Primary Care Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Critical appraisal of “impact of a primary care-based mobile health intervention to ‘sit less and move more’ on HbA1c, blood pressure, and other clinical outcomes in office employees with type 2 diabetes”","authors":"Himanshu Shekhar, Parth Aphale, Shashank Dokania","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":"20 1","pages":"Page 143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of synchronized diabetes monitoring system in patients with type 2 diabetes: Preliminary results of a pilot, randomized clinical trial","authors":"Mustafa Kahraman ,&nbsp;Ummu Mutlu ,&nbsp;Hasan Ediz Ozbek ,&nbsp;Elif Beyza Boz ,&nbsp;Ramazan Cakmak ,&nbsp;Serkan Kurt ,&nbsp;Hatice Vildan Dudukcu ,&nbsp;Huseyin Yildiz ,&nbsp;Mehmet Ali Erturk ,&nbsp;Gokhan Ozogur ,&nbsp;Hatice Nizam Ozogur ,&nbsp;Muhammed Ali Aydin ,&nbsp;Nizamettin Aydin ,&nbsp;Sukru Ozturk ,&nbsp;Kubilay Karsidag ,&nbsp;Ilhan Satman ,&nbsp;Mehmet Akif Karan","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability and efficacy of the Synchronized Diabetes Monitoring System (SDMs), which consists of a smart cap attached to insulin pens with recording, alarm, alert, and reminder functions, and software that operates via Bluetooth, in patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The system consists of a smart mobile apparatus mounted on an insulin pen and automatically recording the dose and time of the administered insulin, an application developed for mobile phones that can read blood glucose results from the glucometer, and a website.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The system has been tested in a 6-month pilot cohort of SDMs group (n = 23, 44 % female, age: 50.1 ± 13 years, duration: 12.2 ± 9.2 years) in a transparent, controlled, and single-center pilot trial, showing promising results. The results were compared to the control group (n = 23, age: 54 ± 9.3 years, 52 % female, duration: 13.8 ± 7.4 years). In the third month, we found that they had better glycemic control, as indicated by a decrease in fasting blood glucose (from 147 to 114 mg/dL, p = 0.024) and HbA1c levels (from 8.5 % to 7.2 %, p = 0.003). Additionally, improvements were achieved in physical function, role limitation, and physical and mental health domains of SF-36 survey in patients using the system.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The preliminary results from this pilot study suggest that the synchronized diabetes monitoring system have the potential to improve glycemic control and increase health satisfaction in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":"20 1","pages":"Pages 36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-reported experience, patient-reported outcome and overall satisfaction with care: What matters most to people with diabetes?","authors":"Nizar Alsubahi ,&nbsp;Wim Groot ,&nbsp;Ahmed Ali Alzahrani ,&nbsp;Milena Pavlova","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Diabetes management has become a critical healthcare challenge globally, emphasizing the need for patient-centered care to improve the quality of services and enhance treatment outcomes. Patient experiences, perceived outcomes, and satisfaction are crucial to optimizing healthcare delivery, but each reflects different aspects of care. Understanding how these measures relate to each other is key to improving healthcare evaluation and avoiding dependence on a single metric. This study examines how patient-centered care (PCC) is associated with patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), as well as overall patient satisfaction (PS) among people with diabetes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study uses cross-sectional quantitative data from a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire in 47 primary healthcare centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and is reported in accordance with the CROSS (Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies) guidelines. A total of 594 people with diabetes were recruited using random sampling from these centers. PCC was measured using the PCC-36 instrument. PREMs and PROMs were assessed using items adapted from the Swedish National Diabetes Register, while PS was measured using a validated single-item scale. Each was evaluated as a continuous measure, where higher scores indicate more positive experiences, outcomes, or satisfaction. A regression analysis was conducted to investigate the interrelationships between PREMs, PROMs, and PS and control for the effect of relevant sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. The data analysis was carried out using STATA 18.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Result&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The results of the study indicated that PCC had a significant positive relationship with PROMs (β = 0.316, p &lt; 0.01), PREMs (β = 0.063, p &lt; 0.05), and PS (β = 0.689, p &lt; 0.01). A strong residual correlation was observed between PREMs and PROMs (β = 0.734, p &lt; 0.01), while the residual association between PREMs and PS was minimal (β = 0.063, p &lt; 0.05). Emotional support was significantly associated with PROMs (β = 0.170, p &lt; 0.01) and PREMs (β = 0.078, p &lt; 0.01) but had a negative association with PS (β = −0.084, p &lt; 0.1). Family and friends’ involvement was a significant predictor of PROMs (β = 0.193, p &lt; 0.01), PREMs (β = 0.125, p &lt; 0.01), and PS (β = 0.082, p &lt; 0.05). Physical comfort was positively associated with PS (β = 0.128, p &lt; 0.01) but negatively associated with PROMs (β = −0.143, p &lt; 0.01) and PREMs (β = −0.056, p &lt; 0.05). Access to care is significantly associated with PS (β = 0.176, p &lt; 0.01).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study highlights the crucial role of PCC, showing that higher levels of PCC are associated with more positive patient experiences, health outcomes, and satisfaction among people with diabetes. Key PCC factors include emotional s","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":"20 1","pages":"Pages 88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145423735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: Cognitive impairment is associated with poor diabetic foot ulcer outcomes","authors":"Shixuan Guo,&nbsp;Juan Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":"20 1","pages":"Page 144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea in older adults with suboptimally-controlled type 2 diabetes and comorbid insomnia","authors":"Chun Kwan O ,&nbsp;Rachel NY Chan ,&nbsp;Ka Pang Chan ,&nbsp;Hongjiang Wu ,&nbsp;Fanny MF Lam ,&nbsp;Hester HC Lee ,&nbsp;Elaine YK Chow ,&nbsp;Andrea OY Luk ,&nbsp;Ronald CW Ma ,&nbsp;Yun Kwok Wing ,&nbsp;Juliana CN Chan ,&nbsp;Alice PS Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We aimed to explore the prevalence of and clinical factors that identify obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in older adults with suboptimally-controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) and comorbid insomnia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional analysis, participants had age≥ 60 years, HbA_1c7.5–10 % and comorbid insomnia [insomnia severity index (ISI)&gt; 14] with no prior history of OSA. All participants had home sleep apnoea testing done to measure apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) and completed questionnaires including self-reporting of habitual snoring (≥3 nights/week), Four-Variable Screening Tool (FVST) comprising sex, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and frequency of snoring, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) [Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score ≥ 10]. Mild, moderate, and severe OSA were defined by AHI 5 to &lt; 15, ≥ 15 to &lt; 30, and ≥ 30 events/hour respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 93 participants(mean age: 68.3 ± 4.8 years, 46 % men, BMI:24.8 ± 3.7 kg/m²), 87 % had OSA (43 % moderate-to-severe OSA) and 41.8 % had EDS. A diagnosis of OSA was associated with BMI[odd ratio(OR)1.233(95 %CI:1.015–1.498),p = 0.035], habitual snoring[8.107(2.192–29.977), <em>p</em> = 0.002], and FVST[1.386(1.132–1.698), <em>p</em> = 0.002]. The cut-off value of FVST≥ 5 or ESS≥ 10 had 100 % sensitivity and 20.8 (9.8–31.7)% specificity to detect moderate-to-severe OSA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Older adults with suboptimally-controlled T2D and comorbid insomnia had high prevalence of undiagnosed OSA with FVST and EDS as potentially useful screening tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":"20 1","pages":"Pages 80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145852112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board and Aims & Scopes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1751-9918(25)00211-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1751-9918(25)00211-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":"19 6","pages":"Pages ii-iii"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Diabetes Mellitus Care in Hong Kong Public Primary Care Setting: Changes after 10-year Implementation of Risk Assessment and Management Program in Diabetes Mellitus (RAMP-DM)","authors":"Fangfang Jiao,&nbsp;Lapkin Chiang,&nbsp;Yim Chu Li,&nbsp;Catherine Xiaorui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the changes in clinical profiles, complications, and treatment modalities of people with diabetes after a decade of implementing the multidisciplinary Risk Assessment and Management Program in DM (RAMP-DM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the evolution of care for people with diabetes in 13 public primary care clinics from 1 August 2008 to 31 July 2009 and 1 August 2019 to 31 July 2020.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average systolic blood pressure (SBP) improved from 131.66±16.89 to 126.88±12.54 mmHg (P&lt;0.001). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein concentration (LDL-C) improved from 7.47±1.4 to 6.88±1.00% (P&lt;0.001) and 3.09±0.85 to 2.01±0.68 mmol/L (P&lt;0.001), respectively. However, the percentage of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) rose from 7.73% to 10.47% (P&lt;0.001), and stroke increased from 8.22% to 12.44% (P&lt;0.001) over the decade.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first study to demonstrate the improvement of clinical parameters and treatment modalities of diabetes care in a public primary care setting over a decade. The increasing prevalence of IHD and stroke may be related to the aging population and the decreasing trend of all-cause mortality among people with diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":"19 6","pages":"Pages 671-677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145282370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding insulin dose deviations in people with type 2 diabetes receiving telemonitoring","authors":"Jannie Toft Damsgaard Nørlev ,&nbsp;Thomas Kronborg ,&nbsp;Morten Hasselstrøm Jensen ,&nbsp;Peter Vestergaard ,&nbsp;Stine Hangaard","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Although telemonitoring has emerged as a strategy to overcome barriers related to poor adherence, insulin dose deviations remain common. Yet, the reason remains unclear. This study investigated the reasons for dose deviations in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving telemonitoring.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were provided from 331 participants with insulin-treated T2D (DiaMonT, NCT 04981808). Participants were either telemonitored using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), a connected insulin pen, and an activity watch or treated according to standard of care, using blinded devices. Reasons for dose deviations were categorized, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 24 distinct reasons for insulin dose deviations were reported. These were grouped into: (1) actual deviations (40.1 %; n = 148) (e.g., limited understanding of T2D and access to CGM data), (2) justified deviations (40.7 %; n = 150) (e.g., illness and use of a non-connected pen), and (3) device-related deviations (19.2 %; n = 71) (e.g., technical issues).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the need for a nuanced interpretation of adherence data and suggests that telemonitoring should engage patients in treatment discussions and support education in diabetes self-management. These insights are key to maximizing the benefits of telemonitoring while avoiding misinterpretation or over-intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":"19 6","pages":"Pages 602-607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of online health management on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yiwei Qiu ,&nbsp;Yao Tang ,&nbsp;Yixuan Li ,&nbsp;Li Cheng ,&nbsp;Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Baofeng Du ,&nbsp;Ruhai Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Online health management has been implemented to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of online health management interventions in managing T2DM through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted in six databases—PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data—from January 1, 2010, to September 1, 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with T2DM. Two independent reviewers screened the studies and assessed the risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration). The primary outcomes included glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and postprandial blood glucose (PBG).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 6283 records screened, 44 RCTs involving 27,178 T2DM patients were included (16,972 in the intervention group and 10,206 in the control group). Pooled results showed that online health management interventions significantly improved HbA1c, FBG, PBG, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. Improvements were also observed in dietary behavior, physical activity, and self-efficacy. However, no significant effects were found on body weight, body mass index, or lipid metabolism parameters, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Subgroup analyses indicated that interventions delivered by physicians, those targeting individuals aged ≥ 60 years, and those using digital coaching for less than six months were more effective in glycemic control.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Online health management interventions may effectively support glycemic and blood pressure control and self-management in T2DM patients. Nevertheless, additional research with larger sample sizes and more extended follow-up periods is justified due to the substantial heterogeneity and limitations across the included studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":"19 6","pages":"Pages 561-576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microvascular disease burden and macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: Risk calculator in Taiwan","authors":"Chih-Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jung-Fu Chen ,&nbsp;Shih-Te Tu ,&nbsp;Chun-Chuan Lee ,&nbsp;Horng-Yih Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcd.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems globally. Microvascular diseases, including diabetic kidney disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy, are frequent complications of T2DM and may signal an increased risk of macrovascular diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. This study, based on prior findings from a nationwide cohort in Taiwan demonstrated that individuals with two or more macrovascular complications had elevated risks of cardiovascular events and mortality over a median follow-up of 3.3 years. Building on this, the current study develops a practical risk calculator for predicting 3-year cardiovascular risk. Shared pathogenic mechanisms, such as vascular injury, endothelial dysfunction, and autonomic neuropathy, may suggest these associations. In response, we developed a Risk Engine Calculator that incorporates the number of microvascular diseases, elevated HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and insulin use to estimate 3-year cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM without established macrovascular complications. Patients are stratified into low, moderate, or high risk categories to guide clinical decision-making. While the calculator is practical and evidence-based, limitations include its additive design, potential simplification of risk relationships, and relatively short follow-up period. Overall, this study underscores the importance of integrating microvascular diseases burden into cardiovascular risk assessment and provides a user-friendly tool to support precision medicine in diabetes management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48997,"journal":{"name":"Primary Care Diabetes","volume":"19 6","pages":"Pages 678-680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}