Claudio Baxin Beltrán, F. Salazar, Braulio Málaga Temich, Israel Medina Mena, Margarito Atanacio López, Margarito Flores Gutiérrez, Martha Patricia Lozada Ronquillo, Rafael Calderón-Parra, Rubén Ortega‐Álvarez
Abstract The Tuxtla Quail-Dove Zentrygon carrikeri is a poorly known, micro-endemic, and endangered species of southern Mexico. Almost no information has been published about this dove. We provide new information about its natural history, which resulted from community-based bird monitoring programs. We describe unknown breeding, feeding, bathing, social, alert, and roosting behaviors of the species. Moreover, we highlight the relevance of participatory science for studying and engaging society in the conservation of the Tuxtla Quail-Dove. Our observations on the species provide valuable information for guiding future research and enhancing conservation activities on this species.
摘要Tuxtla Quail Dove Zentrygon Carrickeri是墨西哥南部一种鲜为人知的微特有濒危物种。几乎没有关于这只鸽子的信息发表。我们提供了有关其自然历史的新信息，这些信息源于基于社区的鸟类监测计划。我们描述了该物种未知的繁殖、喂养、洗澡、社交、警觉和栖息行为。此外，我们强调了参与式科学对研究和让社会参与Tuxtla Quail Dove保护的相关性。我们对该物种的观察为指导未来的研究和加强该物种的保护活动提供了宝贵的信息。
{"title":"Community-Based Monitoring for the Tuxtla Quail-Dove Zentrygon carrikeri: A Contribution to the Natural History of an Elusive, Endangered and Micro-Endemic Species of Mexico","authors":"Claudio Baxin Beltrán, F. Salazar, Braulio Málaga Temich, Israel Medina Mena, Margarito Atanacio López, Margarito Flores Gutiérrez, Martha Patricia Lozada Ronquillo, Rafael Calderón-Parra, Rubén Ortega‐Álvarez","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.87","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Tuxtla Quail-Dove Zentrygon carrikeri is a poorly known, micro-endemic, and endangered species of southern Mexico. Almost no information has been published about this dove. We provide new information about its natural history, which resulted from community-based bird monitoring programs. We describe unknown breeding, feeding, bathing, social, alert, and roosting behaviors of the species. Moreover, we highlight the relevance of participatory science for studying and engaging society in the conservation of the Tuxtla Quail-Dove. Our observations on the species provide valuable information for guiding future research and enhancing conservation activities on this species.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"87 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45781988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alima Dorzhieva, M. Nakata, Keisuke Takano, Youki Fujihiko, Yasuo Ito, Kiyoshi Akahara, K. Tachikawa, Yasuko Ichimura, Yaeko Furukawa, H. Sato, M. Fujisawa, Mika Okamoto, Takehiko Shimizu
Abstract Changes in the timing of bird migration in spring and autumn in a coastal forest near the city of Niigata, central Honshu, Japan, were analyzed based on 27 years of bird-banding records. Half of the bird species studied, including all migratory types except residents, arrived or departed significantly earlier in spring due to an increase in spring temperatures. The rate of change we observed in spring migration timing due to changes in temperature was identical to or slightly greater than those reported in studies from other countries. The spring arrival of the Narcissus Flycatcher Ficedula narcissina and the Japanese Thrush Turdus cardis, both long-distance summer migrants to the nearby mountains, became earlier (advanced), however, for reasons that remained unclear. Median capture date in autumn was significantly associated with year for five species. Of these, the median capture date of the Japanese White-eye Zosterops japonicus, a resident and wandering bird, and the Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala, a wandering bird, advanced annually, while for the Japanese Robin Luscinia akahige and two other species (all long-distance migrants), it was delayed. We hypothesize that forest succession from a simple pine forest to a mixed forest with well-developed sub-canopy and shrub layers may have strongly influenced the Japanese White-eye and the Black-faced Bunting due to changes in population structure in the study area, resulting in an earlier median autumn capture date. Forest succession may also have influenced the Japanese Robin's food resources, enabling it to stay longer in the study area and resulting in a delay in autumn departure date. Thus, changes in bird migration timing differ according to different environmental factors in spring and autumn.
{"title":"Bird-Banding Records Reveal Changes in Avian Spring and Autumn Migration Timing in a Coastal Forest Near Niigata","authors":"Alima Dorzhieva, M. Nakata, Keisuke Takano, Youki Fujihiko, Yasuo Ito, Kiyoshi Akahara, K. Tachikawa, Yasuko Ichimura, Yaeko Furukawa, H. Sato, M. Fujisawa, Mika Okamoto, Takehiko Shimizu","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.41","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Changes in the timing of bird migration in spring and autumn in a coastal forest near the city of Niigata, central Honshu, Japan, were analyzed based on 27 years of bird-banding records. Half of the bird species studied, including all migratory types except residents, arrived or departed significantly earlier in spring due to an increase in spring temperatures. The rate of change we observed in spring migration timing due to changes in temperature was identical to or slightly greater than those reported in studies from other countries. The spring arrival of the Narcissus Flycatcher Ficedula narcissina and the Japanese Thrush Turdus cardis, both long-distance summer migrants to the nearby mountains, became earlier (advanced), however, for reasons that remained unclear. Median capture date in autumn was significantly associated with year for five species. Of these, the median capture date of the Japanese White-eye Zosterops japonicus, a resident and wandering bird, and the Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala, a wandering bird, advanced annually, while for the Japanese Robin Luscinia akahige and two other species (all long-distance migrants), it was delayed. We hypothesize that forest succession from a simple pine forest to a mixed forest with well-developed sub-canopy and shrub layers may have strongly influenced the Japanese White-eye and the Black-faced Bunting due to changes in population structure in the study area, resulting in an earlier median autumn capture date. Forest succession may also have influenced the Japanese Robin's food resources, enabling it to stay longer in the study area and resulting in a delay in autumn departure date. Thus, changes in bird migration timing differ according to different environmental factors in spring and autumn.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"41 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44904883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masato Kitano, Masafumi Ino, K. S. Smallwood, Saiko Shiraki
Abstract Carcass persistence rates strongly affect estimation of avian fatalities resulting from collisions with wind turbines. Our aim was to compare bird carcass persistence rates based on trials during different seasons at wind farms where the ground was snow covered in winter. Carcass persistence was found to be considerably shorter during late winter than during summer/autumn, and was considered to result from food shortages for terrestrial vertebrate scavengers during winter, and the higher visibility of carcasses resting on snow-covered ground in late winter. It is critical to represent carcass persistence rates in different seasons at wind farms.
{"title":"Seasonal Difference in Carcass Persistence Rates at Wind Farms with Snow, Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"Masato Kitano, Masafumi Ino, K. S. Smallwood, Saiko Shiraki","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.63","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Carcass persistence rates strongly affect estimation of avian fatalities resulting from collisions with wind turbines. Our aim was to compare bird carcass persistence rates based on trials during different seasons at wind farms where the ground was snow covered in winter. Carcass persistence was found to be considerably shorter during late winter than during summer/autumn, and was considered to result from food shortages for terrestrial vertebrate scavengers during winter, and the higher visibility of carcasses resting on snow-covered ground in late winter. It is critical to represent carcass persistence rates in different seasons at wind farms.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"63 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49202208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takayuki Sakakibara, M. Noguchi, C. Yoshii, A. Azuma
Abstract The Osprey Pandion haliaetus has recently been found in inland areas of Japan, but its diet there is not well understood. In this study, CCD cameras were used to monitor Osprey two nests in Iwate Prefecture during the 2017 breeding season. Both pairs (one nesting near a reservoir, one by a river) consumed introduced fish species, notably Largemouth Bass and Japanese crucian carp. Similar prey are also consumed by other Osprey populations in Japan, indicating that introduced fish may be among the major food resources of Ospreys throughout Japan.
{"title":"Diet of the Osprey Pandion haliaetus in Inland Japan","authors":"Takayuki Sakakibara, M. Noguchi, C. Yoshii, A. Azuma","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.81","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Osprey Pandion haliaetus has recently been found in inland areas of Japan, but its diet there is not well understood. In this study, CCD cameras were used to monitor Osprey two nests in Iwate Prefecture during the 2017 breeding season. Both pairs (one nesting near a reservoir, one by a river) consumed introduced fish species, notably Largemouth Bass and Japanese crucian carp. Similar prey are also consumed by other Osprey populations in Japan, indicating that introduced fish may be among the major food resources of Ospreys throughout Japan.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"81 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48610569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis colonies are expanding in some areas of their range after a catastrophic decline, yet in other areas population status and ecology remain poorly known. In the current study, we documented the first-ever monitoring of population size and nesting activity of the White-rumped Vulture using the road transect method in Kotli District, in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Covering a 9.09 km road transect we found nine colonies, six of which had a total of 52 active nests (a mean of 5.8±5.6 nests per colony). The nine colonies contained a population of 191 vultures (a minimum of n=7, to a maximum of n=50 with a mean of 21.2±15 individuals per colony). Nests were on Chir Pine trees Pinus roxburghii at an average height of 20.8±1.6 meters from the ground. Most of the nests were near running water sources and roads. Vultures were found at waste from slaughterhouses, livestock carcasses, road-killed wildlife and street dogs, which appear to be their main sources of food. Forest fire could be detrimental to the species' population. Monitoring on an annual basis is needed in order to understand the population trend of the White-rumped Vultures in the area.
{"title":"Population Status and Nesting Activity of White-Rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis in Kotli District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan","authors":"Shakeel Ahmad, E. Rehman, M. Kabir, F. Bari","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.55","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis colonies are expanding in some areas of their range after a catastrophic decline, yet in other areas population status and ecology remain poorly known. In the current study, we documented the first-ever monitoring of population size and nesting activity of the White-rumped Vulture using the road transect method in Kotli District, in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Covering a 9.09 km road transect we found nine colonies, six of which had a total of 52 active nests (a mean of 5.8±5.6 nests per colony). The nine colonies contained a population of 191 vultures (a minimum of n=7, to a maximum of n=50 with a mean of 21.2±15 individuals per colony). Nests were on Chir Pine trees Pinus roxburghii at an average height of 20.8±1.6 meters from the ground. Most of the nests were near running water sources and roads. Vultures were found at waste from slaughterhouses, livestock carcasses, road-killed wildlife and street dogs, which appear to be their main sources of food. Forest fire could be detrimental to the species' population. Monitoring on an annual basis is needed in order to understand the population trend of the White-rumped Vultures in the area.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":"105 3","pages":"55 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41290861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Consumption of the berries of Morrow's Honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii has caused reddening of bird plumages in North America. We looked for examples of reddened feathers in Japanese birds, where the honeysuckle is native. We report the observation of legitimate reddened feathers in three Gray-headed Woodpeckers Picus canus, but are unsure whether the honeysuckle caused the color change in this instance. Morrow's Honeysuckle is uncommon in Japan, and birds rarely eat its berries. The availability of a wide variety of edible fruits may generally reduce the likelihood of avian plumage coloration being altered by shrubs such as the honeysuckle in Japan.
{"title":"Do Fruits Bearing the Red Carotenoid Rhodoxanthin Affect Avian Plumage Coloration in Japan?","authors":"J. Hudon, Keita Omote, M. Mizushima","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.99","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Consumption of the berries of Morrow's Honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii has caused reddening of bird plumages in North America. We looked for examples of reddened feathers in Japanese birds, where the honeysuckle is native. We report the observation of legitimate reddened feathers in three Gray-headed Woodpeckers Picus canus, but are unsure whether the honeysuckle caused the color change in this instance. Morrow's Honeysuckle is uncommon in Japan, and birds rarely eat its berries. The availability of a wide variety of edible fruits may generally reduce the likelihood of avian plumage coloration being altered by shrubs such as the honeysuckle in Japan.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"106 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44187751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Onolragchaa Ganbold, J. Azua, W. Paek, M. Munkhbayar, Ariunbold Jargalsaikhan, Purevsuren Tsolmonjav, Otgontsetseg Khuderchuluun, Gi-Chang Bing, R. Reading
Abstract We examined the breeding success of Lesser Kestrels Falco naumanni in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, a semi-desert zone in southeast Mongolian. We found that the mean number of nests per colony was 7.4. Lesser Kestrels laid eggs between 24 May and 2 June each year. Mean clutch size was 4.0±0.7 SE, with a mean incubation period of 28±2 SE days. We recorded an overall hatching success rate of 84.2% and overall fledgling success rate of 89.7%, hence a mean fledgling per breeding attempt was 2.79. Our findings revealed relatively high hatching and fledgling rates for our study population, and bode well for the conservation of this small falcon in its poorly-known breeding range.
摘要研究了蒙古东南部半荒漠地带Ikh Nart自然保护区小红隼(Falco naumanni)的繁殖成功率。我们发现每个群体的平均巢数为7.4个。小红隼每年在5月24日至6月2日产卵。平均窝卵数4.0±0.7 SE，平均孵育期28±2 SE d。总孵化成功率为84.2%，总雏鸟成功率为89.7%，即每次繁殖平均雏鸟2.79只。我们的研究结果显示，在我们的研究种群中，相对较高的孵化率和羽翼未丰率，预示着这种小型猎鹰在其鲜为人知的繁殖范围内得到保护。
{"title":"The Breeding Success of Lesser Kestrels Falco naumanni in Mongolia","authors":"Onolragchaa Ganbold, J. Azua, W. Paek, M. Munkhbayar, Ariunbold Jargalsaikhan, Purevsuren Tsolmonjav, Otgontsetseg Khuderchuluun, Gi-Chang Bing, R. Reading","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.73","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examined the breeding success of Lesser Kestrels Falco naumanni in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, a semi-desert zone in southeast Mongolian. We found that the mean number of nests per colony was 7.4. Lesser Kestrels laid eggs between 24 May and 2 June each year. Mean clutch size was 4.0±0.7 SE, with a mean incubation period of 28±2 SE days. We recorded an overall hatching success rate of 84.2% and overall fledgling success rate of 89.7%, hence a mean fledgling per breeding attempt was 2.79. Our findings revealed relatively high hatching and fledgling rates for our study population, and bode well for the conservation of this small falcon in its poorly-known breeding range.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"73 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46202505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Red-crowned Crane Grus japonensis is an endangered species in East Asia. The western flyway population in China has been in steady decline in recent years because of the loss and deterioration of the natural wetland habitat it requires. To enhance this migratory Red-crowned Crane population, a project was designed to return captive Red-crowned Cranes to the wild in 2013 and 2015 in the Yancheng National Nature Reserve (YNNR). This reserve is the most important wintering site for the continental migratory population. The survival rate of introduced Red-crowned Cranes was 40%. However, aggregation of introduced and wild individuals was not observed. Introduced individuals did not pair with wild individuals nor did they migrate to breeding areas with them. They remained in the core zone of the YNNR over summer. Here, we report the first breeding of introduced Red-crowned Cranes in the YNNR in 2017 and 2018. Suitable rearing methods and the use of aircraft to inform them of the migration route are necessary. Further research is necessary to confirm the migratory status of the cranes that are reared in the reserve.
{"title":"Reinforcement Project and Breeding Cases of Introduced Endangered Red-Crowned Cranes Grus japonensis in Yancheng National Nature Reserve, China","authors":"Peng Xu, Hao Chen, Duoying Cui, Chunrong Li, Guoyuan Chen, Yongqiang Zhao, Chang-hu Lu","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.93","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Red-crowned Crane Grus japonensis is an endangered species in East Asia. The western flyway population in China has been in steady decline in recent years because of the loss and deterioration of the natural wetland habitat it requires. To enhance this migratory Red-crowned Crane population, a project was designed to return captive Red-crowned Cranes to the wild in 2013 and 2015 in the Yancheng National Nature Reserve (YNNR). This reserve is the most important wintering site for the continental migratory population. The survival rate of introduced Red-crowned Cranes was 40%. However, aggregation of introduced and wild individuals was not observed. Introduced individuals did not pair with wild individuals nor did they migrate to breeding areas with them. They remained in the core zone of the YNNR over summer. Here, we report the first breeding of introduced Red-crowned Cranes in the YNNR in 2017 and 2018. Suitable rearing methods and the use of aircraft to inform them of the migration route are necessary. Further research is necessary to confirm the migratory status of the cranes that are reared in the reserve.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"93 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41753763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Hooded Crane Grus monacha remains the least known crane species in terms of its breeding range. Since 1985, typical wetlands meeting the characteristics of the typical Hooded Crane habitat have been surveyed between 56° and 66°N and between 108° and 136°E. Within the Lena River Basin, well-defined extensive breeding grounds of the Hooded Crane have been observed in the middle Aldan River Basin. Surveys of representative swampy headwaters, river reaches, and large watershed depressions, have revealed no other similar breeding grounds within the rest of the Lena River Basin, including areas attributed to the only known breeding grounds outside Manchuria. Within the extent of occurrence in the Lena River Basin and adjoining areas of the Olenyek, Khatanga and Yenisei river basins, breeding Hooded Cranes are presumably highly scattered. Solitary pairs are likely to breed hundreds of kilometers apart. Based on the distribution of wetlands, breeding grounds comparable to the middle Aldan River may occur in the basins of the upper Vilyui and the adjoining Moero and Kotui rivers. Evidence suggests that reports from local people are mostly plausible and consistent with maps and satellite images showing wetland habitat similar to that used by the Hooded Crane. Therefore, in the absence of direct data, the reports of the occurrence/nesting of Hooded Cranes beyond the Arctic Circle, particularly in the Olenyek River Basin quoted by Andreev (1974), should be given credence when delineating the breeding range. The region, including the Lena River Basin is too vast and difficult of access for aerial surveys to be practical. Tracking, based on navigation satellite systems, rather than stepwise ground surveys, is the only practical method for obtaining significant information over a short period of time.
{"title":"Identification of the Breeding Range of the Hooded Crane","authors":"V. Degtyarev","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Hooded Crane Grus monacha remains the least known crane species in terms of its breeding range. Since 1985, typical wetlands meeting the characteristics of the typical Hooded Crane habitat have been surveyed between 56° and 66°N and between 108° and 136°E. Within the Lena River Basin, well-defined extensive breeding grounds of the Hooded Crane have been observed in the middle Aldan River Basin. Surveys of representative swampy headwaters, river reaches, and large watershed depressions, have revealed no other similar breeding grounds within the rest of the Lena River Basin, including areas attributed to the only known breeding grounds outside Manchuria. Within the extent of occurrence in the Lena River Basin and adjoining areas of the Olenyek, Khatanga and Yenisei river basins, breeding Hooded Cranes are presumably highly scattered. Solitary pairs are likely to breed hundreds of kilometers apart. Based on the distribution of wetlands, breeding grounds comparable to the middle Aldan River may occur in the basins of the upper Vilyui and the adjoining Moero and Kotui rivers. Evidence suggests that reports from local people are mostly plausible and consistent with maps and satellite images showing wetland habitat similar to that used by the Hooded Crane. Therefore, in the absence of direct data, the reports of the occurrence/nesting of Hooded Cranes beyond the Arctic Circle, particularly in the Olenyek River Basin quoted by Andreev (1974), should be given credence when delineating the breeding range. The region, including the Lena River Basin is too vast and difficult of access for aerial surveys to be practical. Tracking, based on navigation satellite systems, rather than stepwise ground surveys, is the only practical method for obtaining significant information over a short period of time.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"15 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42267313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Habitat degradation and fragmentation are serious threats to global biodiversity. Attributes of vegetation structure and patch structure have been considered critical factors in sustaining species diversity, but their relative importance remains unclear. This study aimed at identifying key vegetation and patch structure variables for bird species richness and examining their relative importance. We surveyed and mapped all individual birds in a 50-ha forest-farm landscape mosaic over three breeding seasons and recorded the vegetation in 286 patches of six land-use types. Native forests and conifer plantations (covering 59% of the area) contained 89% of the individuals and all of the bird species recorded. The effects of vegetation structure variables, tree family richness, and foliage coverage were more significant than those of patch-structure variables. Although conifer plantations were low in tree family richness of the canopy layer, they had a high tree family richness in the sub-canopy layer, and had similar bird density and species richness values as native forests. Creating and maintaining patches with a complex vegetation structure are critical for supporting animal abundance and species diversity. Forest patches dominated by only a few tree species in the canopy layer can be greatly improved by increasing the floristic composition of the sub-canopy layer. Large patches with a complex vegetation structure are important for sustaining biodiversity and should be kept as intact as possible.
{"title":"Bird Species Richness in Relation to Land-Use Patch Structure and Vegetation Structure in a Forest-Agriculture Mosaic","authors":"Da-Li Lin, Shu-Wei Fu, Hsiao-Wei Yuan, Tzung-Su Ding","doi":"10.2326/osj.18.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.18.147","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Habitat degradation and fragmentation are serious threats to global biodiversity. Attributes of vegetation structure and patch structure have been considered critical factors in sustaining species diversity, but their relative importance remains unclear. This study aimed at identifying key vegetation and patch structure variables for bird species richness and examining their relative importance. We surveyed and mapped all individual birds in a 50-ha forest-farm landscape mosaic over three breeding seasons and recorded the vegetation in 286 patches of six land-use types. Native forests and conifer plantations (covering 59% of the area) contained 89% of the individuals and all of the bird species recorded. The effects of vegetation structure variables, tree family richness, and foliage coverage were more significant than those of patch-structure variables. Although conifer plantations were low in tree family richness of the canopy layer, they had a high tree family richness in the sub-canopy layer, and had similar bird density and species richness values as native forests. Creating and maintaining patches with a complex vegetation structure are critical for supporting animal abundance and species diversity. Forest patches dominated by only a few tree species in the canopy layer can be greatly improved by increasing the floristic composition of the sub-canopy layer. Large patches with a complex vegetation structure are important for sustaining biodiversity and should be kept as intact as possible.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"135 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49602296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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