Primary Care Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Self-reported smoking, urine cotinine, and risk of type 2 diabetes: Findings from the PREVEND prospective cohort study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Smoking is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the evidence has mostly relied on self-reports. We aimed to compare the associations of smoking exposure as assessed by self-reports and urine cotinine with T2D.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using the PREVEND prospective study, smoking status was assessed at baseline by self-reports and urine cotinine in 4708 participants (mean age, 53 years) without a history of diabetes. Participants were classified as never, former, light current and heavy current smokers according to self-reports and analogous cut-offs for urine cotinine. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated for T2D.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 259 participants developed T2D. Compared with self-reported never smokers, the multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CI) of T2D for former, light current, and heavy current smokers were 1.02 (0.75–1.4), 1.41 (0.89–2.22), and 1.30 (0.88–1.93), respectively. The corresponding adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 0.84 (0.43–1.67), 1.61 (1.12–2.31), and 1.58 (1.08–2.32), respectively, as assessed by urine cotinine. Urine cotinine-assessed but not self-reported smoking status improved T2D risk prediction beyond established risk factors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Urine cotinine assessed smoking status may be a stronger risk indicator and predictor of T2D compared to self-reported smoking status.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751991824000767/pdfft?md5=2f27f9e4d3fd789a4094ea3e3aa5fb1d&pid=1-s2.0-S1751991824000767-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board and Aims & Scopes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1751-9918(24)00131-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1751-9918(24)00131-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751991824001311/pdfft?md5=ef1a977017f6d0df6afe76f3b63c0b01&pid=1-s2.0-S1751991824001311-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141961490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes type 2 prevalence is rising among young residents in Malmö, Sweden","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Type 2 diabetes is becoming more prevalent in many parts of the world. Malmö’s population has increased in recent years mainly because of migration from other parts of Sweden and the world in addition to increased birth rates. We aimed to explore diabetes prevalence in Malmö in 2011–2018 as well as the achieved treatment targets for selected diabetes-related outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The current study is a part of the Cities Changing Diabetes Malmö project. Prevalence data were retrieved from the region’s primary care and hospital diagnosis register, and data on treatment targets were collected from the National Diabetes Register. The inclusion criteria were either being a resident of Malmö or using a primary healthcare centre located in Malmö.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in 2018 doubled from 2011 in the entire Malmö population. During the same period, the prevalence of type 1 diabetes remained stable at 0.49 %. In 2011, the type 2 diabetes prevalence was 2.46 % (2.76 % for males and 2.28 % for females), and in 2018, it was 4.26 % (4.84 % for males and 3.82 % for females). The increase was 139 % for residents aged 0–29 years, 119.6 % for residents aged 30–39 years, 96.2 % for residents aged 40–49 years, 102 % for residents aged 50–59 years, 98.2 % for residents aged 60–69 years, and 115.5 % for those aged 70–79 years. Finally, the increase was 60.9 % for those aged 80–84 years and 90.7 % for residents 90 years of age and older. The National Diabetes Register reported that during 2019, 58 % of all patients with diabetes using primary care in Malmö reached HbA_1c &lt;52 mmol/mol, 20 % had albuminuria, 36 % had retinopathy, and 21 % had not had their feet inspected by a healthcare professional during the last year. The median HbA_1c was 52.6 mmol/mol, and 17 % were registered as active smokers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Diabetes prevalence in Malmö has increased markedly in recent years, exacerbated by a rise in type 2 diabetes mainly in the younger population. Targets regarding p-glucose lowering treatments were not met by 42 %. One patient out of three had microvascular complications in the eye, one out of five had impaired kidney function, one out of five had not had their feet inspected, and one out of five was an active smoker. Active diabetes treatments need to be improved to reduce the number of younger patients developing microvascular complications. Preventive activities need to target younger populations to counteract even more residents developing type 2 diabetes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751991824001190/pdfft?md5=142763705f0379d9e48a1b486e518e3f&pid=1-s2.0-S1751991824001190-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a multicomponent healthcare intervention on blood pressure and lipids among subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: Findings from the INTEGRA study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>We aimed to evaluate the impact of a multicomponent healthcare intervention, primarily designed to improve glycemic control<span>, on blood pressure and lipids in individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus<span> (T2DM) in the Catalonian primary care setting</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cluster, non-randomized, controlled pragmatic trial was conducted across 11 primary care centers. The intervention group (N=225) received a comprehensive, patient-centered approach, including a dedicated monographic consultation to address therapeutic inertia. The control group (N=181) mirrored the intervention group but lacked the monographic consultation. Secondary endpoints included lipid and blood pressure control assessed at baseline and after a 12-month follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>245 participants completed the study over 12 months. We found no differences in the reduction of lipid laboratory parameters between the groups at the final visit. However, no significant differences were found between the groups for other lipids or the proportion of participants achieving lipid target values. Likewise, no differences were noted between the groups for blood pressure, its target control, and treatment at the final visit. Various clinical factors such as age, sex, diabetes duration, HbA1c levels, </span>BMI, and macrovascular complications among the participants were associated with achieving lipid and blood pressure targets at the final visit.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The pragmatic multicomponent intervention proposed in the INTEGRA study, showed that including a component designed to reduce clinical inertia in the management of glycemia did not demonstrate benefits in improving lipids and blood pressure in patients with poorly controlled T2DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141089532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of wearable devices on physical activity levels among individuals living with diabetes: 2017 BRFSS","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This study aims to examine the association between wearing wearable devices and physical activity levels among people living with diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>1298 wearable device users and nonusers living with diabetes from eight states of the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System were included in the analysis. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression was performed to determine the association between self-reported physical activity per week (min) and wearable device usage (users and nonusers) among people living with diabetes using survey analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>84.97 % (95 % CI [80.39, 88.89]) of participants were nonusers of wearable devices, while 15.03 % (95 % CI [11.11, 19.61]) were users. Across the sample, the average weekly physical activity was 427.39 mins (95 % Cl [356.43, 498.35]). Nonusers had a higher physical activity per week with 433.83 mins (95 % CI [353.59, 514.07]), while users only had 392.59 mins (95 % CI [253.48, 531.69]) of physical activity per week. However, the differences between the two groups were non-statistically significant <em>(p=.</em>61). In both adjusted and unadjusted linear regressions between physical activity per week and wearable device usage, statistically significant associations were not found (unadjusted: β=-41.24, <em>p=</em>.62; adjusted: β=-56.41, <em>p</em>=.59).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of wearable devices in promoting physical activity among people with diabetes. Additionally, there is a need to determine how people with diabetes use wearable devices that could promote physical activity levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term risk of overweight in offspring of Chinese women with gestational diabetes defined by IADPSG's but not by WHO's criteria","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To examine long-term risk of overweight in offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) defined by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG)'s criteria but not by the 1999 World Health Organization (WHO)'s criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>We followed up 1681 mother-child pairs for 8 years in Tianjin, China. Overweight in children aged 1–5 and 6–8 were respectively defined as body mass index-for-age and -sex above the 2 z-score and 1 z-score curves of the WHO’s child growth standards. Logistic regression<span> was performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hyperglycemia indices at </span></span>oral glucose tolerance test and GDMs defined by different criteria for offspring overweight at different ages.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Offspring of women with fasting plasma glucose ≥5.1 mmol/L were at increased risk of overweight at 6–8 years old (OR:1.45, 95% CI: 1.09–1.93). GDM defined by the IADPSG’s criteria only was associated with increased risk of childhood overweight at 6–8 years old (1.65, 1.13–2.40), as compared with non-GDM by either of the two sets of criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Newly defined GDM by the IADPSG’s criteria increased the risk of offspring overweight aged 6–8 years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between sociodemographic characteristics, clinical indicators and body mass index in a population at risk of type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study in two Colombian cities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To assess the association between sociodemographic and clinical factors with body mass index (BMI) in a population at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Bogotá and Barranquilla, Colombia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study used data from the PREDICOL Study. Participants with a FINDRISC ≥ 12 who underwent an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) were included in the study (n=1166). The final analytical sample size was 1101 participants. Those with missing data were excluded from the analysis (n=65). The main outcome was body mass index (BMI), which was categorized as normal, overweight, and obese. We utilized unadjusted and adjusted ordinal logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 41 % (n=449) and 47 % (n=517), respectively. Participants with a 2-hour glucose ≥139 mg/dl had 1.71 times higher odds of being overweight or obese (regarding normal weight) than participants with normal 2-hour glucose values. In addition, being a woman, waist circumference altered, and blood pressure &gt;120/80 mmHg were statistically significantly associated with a higher BMI.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Strategies to control glycemia, blood pressure, and central adiposity are needed in people at risk of T2D. Future studies should be considered with a territorial and gender focus, considering behavioral, and sociocultural patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751991824001141/pdfft?md5=00ae4431e1436ba7bf1359e9a2b75998&pid=1-s2.0-S1751991824001141-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and prescribing behaviour of Flemish general practitioners regarding novel glucose-lowering medications: Online cross-sectional survey","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To determine the knowledge and prescribing behaviour regarding new type 2 diabetes medication in general practice. Physicians in Belgium are bound by the prescription criteria which do not always correspond to the international guidelines.</p></div><div><h3>Design &amp; method</h3><p>A mixed methods study with an online questionnaire was conducted in Flanders to collect data on demographic characteristics, theoretical knowledge, and prescribing behaviour, using ten theoretical questions and six clinical cases, based on the American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (ADA/EASD) guidelines and the Belgian reimbursement criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>201 GPs and GPs in training were included in this study with a median age of 30 years and 68 % female participants. On the knowledge questionnaire, the mean test result was 7.15/15 (= 48 %) with a median of 8. Further analysis showed that 90 % of the respondents correctly recommended a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (sglt2) inhibitor when the clinical case showed a comorbidity of heart failure, whereas only 42 % suggested correctly a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist if presence of cardiovascular disease. Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant demographic differences in obtained test results. Regarding prescription behaviour, 23 % of the respondents would prescribe medication that did not match the reimbursement criteria in at least one of the 6 proposed clinical cases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study highlights the need for enhanced knowledge and updated prescribing practices among Flemish GPs and Trainee GPs to effectively manage patients with T2DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of using telecare services for community-dwelling people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the glycated hemoglobin<span> (HbA1c), blood pressure, self-efficacy, and quality of life efficacy of using telecare services for community-dwelling people with diabetes.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cochrane Library<span>, Web of Science, PsycINFO<span>, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL<span>, and Scopus databases were systematically searched from their inception dates to June 22, 2023. Two evaluators independently selected and evaluated eligible studies. A protocol was registered in PROSPERO.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>An analysis of 17 studies that included 3586 subjects showed that telecare significantly improved the management of patients with diabetes. Compared to controls, intervention care had significant benefits regarding HbA1c (MD = −0.30, 95 % CI = −0.44 – −0.17, 16 studies), </span>systolic blood pressure (MD = −2.45, 95 % CI = −4.53 – −0.36, </span><em>P</em> = 0.02), self-efficacy (MD = 0.36, 95 % CI = 0.04 – 0.67, <em>P</em> = 0.03) and quality of life (MD = 0.37, 95 % CI = 0.05 – 0.70, <em>P</em><span> = 0.02). However, diastolic blood pressure (MD = −1.37, 95 % CI = −3.34 – −0.61, </span><em>P</em> = 0.17) was not found to be significantly affected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Telecare is effective in improving self-management among community-dwelling people with diabetes, suggesting an effective means for them to achieve self-management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141444065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of multidisciplinary collaborative care on cardiovascular risk factors among patients with diabetes in primary care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Multidisciplinary collaborative care has been widely recommended as an effective strategy for managing diabetes; however, the cardiovascular risk factors of patients with diabetes are often inadequately managed in primary care settings. This study aimed to assess the effect of multidisciplinary collaboration on cardiovascular risk factors among patients with diabetes in primary care settings.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Five databases (i.e., Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SCOPUS and CENTRAL) were systematically searched to retrieve randomised controlled trials. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the interventions included a multidisciplinary team with professionals from at least three health disciplines and focused on patients with diabetes in primary care settings. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 19 studies comprising 6538 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that compared with usual care, multidisciplinary collaborative care significantly reduced cardiovascular risk factors, including mean systolic blood pressure (–3.27 mm Hg, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: –4.72 to –1.82, p &lt; 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (–1.4 mm Hg, 95 % CI: –2.32 to –0.47, p &lt; 0.01), glycated haemoglobin (–0.42 %, 95 % CI: –0.59 to –0.25, p &lt; 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (–0.16 mmol/L, 95 % CI: –0.26 to –0.06, p &lt; 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein (0.06 mmol/L, 95 % CI: 0.00–0.12, p &lt; 0.05). The subgroup analysis showed multidisciplinary collaboration was more effective in reducing cardiovascular risk factors when it comprised team members from a number of different disciplines, combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological components, included both face-to-face and remote interactions and was implemented in high-income countries.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Multidisciplinary collaborative care is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk factors among patients with diabetes in primary care. Further studies need to be conducted to determine the optimal team composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751991824001116/pdfft?md5=8d27731057e2f1603c3323c4a2cc31d6&pid=1-s2.0-S1751991824001116-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}