest captive birds, not only their regular natural hosts, but also other species that are not naturally parasitized. Here we report and discuss additional records of these two species of lice from captive parrots in Brazil, Australia, England, Réunion and the United States of America.

[This corrects the article doi: 10.1590/S1984-29612024001].

Opossums are synanthropic animals that participate in the zoonotic transmission cycles. Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects many domestic and wild animals and humans worldwide. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of T. cruzi in free-ranging opossums in Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Fifty opossums (Didelphis albiventris) (33 captured and 17 road-killed) were evaluated using Nested-PCR assay. All tissue samples were negative (0/17). Eight of the 33 (24.24%; 95% CI:11.94-40,89%) blood samples were positive for T. cruzi. No significant associations were found between the sex (male/ female, p = 0.423), the trap area (rural/urban, p = 0.163), and positivity for T. cruzi in opossum blood samples. All samples showed 100% identity with T. cruzi (KF788250) isolated from Panstrongylus megistus in São Paulo, Brazil. The phylogenetic analysis model allocated all sequences obtained from D. albiventris to the large TcI clade of T. cruzi. This study provides the first record of T. cruzi in white-eared opossums in Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil.