Kelly Baek, Christi Bell, Susanne B Montgomery, Larry Ortiz, Akinchita Kumar, Qais Alemi
There is limited research on the factors that impact mental distress among Korean American (KA) church leaders even though their unique social situation can create many barriers to seeking mental health assistance. This study compared factors impacting mental distress and help-seeking behaviors between KA church leaders (CLs) and church members (CMs) in the greater Los Angeles area. The respondents (N = 243) were mostly female, married, educated, first-generation immigrants with a mean age of 47.9 years (SD = 19.7). The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 10 was used to measure anxiety and depression. Hierarchal linear regressions showed that health status exerted the strongest effect on both anxiety and depression among CLs and CMs. Beyond health status, education (only for depression), informal resource use, and resiliency impacted mental distress scores for CLs. Only resiliency and religious coping predicted depression scores among CMs. To effectively reach this population, community-based organizations and behavioral health specialists should consider collaborating with churches to promote and provide essential mental health support. Our findings also highlight that the needs of church leaders (CLs) and church members (CMs) differ, which should guide the development of culturally tailored interventions that build on the resilience of both groups.
{"title":"Community-Based Mental Health Challenges and Implications: Examining Factors Influencing Distress and Help-Seeking Behaviors among Korean American Church Leaders and Members in Greater Los Angeles.","authors":"Kelly Baek, Christi Bell, Susanne B Montgomery, Larry Ortiz, Akinchita Kumar, Qais Alemi","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21081094","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijerph21081094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is limited research on the factors that impact mental distress among Korean American (KA) church leaders even though their unique social situation can create many barriers to seeking mental health assistance. This study compared factors impacting mental distress and help-seeking behaviors between KA church leaders (CLs) and church members (CMs) in the greater Los Angeles area. The respondents (<i>N</i> = 243) were mostly female, married, educated, first-generation immigrants with a mean age of 47.9 years (<i>SD</i> = 19.7). The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 10 was used to measure anxiety and depression. Hierarchal linear regressions showed that health status exerted the strongest effect on both anxiety and depression among CLs and CMs. Beyond health status, education (only for depression), informal resource use, and resiliency impacted mental distress scores for CLs. Only resiliency and religious coping predicted depression scores among CMs. To effectively reach this population, community-based organizations and behavioral health specialists should consider collaborating with churches to promote and provide essential mental health support. Our findings also highlight that the needs of church leaders (CLs) and church members (CMs) differ, which should guide the development of culturally tailored interventions that build on the resilience of both groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila Evangelista de Sousa Campelo, Cynthia Roberta Dias Torres Silva, Rejane Corrêa Marques, Ana Maria Ribeiro Dos Santos, Nathaly Marques Santos Machado, Márcia Teles de Oliveira Gouveia
Context: The Qualineo Strategy is an effective measure for reducing neonatal mortality in regions with the highest death rates. In addition, it is a relevant Brazilian tool for strengthening teamwork and neonatal assistance. This study aims to analyze the predictors of neonatal death in the indicators of care provided by the Qualineo Strategy at a reference maternity hospital in Piauí, in the years 2021 to 2022.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of 1856 newborn records. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to assess the association between the variables; a predictive regression model was used to identify the variables that predict neonatal mortality.
Results: There was a significant association between all neonatal variables and the outcome of death (p < 0.05). The predictor variables for death in term newborns were the use of drugs by the mother and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. For premature newborns, the predictor variables were, as follows: the use of cannula ventilation, an Apgar score in the 1st minute <7; and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Conclusions: The results will make it possible to visualize better strategies for the reality analyzed and reinforce the importance of prenatal care.
{"title":"Qualineo Strategy Indicators Associated with Neonatal Death: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Camila Evangelista de Sousa Campelo, Cynthia Roberta Dias Torres Silva, Rejane Corrêa Marques, Ana Maria Ribeiro Dos Santos, Nathaly Marques Santos Machado, Márcia Teles de Oliveira Gouveia","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21081096","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijerph21081096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The Qualineo Strategy is an effective measure for reducing neonatal mortality in regions with the highest death rates. In addition, it is a relevant Brazilian tool for strengthening teamwork and neonatal assistance. This study aims to analyze the predictors of neonatal death in the indicators of care provided by the Qualineo Strategy at a reference maternity hospital in Piauí, in the years 2021 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of 1856 newborn records. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to assess the association between the variables; a predictive regression model was used to identify the variables that predict neonatal mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant association between all neonatal variables and the outcome of death (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The predictor variables for death in term newborns were the use of drugs by the mother and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. For premature newborns, the predictor variables were, as follows: the use of cannula ventilation, an Apgar score in the 1st minute <7; and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results will make it possible to visualize better strategies for the reality analyzed and reinforce the importance of prenatal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 21st century, climate change has emerged as a critical global public health challenge. Women experience the most severe impacts of climate change, intensifying pre-existing gender inequalities. This scoping review aims to explore the intersection of climate change, health, and gender, considering the social determinants of health. The methods for this review follow the Arksey and O'Malley framework for a scoping review and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The review, covering January 2019 to February 2024, included PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases. We identified 71 studies with 19 meeting the inclusion criteria. The results revealed the differential effects of climate change on health according to gender in areas such as mental health, reproductive health, gender-based violence, occupational health, and health issues associated with heat and air pollution. Our findings also elucidated how socio-economic and gender inequities intersect, exacerbating the risk of experiencing these effects. In conclusion, the study highlights a clear need for gender-sensitive climate policies and interventions to address these disparities and protect vulnerable populations from the health impacts of climate change.
{"title":"Gender Inequities in the Impact of Climate Change on Health: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Melina Denise Zavala, Cintia Cejas, Adolfo Rubinstein, Analia Lopez","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21081093","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijerph21081093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the 21st century, climate change has emerged as a critical global public health challenge. Women experience the most severe impacts of climate change, intensifying pre-existing gender inequalities. This scoping review aims to explore the intersection of climate change, health, and gender, considering the social determinants of health. The methods for this review follow the Arksey and O'Malley framework for a scoping review and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The review, covering January 2019 to February 2024, included PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases. We identified 71 studies with 19 meeting the inclusion criteria. The results revealed the differential effects of climate change on health according to gender in areas such as mental health, reproductive health, gender-based violence, occupational health, and health issues associated with heat and air pollution. Our findings also elucidated how socio-economic and gender inequities intersect, exacerbating the risk of experiencing these effects. In conclusion, the study highlights a clear need for gender-sensitive climate policies and interventions to address these disparities and protect vulnerable populations from the health impacts of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vinícius Montaguti Farinha, Edilson Fernando de Borba, Poliana Piovezana Dos Santos, Anderson Zampier Ulbrich, Evaldo José Ferreira Ribeiro, Marcus Peikriszwili Tartaruga
Firefighting requires a high level of physical fitness and causes substantial psychological stress, engendering musculoskeletal, mental, and cardiac issues. Consequently, it is necessary to measure the preparation of the firefighters daily through the Firefighting Physical Ability Tests (FPATs). According to the literature, some variables are more important for performance in the FPAT. Therefore, we aimed to summarize evidence that relates physical and mental aspects to the FPAT performance. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method, screening 1055 records from databases and selecting 15 that met inclusion criteria. No emotional and psychological variables were correlated with the FPAT. Most research shows significant correlations between the FPAT performance and the following: aerobic fitness, upper body endurance and strength, anaerobic capacity, body fat, and age. Lower body endurance and strength, as well as anaerobic power, had a low number of investigations and need to be further explored. Abdominal endurance showed weak correlations, while flexibility did not show any correlations in most studies, although these should be considered for injury prevention. We recommend that fitness programs and evaluations include a global analysis considering the evidence presented for methodological improvements.
{"title":"Association of Physical and Emotional Parameters with Performance of Firefighters: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Vinícius Montaguti Farinha, Edilson Fernando de Borba, Poliana Piovezana Dos Santos, Anderson Zampier Ulbrich, Evaldo José Ferreira Ribeiro, Marcus Peikriszwili Tartaruga","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21081097","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijerph21081097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Firefighting requires a high level of physical fitness and causes substantial psychological stress, engendering musculoskeletal, mental, and cardiac issues. Consequently, it is necessary to measure the preparation of the firefighters daily through the Firefighting Physical Ability Tests (FPATs). According to the literature, some variables are more important for performance in the FPAT. Therefore, we aimed to summarize evidence that relates physical and mental aspects to the FPAT performance. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method, screening 1055 records from databases and selecting 15 that met inclusion criteria. No emotional and psychological variables were correlated with the FPAT. Most research shows significant correlations between the FPAT performance and the following: aerobic fitness, upper body endurance and strength, anaerobic capacity, body fat, and age. Lower body endurance and strength, as well as anaerobic power, had a low number of investigations and need to be further explored. Abdominal endurance showed weak correlations, while flexibility did not show any correlations in most studies, although these should be considered for injury prevention. We recommend that fitness programs and evaluations include a global analysis considering the evidence presented for methodological improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding COVID-19's effects on susceptible populations remains essential for clinical implementations. Our review aimed to examine whether the pandemic significantly impacted the stress levels in the mothers of premature infants in NICUs. The review of the literature from Google Scholar and PubMed resulted in identifying specific stressors such as the disruption of healthcare systems, limited access to neonatal care, uncertainty due to frequent changes in restrictions, the risk of COVID-19 infection, social isolation, and financial stress. While some quantitative studies concerning this topic did not show a significant increase in the perception of stress in this population compared to the pre-pandemic group, various research has indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic may result in enduring impacts on the emotional and neurological development of children. This article demonstrates a correlation between the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic and an elevated incidence of depressive symptoms among the mothers of premature infants. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of pandemic-induced stress.
{"title":"Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect the Stress Levels among the Mothers of Premature Infants? A Narrative Review of the Present State of Knowledge, Prevention Strategies, and Future Directions.","authors":"Agata Trześniowska, Emilia Wagner, Alicja Ściseł, Kinga Szymańska, Karol Szyprowski, Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21081095","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijerph21081095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding COVID-19's effects on susceptible populations remains essential for clinical implementations. Our review aimed to examine whether the pandemic significantly impacted the stress levels in the mothers of premature infants in NICUs. The review of the literature from Google Scholar and PubMed resulted in identifying specific stressors such as the disruption of healthcare systems, limited access to neonatal care, uncertainty due to frequent changes in restrictions, the risk of COVID-19 infection, social isolation, and financial stress. While some quantitative studies concerning this topic did not show a significant increase in the perception of stress in this population compared to the pre-pandemic group, various research has indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic may result in enduring impacts on the emotional and neurological development of children. This article demonstrates a correlation between the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic and an elevated incidence of depressive symptoms among the mothers of premature infants. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of pandemic-induced stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Esteban-Cledera, Carlo Alberto Bissacco, Meritxell Pallejá-Millán, Marcela Villalobos, Felipe Villalobos
During the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines, concerns emerged about potential adverse effects on menstrual health. This study examines the association between COVID-19 vaccination-considering the number of doses and vaccine type-and menstrual disorders, specifically heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and amenorrhea (AM). Utilizing electronic health records from the Sistema d'Informació per al Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP) database in Catalonia, Spain, the retrospective cohort included 1,172,621 vaccinated women aged 12-55 with no prior menstrual disorders observed from 27 December 2020 to 30 June 2023. The incidence rate of HMB and AM increased with the second and third doses of the vaccine. Notably, the AstraZeneca® and Janssen® vaccines were associated with higher odds of HMB (OR: 1.765, CI: 1.527-2.033; OR: 2.155, CI: 1.873-2.476, respectively) and AM (OR: 1.623, CI: 1.416-1.854; OR: 1.989, CI: 1.740-2.269, respectively) from the first to the second dose compared to Pfizer/BioNTech®. Conversely, the Moderna® vaccine appeared to offer a protective effect against HMB (OR: 0.852, CI: 0.771-0.939) and AM (OR: 0.861, CI: 0.790-0.937) between the second and third doses. These results were adjusted for potential confounders, such as age, previous COVID-19 infection, and other relevant covariates.
在 COVID-19 疫苗的快速开发过程中,人们开始担心其对月经健康的潜在不良影响。本研究探讨了接种 COVID-19 疫苗(考虑接种剂量和疫苗类型)与月经失调(尤其是月经过多 (HMB) 和闭经 (AM) )之间的关系。这项回顾性队列研究利用西班牙加泰罗尼亚地区Sistema d'Informació per al Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP)数据库中的电子健康记录,纳入了1,172,621名年龄在12-55岁之间、在2020年12月27日至2023年6月30日期间未出现月经紊乱的接种过疫苗的女性。HMB和AM的发病率随着第二剂和第三剂疫苗的接种而增加。值得注意的是,与辉瑞/BioNTech®相比,阿斯利康®和杨森®疫苗从第一剂到第二剂的HMB(OR:1.765,CI:1.527-2.033;OR:2.155,CI:1.873-2.476)和AM(OR:1.623,CI:1.416-1.854;OR:1.989,CI:1.740-2.269)发生几率更高。相反,Moderna®疫苗在第二剂和第三剂之间似乎对HMB(OR:0.852,CI:0.771-0.939)和AM(OR:0.861,CI:0.790-0.937)具有保护作用。这些结果已根据潜在的混杂因素(如年龄、既往 COVID-19 感染情况及其他相关协变量)进行了调整。
{"title":"Association between COVID-19 Vaccines and Menstrual Disorders: Retrospective Cohort Study of Women Aged 12-55 Years Old in Catalonia, Spain.","authors":"Laura Esteban-Cledera, Carlo Alberto Bissacco, Meritxell Pallejá-Millán, Marcela Villalobos, Felipe Villalobos","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21081090","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijerph21081090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines, concerns emerged about potential adverse effects on menstrual health. This study examines the association between COVID-19 vaccination-considering the number of doses and vaccine type-and menstrual disorders, specifically heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and amenorrhea (AM). Utilizing electronic health records from the Sistema d'Informació per al Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP) database in Catalonia, Spain, the retrospective cohort included 1,172,621 vaccinated women aged 12-55 with no prior menstrual disorders observed from 27 December 2020 to 30 June 2023. The incidence rate of HMB and AM increased with the second and third doses of the vaccine. Notably, the AstraZeneca<sup>®</sup> and Janssen<sup>®</sup> vaccines were associated with higher odds of HMB (OR: 1.765, CI: 1.527-2.033; OR: 2.155, CI: 1.873-2.476, respectively) and AM (OR: 1.623, CI: 1.416-1.854; OR: 1.989, CI: 1.740-2.269, respectively) from the first to the second dose compared to Pfizer/BioNTech<sup>®</sup>. Conversely, the Moderna<sup>®</sup> vaccine appeared to offer a protective effect against HMB (OR: 0.852, CI: 0.771-0.939) and AM (OR: 0.861, CI: 0.790-0.937) between the second and third doses. These results were adjusted for potential confounders, such as age, previous COVID-19 infection, and other relevant covariates.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jos Boer, Nynke Boonstra, Linda Kronenberg, Ruben Stekelenburg, Bram Sizoo
Background: Eye contact is one of the most fundamental forms of interhuman communication. However, to date, there has been no comprehensive research comparing how eye contact is made and interpreted in all possible populations worldwide. This study presents a summary of the existing literature on these modalities stratified to social categorizations and psychiatric disorders.
Method: A scoping review with critical appraisal of the literature according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Databases AnthroSource, Medline, CINAHL, the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (EBSCO) and PsychInfo were searched.
Results: 7068 articles were screened for both the grey literature and reference lists, of which 385 were included, 282 for social categorizations and 103 for psychiatric disorders. In total, 603 thematic clustered outcomes of variations were included. Methodological quality was generally moderate to good.
Conclusions: There is a great degree of variation in the presentation and interpretation of eye contact between and within populations. It remains unclear why specific variations occur in populations. Additionally, no gold standard for how eye contact should be used or interpreted emerged from the studies. Further research into the reason for differences in eye contact between and within populations is recommended.
{"title":"Variations in the Appearance and Interpretation of Interpersonal Eye Contact in Social Categorizations and Psychiatric Populations Worldwide: A Scoping Review with a Critical Appraisal of the Literature.","authors":"Jos Boer, Nynke Boonstra, Linda Kronenberg, Ruben Stekelenburg, Bram Sizoo","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21081092","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijerph21081092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eye contact is one of the most fundamental forms of interhuman communication. However, to date, there has been no comprehensive research comparing how eye contact is made and interpreted in all possible populations worldwide. This study presents a summary of the existing literature on these modalities stratified to social categorizations and psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A scoping review with critical appraisal of the literature according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Databases AnthroSource, Medline, CINAHL, the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (EBSCO) and PsychInfo were searched.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>7068 articles were screened for both the grey literature and reference lists, of which 385 were included, 282 for social categorizations and 103 for psychiatric disorders. In total, 603 thematic clustered outcomes of variations were included. Methodological quality was generally moderate to good.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a great degree of variation in the presentation and interpretation of eye contact between and within populations. It remains unclear why specific variations occur in populations. Additionally, no gold standard for how eye contact should be used or interpreted emerged from the studies. Further research into the reason for differences in eye contact between and within populations is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pier Mario Perrone, Marina Picca, Romeo Carrozzo, Carlo Virginio Agostoni, Paola Marchisio, Gregorio Paolo Milani, Silvana Castaldi
Background: Antimicrobial resistance represents one of the most significant future health challenges in terms of both clinical and economic impacts on healthcare systems. The reason behind this issue is the misuse of antibiotics for the treatment of non-bacterial pathologies. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors underlying antibiotic prescription in pediatricians in the Lombardy region.
Methods: The study was conducted by means of a 32-item questionnaire that investigated both pediatricians' knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and the factors determining the choice to prescribe antibiotic therapy.
Results: A total of 253 pediatricians participated in the survey. Most participants (71.6%) reported as highly relevant the need for a national plan against AMR. However, approximately half of the respondents declared the phenomenon of AMR as uncommon in pediatric settings. Among the identified associated factors, diagnostic uncertainty was associated with a stronger fear of legal repercussions and the influence of parental pressure when prescribing antibiotics.
Conclusions: The inability to diagnose the bacterial origin of an infection might be the primary driver of prescribing choices, rather than other non-clinical factors, such as parental demands or a fear of lawsuits.
{"title":"Factors behind Antibiotic Therapy: A Survey of Primary Care Pediatricians in Lombardy.","authors":"Pier Mario Perrone, Marina Picca, Romeo Carrozzo, Carlo Virginio Agostoni, Paola Marchisio, Gregorio Paolo Milani, Silvana Castaldi","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21081091","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijerph21081091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance represents one of the most significant future health challenges in terms of both clinical and economic impacts on healthcare systems. The reason behind this issue is the misuse of antibiotics for the treatment of non-bacterial pathologies. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors underlying antibiotic prescription in pediatricians in the Lombardy region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted by means of a 32-item questionnaire that investigated both pediatricians' knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and the factors determining the choice to prescribe antibiotic therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 253 pediatricians participated in the survey. Most participants (71.6%) reported as highly relevant the need for a national plan against AMR. However, approximately half of the respondents declared the phenomenon of AMR as uncommon in pediatric settings. Among the identified associated factors, diagnostic uncertainty was associated with a stronger fear of legal repercussions and the influence of parental pressure when prescribing antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The inability to diagnose the bacterial origin of an infection might be the primary driver of prescribing choices, rather than other non-clinical factors, such as parental demands or a fear of lawsuits.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced air treatment systems have the potential to reduce airborne infection risk, improve indoor air quality (IAQ) and reduce energy consumption, but few studies reported practical implementation and performance. PlasmaShield®, an advanced multi-modal HVAC-integrated system, was directly compared with a standard MERV-13 system in a post-surgical paediatric healthcare setting. The evaluation entailed monitoring of multi-size airborne particles, bioaerosols and key IAQ parameters. Measurements were taken for outside air, supply air and air in the occupied space for 3 days prior to, and after, the installation of the PlasmaShield system. Compared with the existing arrangement, very significant reductions in particle number concentrations were observed in the occupied space, especially with virus-like submicron particles. Significant reductions in airborne culturable bacteria and fungi were observed in the supply air, with more modest reductions in the occupied space. In the case of virus-like particles, there was an eight-fold improvement in equivalent clean air, suggesting a five-fold infection risk reduction for long-range exposure. The data suggest multiple benefits of airborne particle and bioaerosol reduction, with applications beyond healthcare. Long-term studies are recommended to confirm the combined IAQ, health and energy benefits.
{"title":"Relative Health Risk Reduction from an Advanced Multi-Modal Air Purification System: Evaluation in a Post-Surgical Healthcare Setting.","authors":"Dino Pisaniello, Monika Nitschke","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21081089","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijerph21081089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced air treatment systems have the potential to reduce airborne infection risk, improve indoor air quality (IAQ) and reduce energy consumption, but few studies reported practical implementation and performance. PlasmaShield<sup>®</sup>, an advanced multi-modal HVAC-integrated system, was directly compared with a standard MERV-13 system in a post-surgical paediatric healthcare setting. The evaluation entailed monitoring of multi-size airborne particles, bioaerosols and key IAQ parameters. Measurements were taken for outside air, supply air and air in the occupied space for 3 days prior to, and after, the installation of the PlasmaShield system. Compared with the existing arrangement, very significant reductions in particle number concentrations were observed in the occupied space, especially with virus-like submicron particles. Significant reductions in airborne culturable bacteria and fungi were observed in the supply air, with more modest reductions in the occupied space. In the case of virus-like particles, there was an eight-fold improvement in equivalent clean air, suggesting a five-fold infection risk reduction for long-range exposure. The data suggest multiple benefits of airborne particle and bioaerosol reduction, with applications beyond healthcare. Long-term studies are recommended to confirm the combined IAQ, health and energy benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catherine M Pichardo, Adaora Ezeani, Laura A Dwyer, Anil Wali, Susan Czajkowski, Linda Nebeling, Tanya Agurs-Collins
Structural racism has been identified as a fundamental cause of health disparities. For example, racial, ethnic, and economic neighborhood segregation; concentrated poverty; community disinvestment; and sociocultural context influence obesity and cancer disparities. Effects of structural racism are also evident through neighborhood obesogenic conditions such as limited access to affordable and healthy foods and physical activity opportunities within segregated communities that contribute to obesity and obesity-related cancer disparities. This article describes and expands on cross-cutting themes raised during a webinar held by the National Cancer Institute (NCI): (1) how structural factors, including neighborhood segregation and obesogenic conditions within racial and ethnic disadvantaged communities, influence disparities in the United States; (2) current research challenges and best ways to address them; and (3) selected priorities of the NCI aimed at addressing multilevel and intersecting factors that influence obesity-related cancer disparities. Further research is needed to understand how residential segregation and neighborhood obesogenic conditions influence cancer prevention and control across the continuum. Identifying the best approaches to address obesity and cancer disparities using social determinants of health framework and community-engaged approaches guided by a structural racism lens will allow researchers to move beyond individual-level approaches.
{"title":"Structural Racism and Obesity-Related Cancer Inequities in the United States: Challenges and Research Priorities.","authors":"Catherine M Pichardo, Adaora Ezeani, Laura A Dwyer, Anil Wali, Susan Czajkowski, Linda Nebeling, Tanya Agurs-Collins","doi":"10.3390/ijerph21081085","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijerph21081085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Structural racism has been identified as a fundamental cause of health disparities. For example, racial, ethnic, and economic neighborhood segregation; concentrated poverty; community disinvestment; and sociocultural context influence obesity and cancer disparities. Effects of structural racism are also evident through neighborhood obesogenic conditions such as limited access to affordable and healthy foods and physical activity opportunities within segregated communities that contribute to obesity and obesity-related cancer disparities. This article describes and expands on cross-cutting themes raised during a webinar held by the National Cancer Institute (NCI): (1) how structural factors, including neighborhood segregation and obesogenic conditions within racial and ethnic disadvantaged communities, influence disparities in the United States; (2) current research challenges and best ways to address them; and (3) selected priorities of the NCI aimed at addressing multilevel and intersecting factors that influence obesity-related cancer disparities. Further research is needed to understand how residential segregation and neighborhood obesogenic conditions influence cancer prevention and control across the continuum. Identifying the best approaches to address obesity and cancer disparities using social determinants of health framework and community-engaged approaches guided by a structural racism lens will allow researchers to move beyond individual-level approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":49056,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11354931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}