International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health最新文献

In 2022, 26-31% of young adults reported using e-cigarettes in the previous 30 days. Research supports the effectiveness of mass media health campaigns in changing targeted attitudes and behaviors regarding nicotine use. However, the effect of social media campaigns and the pathway through which they change attitudes and behaviors require more research. This randomized controlled experiment examines the pathway through which exposure to an e-cigarette prevention social media campaign influences intentions to quit e-cigarettes among young adults who currently use e-cigarettes. Participants (n = 160) aged 18 to 24 years old were recruited through Virtual Lab in Facebook and Instagram. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the pathway from campaign exposure, to changes in targeted attitudes, and finally to intentions to quit e-cigarettes in the next year. Ad exposure was significantly associated with stronger anti-industry attitudes, independence from e-cigarettes, and risk perceptions. These campaign-targeted attitudes were significantly associated with greater intentions to quit e-cigarettes (anti-industry attitudes (OR = 1.43), independence (OR = 1.50), and risk perception (OR = 1.71)). The findings suggest that exposure to an e-cigarette prevention social media campaign can affect targeted attitudes, which in turn improve intentions to quit. Future research should examine behavior changes and compare the effects between those currently using e-cigarettes and those not using them.

The Psychosocial Rehabilitation Project (PRP) is a tool designed to structure and organize mental health care, guided by the theoretical and practical principles of Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PR). This article aims to identify the initial requirements for the prototyping of a "Psychosocial Rehabilitation Project App". To achieve this, an integrative review was conducted with the research question: what initial requirements are important to compose the prototype of the "Psychosocial Rehabilitation Project App" in mental health? In the search process, 834 articles were identified and exported to the online systematic review application Rayyan QCRI, resulting in 36 eligible articles for this study, along with one app. The reading of this material allowed the elicitation of three themes: privacy and data protection policy; design; and software and programming. The prototyping of the "Psychosocial Rehabilitation Project App" should prioritize data security and protection, simplicity in design, and the integration of technological resources that facilitate the management, construction, monitoring, and evaluation of psychosocial rehabilitation projects by mental health professionals.

(1) Background: This study was conducted in the small island developing state of Barbados, which has dubiously earned the title of "amputation capital of the world", to understand perspectives of persons living with diabetic foot ulceration. (2) Methods: An exploratory multi-lens approach was used (focus groups; dyads; and triads) to gather indigenous Afro-Caribbean perspectives of living with diabetic foot ulceration that may be obscured by using a single method. (3) Results: Findings in this group highlighted the necessity of creating culturally sensitive education tools, as well as understanding how mistrust of local health systems may play a role in decisions to delay seeking health services despite ease of access with no cost at point of care. Problematic historical relationships with health systems among Afro-Caribbean people, for whom oral traditions motivate preference for traditional medicines instead of Western/colonial treatments from North America or Europe, may be deeply entrenched in this population and contribute to health beliefs and behaviors. (4) Conclusions: This paper addresses the gap in the literature regarding the use of qualitative methodologies to explore the beliefs of Afro-Caribbean people within their native context to inform design of culturally responsive self-education programs.

The consumer food environment is an important medium for understanding complex interactions regarding food consumption, health outcomes and social vulnerability. We aimed to analyze the diversity, variety and quality of natural and ultra-processed foods in a Brazilian metropolis. We performed a cross-sectional study, analyzing food stores within a buffer (1600 m) area around 18 randomly selected Health Promotion Program units. We used descriptive analyses and regression models, adjusted by the area's population, to examine associations of consumer food environment variables with the health vulnerability (HVI) of the territory and store type. Low HVI areas had higher fruits and vegetables variety adequacy and better quality, when compared to medium and high/very high HVI areas (p-value < 0.001 and p-value = 0.001). Supermarkets in low HVI areas had almost twice the prevalence of adequate vegetable variety (65.2% vs. 33.3% in high/very high HVI areas, p-value = 0.005). Adjusted by population, areas with high/very high HVI had lower odds of adequate fruit variety when compared to low HVI areas (OR = 0.06; CI 95% = 0.01-0.44; p-value = 0.006). Although consumer preference is important in food acquisition, disparities in quality, diversity and variety within the consumer food environment could lead to difficulties in access to healthy options for vulnerable populations.

We created a comprehensive, four-part, in-person, interactive community education series to teach informal, unpaid care partners of persons living with dementia (PLWD) how to support their PLWD, negotiate common day-to-day challenges, and navigate predictable situations that arise as the disease progresses over time. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the series impact on participant knowledge, care practices, and perceptions of caregiving. Inspired by the U.S. Medicare Cognitive Assessment and Care Plan Service visit and the 4Ms of the Age-Friendly Health Systems Framework, our curriculum focused on (1) expanding knowledge about the disease and disease progression, (2) developing skills to better connect and work with PLWD, (3) self-care for care partners, and (4) sharing resources to support future planning. The program was delivered in three communities in Central Pennsylvania (one rural, one small, and one medium metropolitan) and was attended by 146 individuals. Both session and final qualitative evaluation data were assessed using thematic analysis and five major categories emerged: lessons learned, activating new knowledge, impact and changes, assuming responsibility is challenging, and I need more help. Ongoing education, emotional support, and access to quality assistance for long-term planning are all needed and require sustained support.

Nursing staff have been at the forefront of the pandemic, reporting high traumatic stress and anxiety levels related to high fear of COVID-19. Recommendations from previous studies include using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) as a screening tool to identify any individuals who may benefit from targeted psychological support. Thus far, the accuracy of the Canadian English and French versions of FCV-19S to detect high levels of traumatic stress and anxiety symptoms has not been examined. The objectives of this methodological psychometric study were to examine among nursing staff: (a) the structure and internal consistency of the Canadian versions of the FCV-19S and (b) its ability in detecting high levels of traumatic stress and anxiety symptoms. An anonymous online survey was distributed among nursing staff (n = 387) in the province of Quebec (Canada). This survey included the FCV-19S and scales measuring their traumatic stress (PCL-5) and anxiety symptoms (GAD-7). Exploratory factor analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. The one-factor structure of the FCV-19S was supported (Cronbach alpha = 0.87). The FCV-19S showed better accuracy for the detection of traumatic stress (area under the curve (AUC) 0.75 [95% CI 0.68, 0.82]) in comparison to anxiety symptoms (AUC 0.65 [95% CI 0.60, 0.74]). The FCV-19S may benefit from adaptation for its use in nursing staff and in a future pandemic context.

The article examines the changes to Italian legislation on assisted reproductive technology (ART) resulting from rulings by Italian courts, highlighting unresolved ethical-legal issues and potential future regulatory approaches consistent with these decisions. Additionally, it addresses the amendment defining surrogacy as "universal crime", effective as of 18 November 2024. Through an analysis of decisions by the Constitutional Court and the Court of Cassation, it emerges that Law No. 40/2004 has been deemed unconstitutional in relation to the following: heterologous fertilization, the number of embryos that can be created, cryopreservation, the implantation of only healthy embryos, and access to ART for fertile couples. Controversial aspects include the fate of surplus embryos, access to ART for single individuals, and the recognition of parenthood for same-sex couples. The "universal crime" classification of surrogacy raises the possibility of legal consequences for individuals engaging in surrogacy abroad, even where it is lawful. Courts are unlikely to legislate on the allocation of surplus embryos without parliamentary intervention or to allow single individuals access to ART, given the perceived inconsistency with the child's best interests. However, case-by-case evaluations are essential for recognizing non-biological or non-genetic parents in same-sex relationships and for assessing the effectiveness of the universal crime approach in safeguarding rights and public health.

This study explored the relationship between the physical activity (PA) environment, nature affinity and wellbeing. An online survey was used incorporating the Nature-Relatedness Scale (NR-6), EQ-5D health questionnaire, WHO-5 wellbeing questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), with additional questions on PA environment and connection to place (n = 179). Statistical analyses were conducted using generalised linear mixed effects and quantile regression. PA in nature was correlated with wellbeing, with each additional bout of PA in nature associated with an increase in EQ-5D score of 3.13 and an increase in WHO-5 score of 5.62, (p = 0.0058, η_p² = 0.074; p < 0.0001, η_p² = 0.089, resp. (medium effect sizes)). PA indoors was also positively associated with physical and psychological wellbeing (p = 0.0192, η_p² ₌ 0.018; p = 0.0009, η_p² = 0.03, resp. (small effect sizes)), but PA in nature had a greater effect than PA indoors on both physical (p = 0.008) and psychological wellbeing (p = 0.001). There was a significant interaction between nature-relatedness and PA in nature on wellbeing (p = 0.0002), indicating a difference in the association between nature-relatedness and both physical and psychological wellbeing, i.e., there was a greater effect of PA in nature on wellbeing in those with greater nature-relatedness. Nature-relatedness was also associated with physical activity in nature (p ≤ 0.0001).

There has been increasing interest in the health and environmental benefits of the growth of local food, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. In the United States, local food and labels have many implications and attributes, such as organic, non-GMO, and reduced-chemical production. Therefore, consumers' purchase decisions and willingness to pay for local labels with sustainable attributes are heterogeneous. This study uses a consumer survey in Missouri to examine how differences and differentiations in health and environmental attitudes affect consumers' willingness to pay for local food. A discrete choice experiment and a structural equation model (SEM) were employed to measure how personal attitudes affect consumer's willingness to pay for local labels (typical label and state-grown). Results show that supportive attitudes toward local farms and farmers positively affect consumer preferences for locally labeled produce, but the premiums will be lower if they are more concerned about GMOs and pesticide residue in food. No evidence was found for the effects of general environmental attitudes on willingness to pay for local food.

Background: Raising children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has consistently been found to be challenging for parents. However, available studies have mainly focused on mothers, raising questions about fathers' involvement in raising children with ASD. Indeed, fathers' involvement has consistently been reported as fundamental to the development of children with ASD. Thus, it necessitates extensions of Western-dominated literature to novel contexts such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore the extent and predictors of fathers' participation in the nurturance of children living with ASD.

Methods: The survey was completed by 177 fathers raising children with ASD in the UAE and was based on the revised 27-item Fathers' Involvement in Development and Rehabilitation Scale. The Statistical Package for Social Science was used to compute means and perform a multivariate analysis of variance and hierarchical multiple regression.

Results: Fathers' ratings were high on involvement: attitude, support, and participation in training to assist their children with ASD. Also, support and participation in training significantly contributed to the variance in attitude towards children with ASD. Moreover, the place of residence of participants made a significant contribution to the variance in attitude towards children with ASD.

Conclusions: There is a need for policymakers to capitalize on the gains already made in creating a favorable environment for the development of children with ASD in the UAE. Regular engagement between policymakers and fathers could enhance their engagement in raising their children.