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Faithful dynamic timing analysis of digital circuits using continuous thresholded mode-switched ODEs
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nahs.2024.101572
Arman Ferdowsi , Matthias Függer , Thomas Nowak , Ulrich Schmid , Michael Drmota
Thresholded hybrid systems are restricted dynamical systems, where the current mode, and hence the ODE system describing its behavior, is solely determined by externally supplied digital input signals and where the only output signals are digital ones generated by comparing an internal state variable to a threshold value. An attractive feature of such systems is easy composition, which is facilitated by their purely digital interface. A particularly promising application domain of thresholded hybrid systems is digital integrated circuits: Modern digital circuit design considers them as a composition of Millions and even Billions of elementary logic gates, like inverters, OR and AND. Since every such logic gate is eventually implemented as an electronic circuit, however, which exhibits a behavior that is governed by some ODE system, thresholded hybrid systems are ideally suited for making the transition from the analog to the digital world rigorous.
In this paper, we prove that the mapping from digital input signals to digital output signals is continuous for a large class of thresholded hybrid systems. Moreover, we show that, under some mild conditions regarding causality, this continuity also continues to hold for arbitrary compositions, which in turn guarantees that the composition faithfully captures the analog reality. By applying our generic results to some recently developed thresholded hybrid gate models, both for single-input single-output gates like inverters and for a two-input CMOS NOR gate, we show that they are continuous. Moreover, we provide a novel thresholded hybrid model for the two-input NOR gate, which is not only continuous but also, unlike the existing one, faithfully models all multi-input switching effects.
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引用次数: 0
A Floquet–Lyapunov theory for nonautonomous linear periodic differential equations with piecewise constant deviating arguments
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nahs.2024.101574
Ricardo Torres Naranjo
In this work, we introduce a version of the classic Floquet–Lyapunov theorem for ωperiodic nonautonomous linear differential equations with piecewise constant arguments of generalized type (IDEPCAG or DEPCAG). We demonstrate that the nonautonomous linear IDEPCAG is kinematically similar to an autonomous linear ordinary differential equation. Additionally, we provide explicit formulas for the Floquet normal form of the fundamental matrix of IDEPCAG nonautonomous linear systems. These are very useful for analyzing qualitative properties such as the stability and periodicity of the solutions, making the study of IDEPCAG systems more accessible. Finally, we have included examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our results.
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引用次数: 0
On (θ,T)-periodic solutions of abstract generalized ODEs and applications to Volterra–Stieltjes–type integral equations
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nahs.2024.101573
M. Ap. Silva , E.M. Bonotto , R. Collegari , M. Federson , M.C. Gadotti
It is known that generalized ordinary differential equations (generalized ODEs for short) encompass other types of equations such as impulsive differential equations as well as dynamic equations on time scales. The present paper concerns the theory of (θ,T)-periodic solutions in the framework of generalized ODEs in Banach spaces. We exhibit necessary and sufficient conditions for a solution of a generalized ODE to be (θ,T)-periodic. Moreover, we develop the Floquet theory of homogeneous linear generalized ODEs and, as a consequence, we present a characterization of fundamental matrices for the finite dimensional case. As an illustration, we apply the main results to Volterra–Stieltjes–type integral equations.
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引用次数: 0
Strategy optimization of controlled evolutionary games on a two-layer coupled network using Lebesgue sampling
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nahs.2024.101570
Shihua Fu , Ling Li , Jun-e Feng
This paper studies the strategy optimization for a type of evolutionary games on coupled networks under sampled-data state feedback controls (SDSFCs) with Lebesgue sampling, which is more economical than traditional state feedback controls. Firstly, using the semi-tensor product of matrices, the algebraic expression of a controlled evolutionary game on a two-layer coupled network is established. Secondly, for a given Lebesgue sampling region, a necessary and sufficient condition is presented to detect whether each player’s payoff can ultimately remain at or above its own threshold, and the corresponding SDSFCs are designed. Furthermore, for a given signal of Lebesgue sampling, an approach is provided to obtain a desired sampling region, under which each player’s payoff always meets their threshold condition after a certain time. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to support our new results.
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引用次数: 0
Finite bit rate stabilization of switched linear systems with bounded delay based on event-triggering control
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nahs.2024.101567
Yihong Tang, Yuan Liu, Qiang Ling
This paper investigates the finite bit rate stabilization of a switched linear system whose feedback packets are transmitted through a communication network with bounded time-varying delays. The unknown network delay and mode switching cause unavoidable asynchronous modes between the sensor and the controller, and greatly complicate the stabilization of that system. To resolve these issues, an event-triggering mechanism and a quantization method with a finite bit rate are proposed to sample, quantize and transmit the feedback signals. Furthermore, state estimation updating methods are designed to eliminate the effects of time-varying delays on state estimation errors. We derive sufficient stabilizing conditions in terms of average dwell time and feedback bit rate through determining the convergence rates of the Lyapunov function at sampling instants under different switching scenarios. Simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
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引用次数: 0
Measuring robustness in cyber-physical systems under sensor attacks
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nahs.2024.101559
Jian Xiang , Ruggero Lanotte , Simone Tini , Stephen Chong , Massimo Merro
This paper contributes a formal framework for quantitative analysis of bounded sensor attacks on cyber–physical systems, using the formalism of differential dynamic logic. Given a precondition and postcondition of a system, we formalize two quantitative safety notions, quantitative forward and backward safety, which respectively express (1) how strong the strongest postcondition of the system is with respect to the specified postcondition, and (2) how strong the specified precondition is with respect to the weakest precondition of the system needed to ensure the specified postcondition holds. We introduce two notions, forward and backward robustness, to characterize the robustness of a system against sensor attacks as the loss of safety. To reason about robustness, we introduce two simulation distances, forward and backward simulation distances, which are defined based on the behavioral distances between the original system and the system with compromised sensors. Forward and backward distances, respectively, characterize upper bounds of the degree of forward and backward safety loss caused by the sensor attacks. We verify the two simulation distances by expressing them as modalities, i.e., formulas of differential dynamic logic, and develop an ad-hoc proof system to reason with such formulas. We showcase our formal notions and reasoning techniques on two non-trivial case studies: an autonomous vehicle that needs to avoid collision and a water tank system.
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引用次数: 0
H2 dynamic output feedback control of phase-type semi-Markov jump linear systems
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nahs.2024.101557
André M. de Oliveira , Oswaldo L.V. Costa
This paper deals with the design of H2 dynamic output feedback controllers for phase-type distributed semi-Markov jump linear systems. It is assumed that the state-space of the semi-Markov jump process can be written as the union of disjoint sets, called clusters, and that the only information available to the controller regarding the jumping process is which cluster it belongs to. We provide two sets of design conditions for the H2 control problem, written in terms of bilinear matrix inequalities, which are associated with the observability and controllability Grammians (referred to as the “primal” and “dual” approaches, respectively). An iterative separation procedure, formulated as a sequence of linear matrix inequalities optimization problems, is proposed to reduce an upper bound of the H2 norm of the system for both the primal and dual design conditions. We show that our conditions are not conservative in the sense that, for the Markov mode-dependent case, they also become necessary. Finally, we study the robust case, considering that the system matrices and transition rate matrix have polytopic uncertainties, and the observer-based control case, for which the conditions can be simplified and written directly as linear matrix inequalities. The paper concludes with an illustrative example in the context of systems subject to actuator and sensor faults.
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引用次数: 0
Disturbance decoupling controller design of switched Boolean control networks in recursion
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nahs.2024.101558
Xiangshan Kong , Haitao Li
This paper studies the disturbance decoupling problem (DDP) of switched Boolean control networks (SBCNs) by the methodology of recursion. All the state nodes of the original SBCNs are split into two parts based on whether or not the state node influences the outputs. By driving the part of state nodes which influence the outputs to the largest control invariant set, the concept of DDP in recursion is proposed. Using the algebraic state space representation (ASSR) method, both mode-independent and mode-dependent state feedback controllers are constructed to solve the DDP in recursion of SBCNs. Furthermore, based on the obtained mode-independent state feedback DDP controllers, the mode-independent output feedback controllers are designed for the DDP in recursion of SBCNs.
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引用次数: 0
Secure control for uncertain nonlinear cyber–physical systems: A prescribed-time scheme based on temporal scaling 不确定非线性网络物理系统的安全控制:基于时间缩放的规定时间方案
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nahs.2024.101556
Zhiyu Duan, Airong Wei, Xianfu Zhang, Bo Sun
In this paper, the prescribed-time secure control is explored for uncertain nonlinear cyber–physical systems through temporal scaling transformation and gain control technique, where the nonlinearity is more generic than common linear growth conditions due to the presence of large uncertainties and low-order states. Given that security risks exist in open networks, the impact of deception attacks is considered, whereas, this prevents the gain control technique from being applied directly to control design. To lift the restriction, a novel auxiliary system is firstly constructed to cleverly turn the secure control to the boundedness control of the auxiliary system. Next, a crucial bridge, temporal scaling transformation, is employed to transform the control issue in the finite time into infinite time, which opens up more possibilities for solving studied issues. Then, by the gain control technique, a Zeno-free secure control strategy with dynamically adjustable triggering mechanism is devised, which successfully ensures the convergence of system states within the prescribed time meanwhile counteracting deception attacks. Further, an improved nonlinearity, i.e. containing both low-order and high-order states, is discussed. Particularly, the proposed control strategies not only avoid real-time control updates, but also the gains therein handle system nonlinearities efficiently. Eventually, the validity of major results is verified via simulation examples.
本文通过时间比例变换和增益控制技术,探讨了不确定非线性网络物理系统的规定时间安全控制,由于存在较大的不确定性和低阶状态,非线性比常见的线性增长条件更为普遍。鉴于开放网络存在安全风险,因此考虑了欺骗攻击的影响,但这使得增益控制技术无法直接应用于控制设计。为了解除这一限制,我们首先构建了一个新颖的辅助系统,巧妙地将安全控制转化为辅助系统的有界控制。其次,利用时标变换这一关键桥梁,将有限时间内的控制问题转化为无限时间内的控制问题,为解决所研究的问题提供了更多可能性。然后,通过增益控制技术,设计了一种具有动态可调触发机制的无 Zeno 安全控制策略,成功地确保了系统状态在规定时间内收敛,同时抵御了欺骗攻击。此外,还讨论了改进的非线性问题,即同时包含低阶和高阶状态。特别是,所提出的控制策略不仅避免了实时控制更新,而且其中的增益还能有效地处理系统非线性问题。最后,通过仿真实例验证了主要结果的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive hybrid global attitude tracking controller 自适应混合全局姿态跟踪控制器
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q2 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nahs.2024.101555
João Pedro Silvestre , Pedro Casau , Paulo Oliveira
In this paper, a quaternion-based attitude tracking controller is presented, which is robust to measurement noise and adaptable to modeling errors and external disturbances. By constructing the controller using the theory of hybrid systems and employing the backstepping technique an adaptive controller that globally asymptotically stabilizes the null tracking error set for the closed-loop system is obtained. Furthermore, two estimators are explicitly derived to account for slowly time-varying or constant disturbances and moment of inertia errors. All the stability and convergence properties are carefully proven using Lyapunov stability theory for hybrid systems. Simulation results are shown to assess the resulting closed-loop system performance.
本文提出了一种基于四元数的姿态跟踪控制器,它对测量噪声具有鲁棒性,并能适应建模误差和外部干扰。通过使用混合系统理论构建控制器,并采用反步进技术,得到了一个自适应控制器,该控制器可在全局上渐近稳定闭环系统的空跟踪误差集。此外,还明确推导出两个估计器,以考虑缓慢时变或恒定的干扰和惯性矩误差。利用混合系统的 Lyapunov 稳定性理论,对所有稳定性和收敛性进行了仔细证明。仿真结果显示了对所产生的闭环系统性能的评估。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Nonlinear Analysis-Hybrid Systems
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