Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2021.2007744
Michael J. Spear, Petra A. Wakker, Thomas P. Shannon, R. Lowe, L. Burlakova, A. Karatayev, M. J. Vander Zanden
ABSTRACT In the context-dependent world of biological invasions, biologists understand few general patterns of spread and impact. One possible exception is the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), an invader that routinely restructures food webs through an ecosystem engineering process termed “benthification.” By efficiently consuming phytoplankton, zebra mussels can increase light penetration and nutrient concentrations in the benthos of a lake, thereby stimulating growth of benthic periphyton (phytobenthos) and macroinvertebrates (zoobenthos). Few studies monitor the response of these benthic communities to invasion. We documented early changes in phytobenthos and zoobenthos as zebra mussels invaded eutrophic Lake Mendota (Wisconsin, USA). From 2015 to 2018, the number of zebra mussel individuals reached densities >30 000 m−2 on hard substrates and 3000 m−2 in macrophyte beds. Community data showed classic signs of benthification, including 300% increases in (non-zebra mussel) zoobenthos and phytobenthos abundance on average across a depth gradient, including significant increases at depths where zebra mussels did colonize. Deep macrophyte biomass increased 900%, but water clarity showed no significant rapid increase. We speculate that nutrient enrichment may be more strongly responsible than increased light penetration for the benthic response of Lake Mendota. Continued integration of benthic production and processes into our study of lake ecosystems will be critical to understanding whole ecosystem function, especially as zebra mussels continue to “benthify” lakes within their invaded range.
{"title":"Early changes in the benthic community of a eutrophic lake following zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion","authors":"Michael J. Spear, Petra A. Wakker, Thomas P. Shannon, R. Lowe, L. Burlakova, A. Karatayev, M. J. Vander Zanden","doi":"10.1080/20442041.2021.2007744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2021.2007744","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the context-dependent world of biological invasions, biologists understand few general patterns of spread and impact. One possible exception is the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), an invader that routinely restructures food webs through an ecosystem engineering process termed “benthification.” By efficiently consuming phytoplankton, zebra mussels can increase light penetration and nutrient concentrations in the benthos of a lake, thereby stimulating growth of benthic periphyton (phytobenthos) and macroinvertebrates (zoobenthos). Few studies monitor the response of these benthic communities to invasion. We documented early changes in phytobenthos and zoobenthos as zebra mussels invaded eutrophic Lake Mendota (Wisconsin, USA). From 2015 to 2018, the number of zebra mussel individuals reached densities >30 000 m−2 on hard substrates and 3000 m−2 in macrophyte beds. Community data showed classic signs of benthification, including 300% increases in (non-zebra mussel) zoobenthos and phytobenthos abundance on average across a depth gradient, including significant increases at depths where zebra mussels did colonize. Deep macrophyte biomass increased 900%, but water clarity showed no significant rapid increase. We speculate that nutrient enrichment may be more strongly responsible than increased light penetration for the benthic response of Lake Mendota. Continued integration of benthic production and processes into our study of lake ecosystems will be critical to understanding whole ecosystem function, especially as zebra mussels continue to “benthify” lakes within their invaded range.","PeriodicalId":49061,"journal":{"name":"Inland Waters","volume":"12 1","pages":"311 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46204004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2021.2009310
S. Sánchez-Carrillo, J. Alcocer, Mariana Vargas-Sánchez, Ismael Soria-Reinoso, Erika M. Rivera-Herrera, Daniela Cortés-Guzmán, Daniel Cuevas-Lara, Andrea P. Guzmán-Arias, M. Merino-Ibarra, L. Oseguera
ABSTRACT The traditional upscaling approach to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission estimates of inland waters is imprecise, but more precise methods based on environmental drivers are a longstanding challenge. Mexico lacks GHG emission estimates for its inland waters, and only sparse but scientifically validated information is available. This study provides the first GHG emission estimates from Mexican inland waters using 4275 GHG flux measurements from 26 distinctive waterbodies and one local and another global surface area dataset (INEGI and HydroLAKES). GHG emission factors were calculated and subsequently upscaled to estimate total national GHG emissions from the inland waters and compare to other emission measures based on mean global emission factors or size-productivity weighted (SPW) models. Mean (standard error) annual fluxes from all inland waters were 2.2 (5.3) kg CO2 m−2 yr−1, 0.6 (1.14) kg CH4 m−2 yr−1, and 1.0 × 10−3 (6.0 × 10−4) kg N2O m−2 yr−1. Estimates for natural waterbodies are annual average release rates between 74 (87) and 139 (163.23) Tg CO2eq while artificial waterbodies reach between 32 (2) and 21 (21) Tg CO2eq according to INEGI and HydroLAKES datasets, respectively. Considerable uncertainty was determined in the calculated mean emission factor, mostly for anthropogenic emissions. Waterbody area and chlorophyll a concentration were used as proxies to model CO2 and CH4 fluxes through regression analysis. According to SPW and IPCC models, computed mean annual CH4 emission factors were close to our estimates and exhibited a strong influence from eutrophication. In a likely scenario of increased eutrophication in Mexico, an increase in total net emissions from inland waters could be expected.
{"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions from Mexican inland waters: first estimation and uncertainty using an upscaling approach","authors":"S. Sánchez-Carrillo, J. Alcocer, Mariana Vargas-Sánchez, Ismael Soria-Reinoso, Erika M. Rivera-Herrera, Daniela Cortés-Guzmán, Daniel Cuevas-Lara, Andrea P. Guzmán-Arias, M. Merino-Ibarra, L. Oseguera","doi":"10.1080/20442041.2021.2009310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2021.2009310","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The traditional upscaling approach to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission estimates of inland waters is imprecise, but more precise methods based on environmental drivers are a longstanding challenge. Mexico lacks GHG emission estimates for its inland waters, and only sparse but scientifically validated information is available. This study provides the first GHG emission estimates from Mexican inland waters using 4275 GHG flux measurements from 26 distinctive waterbodies and one local and another global surface area dataset (INEGI and HydroLAKES). GHG emission factors were calculated and subsequently upscaled to estimate total national GHG emissions from the inland waters and compare to other emission measures based on mean global emission factors or size-productivity weighted (SPW) models. Mean (standard error) annual fluxes from all inland waters were 2.2 (5.3) kg CO2 m−2 yr−1, 0.6 (1.14) kg CH4 m−2 yr−1, and 1.0 × 10−3 (6.0 × 10−4) kg N2O m−2 yr−1. Estimates for natural waterbodies are annual average release rates between 74 (87) and 139 (163.23) Tg CO2eq while artificial waterbodies reach between 32 (2) and 21 (21) Tg CO2eq according to INEGI and HydroLAKES datasets, respectively. Considerable uncertainty was determined in the calculated mean emission factor, mostly for anthropogenic emissions. Waterbody area and chlorophyll a concentration were used as proxies to model CO2 and CH4 fluxes through regression analysis. According to SPW and IPCC models, computed mean annual CH4 emission factors were close to our estimates and exhibited a strong influence from eutrophication. In a likely scenario of increased eutrophication in Mexico, an increase in total net emissions from inland waters could be expected.","PeriodicalId":49061,"journal":{"name":"Inland Waters","volume":"12 1","pages":"294 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48406755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2022.2040406
A. Parparov, G. Gal
ABSTRACT Changes in composition of phytoplankton communities cause drastic changes in functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we hypothesized that the shifts in composition of the phytoplankton community of Lake Kinneret induced notable shifts in the relationship between primary production and decomposition of organic matter in the lake ecosystem. To test this, we created an approach based on a statistical analysis of long-term dynamics of diversity indices and their relationships with potential perturbations: changes in lake water level, nutrient loads, and annual average epilimnetic temperature. Biodiversity of the algal community was estimated using Simpson’s Diversity Index and community-weighted mean trait value (functional diversity index). Specific community respiration and photosynthesis assimilation number were considered as the functional traits characterizing the role of phytoplankton in cycling organic matter. The observed temporal trends in the diversity indices provided estimates of the shift in the biotic community from large, relatively faster aerobic decomposing and slower photosynthesizing producers towards slower aerobic decomposing and faster photosynthesizing producers. These trends were confirmed by the results of direct determination of community respiration and (indirectly) by the reduced microbial activity in the epilimnetic waters of the lake.
{"title":"The effects of changes in diversity on phytoplankton community metabolism","authors":"A. Parparov, G. Gal","doi":"10.1080/20442041.2022.2040406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2040406","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Changes in composition of phytoplankton communities cause drastic changes in functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we hypothesized that the shifts in composition of the phytoplankton community of Lake Kinneret induced notable shifts in the relationship between primary production and decomposition of organic matter in the lake ecosystem. To test this, we created an approach based on a statistical analysis of long-term dynamics of diversity indices and their relationships with potential perturbations: changes in lake water level, nutrient loads, and annual average epilimnetic temperature. Biodiversity of the algal community was estimated using Simpson’s Diversity Index and community-weighted mean trait value (functional diversity index). Specific community respiration and photosynthesis assimilation number were considered as the functional traits characterizing the role of phytoplankton in cycling organic matter. The observed temporal trends in the diversity indices provided estimates of the shift in the biotic community from large, relatively faster aerobic decomposing and slower photosynthesizing producers towards slower aerobic decomposing and faster photosynthesizing producers. These trends were confirmed by the results of direct determination of community respiration and (indirectly) by the reduced microbial activity in the epilimnetic waters of the lake.","PeriodicalId":49061,"journal":{"name":"Inland Waters","volume":"12 1","pages":"499 - 509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48091503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-04DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2022.2037991
J. Jones, D. Obrecht, R. North
ABSTRACT Landscape-level analyses based on land cover, morphology, and hydrology account for most of the cross-system variation in pelagic nutrients and suspended solids in Missouri reservoirs. They are based on geometric means, which reduce the influence of extreme temporal variation measured in individual reservoirs. This analysis of 3 conservation reservoirs, managed to benefit recreational fisheries, details how internal processes can alter nutrients, chlorophyll, mineral turbidity, and transparency in long-term (21–42 year) datasets, which contribute to temporal variation. Management practices include the addition of grass carp and herbicides to control nuisance macrophytes and shoreline stabilization with rock and water willow. Among these reservoirs, there is strong evidence that macrophyte removal can increase pelagic nutrients by >90%, resulting in a switch to plankton-dominated conditions (alternative states). In one case, eradication of aquatic vegetation increased mineral turbidity by >60%, which was reversed by reestablishing macrophytes and stabilizing the shoreline. This temporal series supports the modifications of phytoplankton–nutrient relations by mineral turbidity shown in state-wide analyses. Collectively, the long-term data show a significant increase in cyanobacteria biovolume and cyanotoxins, with maximum microcystin concentrations increasing as much as 20 times. Actively flipping lakes to plankton-dominated systems via fisheries management and shoreline stabilization practices has negative impacts on overall water quality, with implications for human and wildlife health.
{"title":"Influence of fisheries and shoreline management on limnological characteristics of three Missouri reservoirs","authors":"J. Jones, D. Obrecht, R. North","doi":"10.1080/20442041.2022.2037991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2037991","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Landscape-level analyses based on land cover, morphology, and hydrology account for most of the cross-system variation in pelagic nutrients and suspended solids in Missouri reservoirs. They are based on geometric means, which reduce the influence of extreme temporal variation measured in individual reservoirs. This analysis of 3 conservation reservoirs, managed to benefit recreational fisheries, details how internal processes can alter nutrients, chlorophyll, mineral turbidity, and transparency in long-term (21–42 year) datasets, which contribute to temporal variation. Management practices include the addition of grass carp and herbicides to control nuisance macrophytes and shoreline stabilization with rock and water willow. Among these reservoirs, there is strong evidence that macrophyte removal can increase pelagic nutrients by >90%, resulting in a switch to plankton-dominated conditions (alternative states). In one case, eradication of aquatic vegetation increased mineral turbidity by >60%, which was reversed by reestablishing macrophytes and stabilizing the shoreline. This temporal series supports the modifications of phytoplankton–nutrient relations by mineral turbidity shown in state-wide analyses. Collectively, the long-term data show a significant increase in cyanobacteria biovolume and cyanotoxins, with maximum microcystin concentrations increasing as much as 20 times. Actively flipping lakes to plankton-dominated systems via fisheries management and shoreline stabilization practices has negative impacts on overall water quality, with implications for human and wildlife health.","PeriodicalId":49061,"journal":{"name":"Inland Waters","volume":"12 1","pages":"354 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44999553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2021.2021776
Alejandro López-de Sancha, Romero Roig, Iara Jiménez, A. Vila-Gispert, H. Guasch
ABSTRACT Climate change, damming, and metal pollution are among the main anthropogenic threats to headwater streams. We designed a case study to assess how these stressors impact the ecosystem structure of headwater streams by using the biofilm and macroinvertebrate communities of a Pyrenean stream. We observed a strong seasonal pattern in the stream that interacted with the analysed stressors by having synergistic, but also antagonistic, responses on the ecosystem structural parameters. Both damming and a decrease in precipitation reduced the water flow of the stream and increased its temperature, which promoted an increase in algal and macroinvertebrate biomass at the expense of the biodiversity of their communities, a situation expected to worsen in a climate change context. The decrease in precipitation also increased the concentration of metals and metalloids in the water column and in biofilms, but the water diversion from damming reduced their contributions downstream. The maintenance of an adequate ecological flow in dam-impounded streams is encouraged to overcome these impacts in the current climate change context. More field studies are needed to assess how multiple anthropogenic stressors interact and threaten the ecosystem integrity in a realistic and applied context.
{"title":"Impacts of damming and climate change on the ecosystem structure of headwater streams: a case study from the Pyrenees","authors":"Alejandro López-de Sancha, Romero Roig, Iara Jiménez, A. Vila-Gispert, H. Guasch","doi":"10.1080/20442041.2021.2021776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2021.2021776","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change, damming, and metal pollution are among the main anthropogenic threats to headwater streams. We designed a case study to assess how these stressors impact the ecosystem structure of headwater streams by using the biofilm and macroinvertebrate communities of a Pyrenean stream. We observed a strong seasonal pattern in the stream that interacted with the analysed stressors by having synergistic, but also antagonistic, responses on the ecosystem structural parameters. Both damming and a decrease in precipitation reduced the water flow of the stream and increased its temperature, which promoted an increase in algal and macroinvertebrate biomass at the expense of the biodiversity of their communities, a situation expected to worsen in a climate change context. The decrease in precipitation also increased the concentration of metals and metalloids in the water column and in biofilms, but the water diversion from damming reduced their contributions downstream. The maintenance of an adequate ecological flow in dam-impounded streams is encouraged to overcome these impacts in the current climate change context. More field studies are needed to assess how multiple anthropogenic stressors interact and threaten the ecosystem integrity in a realistic and applied context.","PeriodicalId":49061,"journal":{"name":"Inland Waters","volume":"12 1","pages":"434 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42859860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2022.2029318
C. McDonald, Mahta Naziri Saeed, D. Robertson, S. Prellwitz
ABSTRACT Green Lake, a deep mesotrophic lake located in a primarily agricultural watershed in central Wisconsin, USA, has experienced annual metalimnetic oxygen minima since the early 20th century. However, the severity of the phenomenon has increased over time, and late-summer dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations have typically been <3 mg L−1 in recent years. In situ, high-frequency observations of oxygen depletion at multiple depths reveal that while DO consumption during stratification occurs most rapidly in the metalimnion, there is synchrony between DO time series extending into the hypolimnion. A biochemical oxygen demand-based modeling approach suggests that much of the relationship between water depth and respiration rates can be explained by differences in water temperature. The amount of labile organic matter present throughout the water column at the onset of stratification seems to be a primary determinant of the severity of the annual metalimnetic DO minimum in late summer. Productivity has increased in the lake as a result of increased nutrient loading and is the likely driver of the decrease in minimum DO concentrations. In addition, the onset and duration of stratification is an important factor in determining the severity of the DO minimum.
{"title":"Temperature explains the formation of a metalimnetic oxygen minimum in a deep mesotrophic lake","authors":"C. McDonald, Mahta Naziri Saeed, D. Robertson, S. Prellwitz","doi":"10.1080/20442041.2022.2029318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2029318","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Green Lake, a deep mesotrophic lake located in a primarily agricultural watershed in central Wisconsin, USA, has experienced annual metalimnetic oxygen minima since the early 20th century. However, the severity of the phenomenon has increased over time, and late-summer dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations have typically been <3 mg L−1 in recent years. In situ, high-frequency observations of oxygen depletion at multiple depths reveal that while DO consumption during stratification occurs most rapidly in the metalimnion, there is synchrony between DO time series extending into the hypolimnion. A biochemical oxygen demand-based modeling approach suggests that much of the relationship between water depth and respiration rates can be explained by differences in water temperature. The amount of labile organic matter present throughout the water column at the onset of stratification seems to be a primary determinant of the severity of the annual metalimnetic DO minimum in late summer. Productivity has increased in the lake as a result of increased nutrient loading and is the likely driver of the decrease in minimum DO concentrations. In addition, the onset and duration of stratification is an important factor in determining the severity of the DO minimum.","PeriodicalId":49061,"journal":{"name":"Inland Waters","volume":"12 1","pages":"331 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45210875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2022.2030628
Ryan W. Scott, Sapna Sharma, Xiaowa Wang, R. Quinlan
ABSTRACT Arctic freshwaters are being rapidly altered by global climate change with consequences to hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology, but in many cases the trajectory of these changes is poorly understood. We collected a unique 5-year time series of major ion, nutrient, and trace metal data from lakes in the Mackenzie Delta (NT, Canada) to examine limnological changes during a period of variable flood conditions, including years of recent historic high and low peak river levels. Previous work in the Mackenzie Delta has established that lake water chemistry is strongly related to connection time with the river during the period of spring ice-jam flooding or via channel connections through the growing season. We show that differences in peak spring water levels explain differences in lake chemistry in lakes isolated from the channel during the summer. Isolated, macrophyte-rich lakes in the Mackenzie Delta have been shown to be CO2 absorbers during summer. We demonstrate a response to alterations in flood regime by variables related to macrophyte productivity in isolated lakes with the greatest connectivity to the river that suggests productivity declines with increasing connection time. The connectivity of low-elevation lakes, which represent a majority of lake number and area in the Mackenzie Delta, has been projected to increase with climate change. Our work suggests that an increase in connection time may decrease the macrophyte productivity of these lakes, with potential consequences to the CO2 balance of individual lakes and the Mackenzie Delta as a whole.
{"title":"The limnological response of Arctic deltaic lakes to alterations in flood regime","authors":"Ryan W. Scott, Sapna Sharma, Xiaowa Wang, R. Quinlan","doi":"10.1080/20442041.2022.2030628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2030628","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Arctic freshwaters are being rapidly altered by global climate change with consequences to hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology, but in many cases the trajectory of these changes is poorly understood. We collected a unique 5-year time series of major ion, nutrient, and trace metal data from lakes in the Mackenzie Delta (NT, Canada) to examine limnological changes during a period of variable flood conditions, including years of recent historic high and low peak river levels. Previous work in the Mackenzie Delta has established that lake water chemistry is strongly related to connection time with the river during the period of spring ice-jam flooding or via channel connections through the growing season. We show that differences in peak spring water levels explain differences in lake chemistry in lakes isolated from the channel during the summer. Isolated, macrophyte-rich lakes in the Mackenzie Delta have been shown to be CO2 absorbers during summer. We demonstrate a response to alterations in flood regime by variables related to macrophyte productivity in isolated lakes with the greatest connectivity to the river that suggests productivity declines with increasing connection time. The connectivity of low-elevation lakes, which represent a majority of lake number and area in the Mackenzie Delta, has been projected to increase with climate change. Our work suggests that an increase in connection time may decrease the macrophyte productivity of these lakes, with potential consequences to the CO2 balance of individual lakes and the Mackenzie Delta as a whole.","PeriodicalId":49061,"journal":{"name":"Inland Waters","volume":"12 1","pages":"341 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42265673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2022.2035190
G. Rasbold, U. Pinheiro, Leandro Domingos-Luz, John Dilworth, J. Thigpen, L. Pessenda, M. McGlue
ABSTRACT Skeletal remains of freshwater sponges are important microfossils that may be preserved in the sediments of inland waters, but much is still unknown about the sponge fauna of the Nearctic, which limits their use in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Here, we report the first evidence of an extant freshwater sponge fauna in Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming (USA). Two sponge species were identified living in shallow littoral and shoreline environments: Eunapius fragilis (Leidy 1851) and Ephydatia muelleri (Lieberkühn 1856). The spicules of Eunapius fragilis present high morphological variability, in contrast to gemmuloscleres reported in specimens from lakes and rivers in southern South America and eastern North America. Ephydatia muelleri also exhibits morphological differences in comparison to published examples, chiefly related to the spines on megascleres. The megascleres of Ephydatia muelleri are straight or slightly curved, sharpening gradually toward the apices, with completely smooth surfaces (13%), surfaces with minimal spines (65%), or highly spined surfaces in the central area (22%). These morphological differences in the Ephydatia muelleri megascleres suggest the potential for ecophenotypic effects in Jackson Lake. Furthermore, the morphological and ecological variability of Eunapius fragilis and Ephydatia muelleri observed in Jackson Lake suggest the need for further studies of the Nearctic to understand if a species complex exists or if morphological dissimilarities are indicative of true taxonomic differences and therefore multiple new species. This study expands the biogeography of freshwater sponges and provides the first documentation of benthic sessile filter feeders in Jackson Lake, a key source of ecosystem services.
{"title":"First evidence of an extant freshwater sponge fauna in Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming (USA)","authors":"G. Rasbold, U. Pinheiro, Leandro Domingos-Luz, John Dilworth, J. Thigpen, L. Pessenda, M. McGlue","doi":"10.1080/20442041.2022.2035190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2035190","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Skeletal remains of freshwater sponges are important microfossils that may be preserved in the sediments of inland waters, but much is still unknown about the sponge fauna of the Nearctic, which limits their use in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Here, we report the first evidence of an extant freshwater sponge fauna in Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming (USA). Two sponge species were identified living in shallow littoral and shoreline environments: Eunapius fragilis (Leidy 1851) and Ephydatia muelleri (Lieberkühn 1856). The spicules of Eunapius fragilis present high morphological variability, in contrast to gemmuloscleres reported in specimens from lakes and rivers in southern South America and eastern North America. Ephydatia muelleri also exhibits morphological differences in comparison to published examples, chiefly related to the spines on megascleres. The megascleres of Ephydatia muelleri are straight or slightly curved, sharpening gradually toward the apices, with completely smooth surfaces (13%), surfaces with minimal spines (65%), or highly spined surfaces in the central area (22%). These morphological differences in the Ephydatia muelleri megascleres suggest the potential for ecophenotypic effects in Jackson Lake. Furthermore, the morphological and ecological variability of Eunapius fragilis and Ephydatia muelleri observed in Jackson Lake suggest the need for further studies of the Nearctic to understand if a species complex exists or if morphological dissimilarities are indicative of true taxonomic differences and therefore multiple new species. This study expands the biogeography of freshwater sponges and provides the first documentation of benthic sessile filter feeders in Jackson Lake, a key source of ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":49061,"journal":{"name":"Inland Waters","volume":"12 1","pages":"407 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45288712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2022.2029317
M. Meerhoff, J. Audet, T. Davidson, L. De Meester, S. Hilt, S. Kosten, Zhengwen Liu, N. Mazzeo, H. Paerl, M. Scheffer, E. Jeppesen
ABSTRACT Despite its well-established negative impacts on society and biodiversity, eutrophication continues to be one of the most pervasive anthropogenic influences along the freshwater to marine continuum. The interaction between eutrophication and climate change, particularly climate warming, was explicitly focused upon a decade ago by Brian Moss and others in “Allied attack: climate change and eutrophication,” which called for an integrated response to both problems, given their apparent synergy. In this review, we summarise advances in the theoretical framework and empirical research on this issue and analyse the current understanding of the major drivers and mechanisms by which climate change can enhance eutrophication, and vice versa, with a particular focus on shallow lakes. Climate change can affect nutrient loading through changes at the catchment and landscape levels by affecting hydrological patterns and fire frequency and through temperature effects on nutrient cycling. Biotic communities and their interactions can also be directly and indirectly affected by climate change, leading to an overall weakening of resilience to eutrophication impacts. Increasing empirical evidence now indicates several mechanisms by which eutrophying aquatic systems can increasingly act as important sources of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, particularly methane. We also highlight potential feedback among eutrophication, cyanobacterial blooms, and climate change. Facing both challenges simultaneously is more pressing than ever. Meaningful and strong measures at the landscape and waterbody levels are therefore required if we are to ensure ecosystem resilience and safe water supply, conserve biodiversity, and decrease the carbon footprint of freshwaters.
{"title":"Feedback between climate change and eutrophication: revisiting the allied attack concept and how to strike back","authors":"M. Meerhoff, J. Audet, T. Davidson, L. De Meester, S. Hilt, S. Kosten, Zhengwen Liu, N. Mazzeo, H. Paerl, M. Scheffer, E. Jeppesen","doi":"10.1080/20442041.2022.2029317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2029317","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite its well-established negative impacts on society and biodiversity, eutrophication continues to be one of the most pervasive anthropogenic influences along the freshwater to marine continuum. The interaction between eutrophication and climate change, particularly climate warming, was explicitly focused upon a decade ago by Brian Moss and others in “Allied attack: climate change and eutrophication,” which called for an integrated response to both problems, given their apparent synergy. In this review, we summarise advances in the theoretical framework and empirical research on this issue and analyse the current understanding of the major drivers and mechanisms by which climate change can enhance eutrophication, and vice versa, with a particular focus on shallow lakes. Climate change can affect nutrient loading through changes at the catchment and landscape levels by affecting hydrological patterns and fire frequency and through temperature effects on nutrient cycling. Biotic communities and their interactions can also be directly and indirectly affected by climate change, leading to an overall weakening of resilience to eutrophication impacts. Increasing empirical evidence now indicates several mechanisms by which eutrophying aquatic systems can increasingly act as important sources of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, particularly methane. We also highlight potential feedback among eutrophication, cyanobacterial blooms, and climate change. Facing both challenges simultaneously is more pressing than ever. Meaningful and strong measures at the landscape and waterbody levels are therefore required if we are to ensure ecosystem resilience and safe water supply, conserve biodiversity, and decrease the carbon footprint of freshwaters.","PeriodicalId":49061,"journal":{"name":"Inland Waters","volume":"12 1","pages":"187 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42438514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2022.2031813
Upendra Bhele, Burak Öğlü, T. Feldmann, P. Bernotas, H. Agasild, P. Zingel, P. Nõges, T. Nõges, F. Cremona
ABSTRACT Ecosystem models that measure the impact of quantitative interactions between trophic levels are widely used tools in ecosystem studies and fishery management. We constructed a mass-balance trophic model using an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) modelling suite for large shallow Lake Võrtsjärv, Estonia. The model was calibrated for 36 years (1983–2018) and included 23 functional groups. We examined trophic relationships, functional group interactions, energy fluxes, and keystone groups having a high impact on the ecosystem relative to their biomass. We tested 6 hypothetical scenarios based on future biomass changes for the major functional groups (phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrozoobenthos, piscivorous fish, and bream) for 20 years. The output of the predictive scenarios showed that the biomass changes of planktonic groups would affect the whole food web. Among consumers, macrozoobenthos was crucial for the food web balance because a reduction of their biomass would also reduce the biomass of the fish community. Changes in fish catches would cause minimal biomass difference in other groups. While increased fishing pressure on large piscivores would have a marked effect on the rest of the food web, the reduction of nonpiscivorous fish like bream would have little effect. The results suggested a positive relationship between the biomass of small phytoplankton and fish, alluding to the prevalence of bottom-up trophic processes. These outcomes could be helpful for assessing trophic dynamics in shallow lakes and important aspects for fisheries and ecosystem management.
衡量营养水平之间定量相互作用影响的生态系统模型是生态系统研究和渔业管理中广泛使用的工具。我们使用Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE)建模套件为爱沙尼亚Võrtsjärv的大型浅湖构建了一个质量平衡营养模型。该模型经过36年(1983-2018)的校准，包括23个官能团。我们研究了营养关系、功能群相互作用、能量通量和相对于生物量对生态系统有高影响的关键群。我们基于浮游植物、浮游动物、大型底栖动物、食鱼鱼类和鲷鱼等主要功能类群未来20年的生物量变化，测试了6种假设情景。预测情景的结果表明，浮游生物群落生物量的变化会影响整个食物网。在消费者中，大型底栖动物对食物网平衡至关重要，因为它们的生物量减少也会减少鱼类群落的生物量。渔获量的变化对其他种群的生物量差异影响很小。虽然对大型鱼食性动物的捕捞压力增加会对食物网的其他部分产生显著影响，但像鲷鱼这样的非鱼食性鱼类的减少几乎没有影响。结果表明，小型浮游植物的生物量与鱼类之间存在正相关关系，暗示自下而上的营养过程普遍存在。这些结果有助于评估浅湖的营养动态，并对渔业和生态系统管理具有重要意义。
{"title":"Modelling how bottom-up and top-down processes control the major functional groups of biota in a large temperate shallow lake","authors":"Upendra Bhele, Burak Öğlü, T. Feldmann, P. Bernotas, H. Agasild, P. Zingel, P. Nõges, T. Nõges, F. Cremona","doi":"10.1080/20442041.2022.2031813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2031813","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ecosystem models that measure the impact of quantitative interactions between trophic levels are widely used tools in ecosystem studies and fishery management. We constructed a mass-balance trophic model using an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) modelling suite for large shallow Lake Võrtsjärv, Estonia. The model was calibrated for 36 years (1983–2018) and included 23 functional groups. We examined trophic relationships, functional group interactions, energy fluxes, and keystone groups having a high impact on the ecosystem relative to their biomass. We tested 6 hypothetical scenarios based on future biomass changes for the major functional groups (phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrozoobenthos, piscivorous fish, and bream) for 20 years. The output of the predictive scenarios showed that the biomass changes of planktonic groups would affect the whole food web. Among consumers, macrozoobenthos was crucial for the food web balance because a reduction of their biomass would also reduce the biomass of the fish community. Changes in fish catches would cause minimal biomass difference in other groups. While increased fishing pressure on large piscivores would have a marked effect on the rest of the food web, the reduction of nonpiscivorous fish like bream would have little effect. The results suggested a positive relationship between the biomass of small phytoplankton and fish, alluding to the prevalence of bottom-up trophic processes. These outcomes could be helpful for assessing trophic dynamics in shallow lakes and important aspects for fisheries and ecosystem management.","PeriodicalId":49061,"journal":{"name":"Inland Waters","volume":"12 1","pages":"368 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47912749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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