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Mathematics: Method Without Metaphysics 数学：没有形而上学的方法
IF 1.1 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Philosophia Mathematica
Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/philmat/nkac027
Elaine Landry
I use my reading of Plato to develop what I call as-ifism, the view that, in mathematics, we treat our hypotheses as if they were first principles and we do this with the purpose of solving mathematical problems. I then extend this view to modern mathematics showing that when we shift our focus from the method of philosophy to the method of mathematics, we see that an as-if methodological interpretation of mathematical structuralism can be used to provide an account of the practice and the applicability of mathematics while avoiding the conflation of metaphysical considerations with mathematical ones.
我利用对柏拉图的阅读来发展我所说的ifism，即在数学中，我们把假设当作第一原则来对待，我们这样做的目的是解决数学问题。然后，我将这一观点扩展到现代数学，表明当我们将重点从哲学方法转移到数学方法时，我们看到，对数学结构主义的方法论解释可以用来描述数学的实践和适用性，同时避免将形而上学的考虑与数学的考虑混为一谈。
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引用次数: 0
Self-Management for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. 膝关节骨性关节炎的自我管理：随机对照试验的系统回顾和元分析》。
IF 2.5 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Philosophia Mathematica
Pub Date : 2022-03-02 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2681240
Zugui Wu, Rui Zhou, Yue Zhu, Ziquan Zeng, Zixuan Ye, Zhenbang Wang, Wengang Liu, Xuemeng Xu

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a high incidence chronic joint disease that seriously affects patients' quality of life, and current treatment methods have limited efficacy. Self-management may be an effective strategy for KOA, and clinicians have been showing increased interest recently. However, the effectiveness of self-management for KOA remains controversial.

Purpose: This study aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of self-management for KOA.

Methods: We screened articles published in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science until September 17, 2021. The main outcomes included pain, knee function, stiffness, WOMAC (total), physical function, arthritis self-efficacy (ASE-pain), arthritis self-efficacy (ASE-other symptoms), mental health, and quality of life.

Results: Thirteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were finally included (n = 1610). Meta-analysis showed differences in pain, knee function, stiffness, ASE-pain, ASE-other symptoms, mental health, and quality of life between the self-management and control groups. Of the nine outcomes evaluated, four were highly heterogeneous, and the quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate.

Conclusion: The meta-analysis results showed that self-management might help improve the pain, knee function, stiffness, ASE, mental health, and quality of life in patients with KOA. However, it has no significant effect on WOMAC (total) and physical function. Considering that this study has some limitations, we cannot draw clear conclusions based on the results of this study. Nevertheless, we offer much needed insight and encourage more rigorously designed and implemented RCTs in the future to substantiate our conclusions.

背景：膝关节骨关节炎（KOA）是一种发病率很高的慢性关节疾病，严重影响患者的生活质量，而目前的治疗方法疗效有限。自我管理可能是治疗 KOA 的有效策略，临床医生近来对此越来越感兴趣。目的：本研究旨在系统评估 KOA 自我管理的有效性：我们筛选了截至 2021 年 9 月 17 日在 MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、EMBASE 和 Web of Science 上发表的文章。主要结果包括疼痛、膝关节功能、僵硬、WOMAC（总）、身体功能、关节炎自我效能（ASE-疼痛）、关节炎自我效能（ASE-其他症状）、心理健康和生活质量：最终纳入了 13 项随机对照试验（RCT）（n = 1610）。元分析表明，自我管理组和对照组在疼痛、膝关节功能、僵硬、ASE-疼痛、ASE-其他症状、心理健康和生活质量方面存在差异。在评估的九项结果中，有四项结果的异质性很高，证据质量从很低到中等不等：荟萃分析结果表明，自我管理可能有助于改善 KOA 患者的疼痛、膝关节功能、僵硬、ASE、心理健康和生活质量。然而，自我管理对 WOMAC（总）和身体功能的影响并不明显。考虑到本研究存在一定的局限性，我们无法根据本研究的结果得出明确的结论。不过，我们提供了亟需的见解，并鼓励今后进行更严格设计和实施的 RCT 研究，以证实我们的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Reasoning by Analogy in Mathematical Practice 数学实践中的类比推理
IF 1.1 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Philosophia Mathematica
Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/philmat/nkad003
N. Cangiotti, F. Nappo
In this paper, we offer a descriptive theory of analogical reasoning in mathematics, stating general conditions under which an analogy may provide genuine inductive support to a mathematical conjecture (over and above fulfilling the merely heuristic role of ‘suggesting’ a conjecture in the psychological sense). The proposed conditions generalize the criteria of Hesse in her influential work on analogical reasoning in the empirical sciences. By reference to several case studies, we argue that the account proposed in this paper does a better job in vindicating the use of analogical inference in mathematics than the prominent alternative defended by Bartha.
在本文中，我们提供了数学中类比推理的描述性理论，说明了类比可以为数学猜想提供真正归纳支持的一般条件（除了在心理意义上“暗示”猜想的启发式作用之外）。所提出的条件概括了黑塞在经验科学中有影响力的类比推理工作中的标准。通过参考几个案例研究，我们认为本文提出的解释在证明类比推理在数学中的使用方面比Bartha辩护的突出替代方案做得更好。
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引用次数: 1
OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件
IF 1.1 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Philosophia Mathematica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/philmat/nkac003
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引用次数: 2
OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件
IF 1.1 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Philosophia Mathematica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/philmat/nkac006
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引用次数: 0
OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件
IF 1.1 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Philosophia Mathematica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/philmat/nkac001
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引用次数: 0
OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件
IF 1.1 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Philosophia Mathematica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/philmat/nkac005
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引用次数: 0
OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件
IF 1.1 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Philosophia Mathematica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/philmat/nkac008
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引用次数: 2
Critical Studies/Book Reviews 批判性研究/书评
IF 1.1 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Philosophia Mathematica
Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.1093/philmat/nkab026
Hans-Christoph Kotzsch
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引用次数: 0
Critical Studies/Book Reviews 批判性研究/书评
IF 1.1 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Philosophia Mathematica
Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.1093/philmat/nkab027
D. Prawitz
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引用次数: 0
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