International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health最新文献

Bullying and cyberbullying are critical global issues that significantly affect the mental health and behavioral well-being of youth. This article explores the complex challenges posed by these forms of aggression and introduces a strength-based model for health and mental health professionals to address these issues with impacted youth holistically. Grounded within findings from a scoping review of the literature, the SHIELD framework emphasizes Strengths, Healing, Interventions, Empowerment, Learning, and Development, offering a comprehensive approach for identifying and supporting youth impacted by bullying and cyberbullying. SHIELD emphasizes collaboration among health professionals, schools, families, and communities. By integrating empirical evidence and best practices from school-based approaches to bullying prevention, such as Positive Behavioral Interventions and Support (PBIS) and Social and Emotional Learning (SEL), this framework provides a roadmap for creating safer, more inclusive environments for youth while prioritizing their mental health and overall well-being in the face of bullying and cyberbullying. A case study illustrates the framework's practical application and future directions are proposed to guide further empirical investigation and stimulate innovative approaches to addressing the complexities of bullying and cyberbullying.

The rapid growth of unconventional natural gas development (UNGD), also known as hydraulic fracturing, has raised concerns of potential exposures to hazardous chemicals. Few studies have examined the risk of childhood cancer from exposure to UNGD. A case-control study included 498 children diagnosed with leukemia, lymphoma, central nervous system neoplasms, and malignant bone tumors during the period 2010-2019 identified through the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. Cases were matched to controls using Pennsylvania birth records. For each subject, a new overall UNGD exposure metric was calculated which incorporates both spatial (proximity) and temporal (duration) aspects of well activity. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of combined and individual cancers by overall UNGD exposure, and well proximity. Children with a higher overall UNGD exposure (3rd/4th quartiles) had an increased risk for the four malignancies combined [OR] 1.69 (95% CI 1.01, 2.82) and 1.79 (95% CI 1.00, 3.19) compared to non-exposed children. Overall, individuals living within 0.5 miles of a UNGD site were 3.94 times (95% CI 1.66, 9.30) more likely to develop a malignancy compared to non-exposed children and the risk of lymphoma within 0.5 miles and 0.5-1 miles was also elevated [ORs of 5.05 (95% CI 1.09, 23.39) and 7.71 (95% CI 1.01, 59.00), respectively] compared to non-exposed. Our study found that overall UNGD cumulative activity as well as a proximity to UNGD wells were associated with an increased risk of childhood lymphoma and overall childhood cancers combined.

Physical activity (PA) should be an essential part of all children's lives, as it can promote physical and mental health, enhance general well-being, and positively impact learning outcomes. Schools offer an ideal setting to encourage physical activity during the school day, as nearly all children attend school. However, schools present a complex environment for implementing PA, and sedentary behavior is common in classroom teaching. This study explores the feasibility of two types of school-based physical activity interventions: one based on research in exercise and cognition (Run, Jump & Fun) and another grounded in embodied learning (Move & Learn). Run, Jump & Fun can be conceptualized as extra non-curricular physical activity implemented into the school day while Move & Learn is integrated into curricular time. The 8-week study involved third-grade students and their teachers from seven schools, with educational strategies applied to support adoption. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected before, during, and after the 8-week period. The results indicated that both interventions were feasible to implement, leading to a series of recommendations for further refinement. These recommendations can guide the development of future school-based PA interventions and inspire other researchers to assess and improve their implementation strategies.

Based on the theory of planned behavior, the objective was to test a theoretical model that explains the intention to continue practicing sports among adolescents currently involved in sports practice in Mexicali based on factors that generate perceived social pressure to be perfect (perceived descriptive norm) and that lead to internal factors of perceived control (perceived competence, general self-concept, and enjoyment). A battery of questionnaires that measured the study variables was applied to 195 adolescent athletes of both sexes. The causal model with observed variables rejected part of the hypothesis since the athletes' perception that their parents impose high performance expectations on them and that they criticize them when these expectations are not achieved was not associated with the athletes' perceived competence. Meanwhile, perceived coach pressure was positively associated with perceived competence, suggesting that it may be adaptive. This also suggests that perceived competence favors the intention to continue practicing sports both directly and indirectly through self-concept and enjoyment. In conclusion, boys involved in sports will have the intention to continue practicing if they perceive that their closest social references demand that they be perfect in the sport and when they perceive themselves to be able to do it effectively. Meanwhile, girls will have the intention to continue in sports practice if, in addition, they have a better general self-concept and enjoy the activity. Therefore, an important task for coaches, in order to encourage the continuation of sport in adolescents, is to promote the perception of qualities, skills and abilities toward sport.

Running outdoors is an increasingly popular form of physical activity and has been proven to substantially reduce the risk of major chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease. The topic of runnability has received considerable attention but with conflicting conclusions and remaining gaps. The physical environment and its features impact running experiences. Detecting features facilitating and deterring runners is crucial to promoting this physical activity and, therefore, overall health. A scoping review of current literature was conducted to identify environmental factors conducive to running. Online databases were used to identify all articles on runnability to date; a total of one hundred and two (n = 102) papers were selected as they identified environmental correlates preferred by runners. Findings include a preference for green spaces and connecting with nature, perceptions of higher safety away from traffic congestion and pollution, and routes with wide, smooth surfaces and high connectivity. Essentially, natural surroundings are substantially more desirable than urban settings. Studies have shown that even when a running route is within an urban environment, it is usually connected to or between green spaces.

Hispanic populations are disproportionately impacted by HPV-associated cancers. An HPV vaccine is available that protects against 90% of HPV-associated cancers. Understanding the factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake, including identifying whom individuals trust to recommend the HPV vaccine, is an important step toward developing public health interventions for promoting the HPV vaccine among Hispanic people. The purpose of this pilot study was to use a qualitative approach to identify trustworthy messengers to disseminate HPV vaccine information among Mexican American (MA) parents of children of 11-17 years of age. Three 90 min pilot focus groups with three to five participants in each group were conducted. The inclusion criteria included being 18 years of age or older, residing in El Paso, TX, identifying as MA, speaking English, and being a parent of a child between the ages of 11 and 17. Focus groups were conducted with 15 predominately female participants (M_age = 38.46, SD = 5.73; Female = 93.3%). A reoccurring theme throughout all three focus groups was that pediatricians, registered nurses, and pharmacists were identified as the most trusted sources of information. Findings from this study have implications for designing public health interventions that leverage pediatricians, registered nurses, and pharmacists to promote the HPV vaccine among parents.

Evidence indicates a difference between men and women in oral anticoagulation control, but the results were discrepant. This study investigated the association of sex with oral anticoagulation control in patients on warfarin assisted by anticoagulation clinics (ACs) in Brazil. The cross-sectional study included patients on warfarin recruited at three public ACs in southeast Brazil (2014-2015). The quality of oral anticoagulation was estimated by the time in therapeutic range (TTR). Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were built to examine the association of sociodemographic, behavior, clinical, and drug therapy variables with TTR. Overall, 801 participants were studied (455; 56.8% women), with a mean age of 65.0 (13.4) years. The female sex was associated with lower TTR than the male sex (Beta (95% CI) = -17.01 (-30.25; -3.76), p = 0.012), however, this difference decreased with increasing age, becoming null after age 60. Smoking patients had a lower TTR than non-smokers (-5.18 (-10.02; -0.34), p = 0.036). The results showed that the association of sex with oral anticoagulation control is dependent on age. Women have lower TTR than men, but this difference is null in older patients. Knowledge of these factors may be useful for developing strategies to improve care for these patients.

Background: Effectively managing emotional demands in the workplace is crucial in professions such as healthcare, education, and social work. Recent studies indicate that the psychosocial safety climate within an organization can significantly mitigate the negative effects associated with high emotional demands.

Method: This study examines whether psychosocial safety climate is associated with six practical strategies for managing emotional demands that have previously been found to be associated with less burnout. It utilizes longitudinal data from 1457 participants across 129 different workplaces in various emotionally demanding professions. The associations were analyzed using linear regression and Poisson regression techniques. All analyses incorporated cluster-robust standard errors to account for potential dependencies arising from respondents sharing the same workplace.

Results: The results indicate that higher levels of psychosocial safety climate are significantly associated with the availability of practical strategies. Furthermore, the incidence rate of receiving multiple types of support increases significantly for each point increase in psychosocial safety. Additionally, these relationships remain consistent even under high work demands.

Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of fostering a psychosocial safety climate and increasing the availability of practical strategies to manage emotional demands in the workplace. This approach may safeguard employee well-being in high-demand professions.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a serious global health challenge, accounting for 74% of all deaths worldwide, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately affected. These challenges are further exacerbated in humanitarian settings, particularly among forcibly displaced people (FDP). Despite the critical need for NCD management in these populations, their epidemiology remains poorly understood. This highlights an urgent research priority to address knowledge gaps and improve their health outcomes.

Methods: In this research, we conducted a systematic mapping review to aggregate and categorize existing publications on NCDs among FDP. Literature searches were performed across five electronic databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Global Index Medicus, and Google Scholar, using predefined criteria related to target populations, research domains, and study design. The evidence was systematically coded and analyzed to assess the current research status on NCDs among FDP.

Results: A total of 310 publications were included in the review. The findings indicate an increasing trend in publications on NCDs among FDP since 2014. In contrast, most studies revealed low evidence levels. Disease-specific research primarily focused on diabetes mellitus (DM) (26.4%) and hypertension (19.8%), addressing health status (43.1%) and health policy (32.0%). Studies mainly concentrated on Syrian (45.5%) and Palestinian (18.9%) refugees, with limited research on other countries and types of FDP. Funding sources were mostly governmental (23.1%) and philanthropic foundations (17.6%), although many studies were unfunded (26.2%).

Conclusions: This is the first systematic mapping review on NCDs among FDP. The findings revealed both current knowledge areas of focus and gaps. Although the research quantity has increased, the evidence quality remains low. The retrieved studies predominantly focused on DM and hypertension among Syrian and Palestinian refugees, causing significant knowledge gaps regarding other geographical areas and types of FDP. Future research should prioritize higher-quality studies, expand the geographical scope, and include diverse types of FDP.

Given rising mental health concerns among Pacific Islander (PI) adolescents, this population remains underserved by available mental health resources. This interpretative phenomenological analysis with focus groups (IPA-FG) examined the lived experiences and perceptions of 19 male PI adolescents (ages 14-16) from Native Hawaiian, Maori, Samoan, and Tongan backgrounds regarding mental health help-seeking behaviors. Four overarching themes emerged: stigma and judgment, cultural misalignment in professional services, impact of disclosure and perceived punitive consequences, and a complex ecosystem of trusted relationships as mental health support. Notably, participants expressed belief that disclosing mental health challenges would "ruin their lives" and held misconceptions about adults' ability to address mental health concerns. These findings are particularly significant given high suicidality rates among PI adolescents. This study provides insights for developing culturally responsive mental health interventions and highlights the urgent need to address mental health stigma within PI communities. Implications for practice are discussed.