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A Machine Learning Approach for Detection and Suppression of Shadow or Wet Road Surfaces 一种用于阴影或湿路面检测和抑制的机器学习方法
Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.37391/ijeer.110321
Pankaj Prusty, Bibhu Prasad Mohanty
In advanced driver assistance system detection of road surfaces is an important task. Few algorithms have been proposed in past to detect the road surfaces based on intensities. However, problem arises in detection process is due to the presence of shadows or wet road surfaces. Here we have proposed a novel algorithm for detection of shadows with the help of machine learning approaches. Initially shadow is being detected with the help of a threshold-based approach followed by windowing-based method. The detected shadow region gets confirmed with the help of a set of features and classifier. The detected shadow or wet pixels are in painted to obtain set of pixels without shadow for road classification problems. The simplicity and accuracy of the algorithm makes it robust and can be used as a part of road surface detection algorithm.
在高级驾驶辅助系统中,路面检测是一项重要的任务。过去提出的基于强度的路面检测算法很少。然而,在检测过程中出现的问题是由于阴影或湿路面的存在。在这里,我们提出了一种利用机器学习方法检测阴影的新算法。最初,阴影是通过基于阈值的方法检测的,然后是基于窗口的方法。通过一组特征和分类器对检测到的阴影区域进行确认。将检测到的阴影或湿像素进行涂绘,得到无阴影的像素集,用于道路分类问题。该算法简单、准确,具有鲁棒性,可作为路面检测算法的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Modified E-Shape Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with DGS for Wireless Communication 基于DGS的改进e形矩形微带贴片无线通信天线
Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.37391/ijeer.110327
Prachi Goyal, P.K Singhal, Pooja Sahoo, Deep K. Parsediya
A modified E-shape dual bands rectangular microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications is presented in this paper. An E-slot Microstrip patch antenna with a defective ground structure method has been proposed and getting two bands at 1.9 GHz and 2.89 GHz with S11 -10dB. Defective ground structures provide a maximum gain and low insertion loss i.e., a gain of 3.16 dB, voltage standing wave ratio less than 2, and insertion loss less than -10 dB for both bands. The size of the antenna is 46.83mm x 38.41mm x 1.676mm, which is compact in term of size. The dual band microstrip patch antenna exhibits low cost. The simulation's outcome closely resembles the actual printed antenna and applicable for WiMAX application. The antenna was designed using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software and printed on FR-4 substrate.
提出了一种改进的e型双波段矩形微带贴片天线。提出了一种采用缺陷接地结构方法的e槽微带贴片天线,在S11 -10dB下可获得1.9 GHz和2.89 GHz两个频段。有缺陷的接地结构提供了最大增益和低插入损耗,即增益为3.16 dB,电压驻波比小于2,插入损耗小于-10 dB。天线尺寸为46.83mm × 38.41mm × 1.676mm,尺寸紧凑。双波段微带贴片天线具有低成本的特点。仿真结果与实际印刷天线接近,适用于WiMAX应用。采用计算机仿真技术(CST)软件对天线进行了设计,并在FR-4基板上进行了打印。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive Analysis of IoT with Artificial Intelligence to Predictive Maintenance Optimization for Indian Shipbuilding 物联网与人工智能对印度造船预测性维护优化的综合分析
Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.37391/ijeer.110325
PNV Srinivasa Rao, PVY Jayasree
The extensive review of the literature evaluation on predictive maintenance (PdM) in this work focuses on system designs, goals, and methodologies. In the business world, any equipment or system failures or unscheduled downtime would negatively affect or stop an organization's key operations, possibly incurring heavy fines and irreparable reputational damage. Traditional maintenance methods now in use are plagued by a variety of limitations and preconceptions, including expensive preventive maintenance costs, insufficient or incorrect mathematical deterioration procedures, and manual feature extraction. The PdM maintenance framework is suggested as a new method of maintenance framework to prevent any damage only after the analytical analysis shows specific malfunctions or breakdowns, which is in line with the growth of digital building and the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI), and so on. We also present an overview of the three main types of fault diagnosis and prognosis methods used in PdM mechanisms: scientific, conventional Machine Learning (ML), and deep learning (DL). While offering a thorough assessment of DL-dependent techniques, we make a quick overview of the knowledge-based and conventional ML-dependent strategies used in various components or systems. Eventually, significant possibilities for further study are discussed.
本文对预测性维护(PdM)的文献评估进行了广泛的回顾,重点关注系统设计、目标和方法。在商业世界中,任何设备或系统故障或计划外停机都会对组织的关键运营产生负面影响或停止,可能会招致巨额罚款和不可挽回的声誉损害。目前使用的传统维护方法受到各种限制和先入之见的困扰,包括昂贵的预防性维护成本,不充分或不正确的数学退化程序,以及人工特征提取。PdM维护框架是一种新的维护框架方法,只有在分析分析显示出具体的故障或故障后才能防止任何损坏,这符合数字建筑的增长和物联网(IoT)、人工智能(AI)等的进步。我们还概述了PdM机制中使用的三种主要类型的故障诊断和预测方法:科学,传统机器学习(ML)和深度学习(DL)。在对依赖于机器学习的技术进行全面评估的同时,我们对各种组件或系统中使用的基于知识的和传统的依赖于机器学习的策略进行了快速概述。最后,讨论了进一步研究的重要可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Feature Fusion of Time-frequency and Deep Learning Features for Epileptic Seizure Detection using EEG Signals 基于时频特征融合和深度学习特征的脑电信号癫痫发作检测
Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.37391/ijeer.110329
Seshasai Priya Sadam, Nalini NJ
A persistent brain's neurological state is epilepsy, characterised by recurring seizure. Brain electrical activity is measured using EEG signals, which can be used to detect and diagnose significant brain problems such as Epilepsy, Autism, Alzheimer’s etc. However, manual EEG data processing is time-consuming, requires highly skilled clinicians, and is associated with low inter-rater reliability (IRA). A computer-aided diagnosis approach for epileptic seizure detection from multichannel EEG recordings by fusing the time-frequency features and the deep learning features extracted from Convolutional Neural Network-Gated Recurrent Unit (CNN-GRU) model using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method is provided in this study. Deep Learning features are extracted using CNN-GRU layers, motivated by recent advancements in image classification and optimised for use with EEG data. We have also extracted time-frequency features such as spectral entropies and Sub Band energies from Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert Marginal Spectrum (HMS). We used CHBMIT dataset to carry out the results and showed that the method proposed for fusing the time-frequency features and deep learning has given better performance.
一种持续的大脑神经状态是癫痫,其特征是反复发作。脑电活动是用脑电图信号来测量的,它可以用来检测和诊断重大的大脑问题,如癫痫、自闭症、阿尔茨海默氏症等。然而,手工脑电图数据处理耗时,需要高技能的临床医生,并且与低评分可靠性(IRA)相关。采用典型相关分析(CCA)方法,将卷积神经网络门控循环单元(CNN-GRU)模型提取的时频特征与深度学习特征融合,提出了一种多通道脑电图记录癫痫发作的计算机辅助诊断方法。深度学习特征是使用CNN-GRU层提取的,受到图像分类最新进展的激励,并针对EEG数据进行了优化。我们还从经验模态分解(EMD)和希尔伯特边际谱(HMS)中提取了谱熵和子带能量等时频特征。我们使用CHBMIT数据集进行了实验,结果表明所提出的融合时频特征和深度学习的方法取得了较好的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Microstructure Patterning for Flexible Bioelectronics Application 柔性生物电子学应用微结构图优化
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.37391/ijeer.110315
Ishi Gupta, Manika Choudhury, G. Harish Gnanasambanthan, Debashis Maji
Recent advancements in flexible electronics and wearable sensors have given biomedical technology a new edge overcoming the limitations of traditional rigid silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, high flexibility of these wearable sensors enables it to conformally sit over any uneven surface helping in accurate determination of any physical, chemical, or physiological parameter associate with the surface. Conventionally expensive micro/nano photolithography techniques under strict clean room conditions are used for the development of these flexible and wearable biomedical sensors with high degree of accuracy and sensitivity. However, the developed wearable sensors need not only be extremely sensitive, but also cost effective for its successful usage. To address this, the present work discusses the use of a photo-patternable UV sheet for realization of micro patterns over flexible copper cladded surface eliminating the need of costly clean room facilities. It demonstrates the standardization of various design geometries using the photo-patternable UV sheet over the flexible surface similar to photolithography process and involves optimization of the exposure timing of the UV sheets and their development time towards various design patterns over different thick film metal surfaces. Finally, patterned micro devices like micro-electrodes were successfully realized using the above process to ascertain its efficacy.
柔性电子产品和可穿戴传感器的最新进展使生物医学技术具有了新的优势,克服了传统刚性硅基电子产品的局限性。此外,这些可穿戴传感器的高灵活性使其能够在任何不平整的表面上进行保形检测,有助于准确确定与表面相关的任何物理、化学或生理参数。传统昂贵的微/纳米光刻技术在严格的洁净室条件下被用于开发这些具有高精度和灵敏度的柔性和可穿戴生物医学传感器。然而,所开发的可穿戴传感器不仅需要极高的灵敏度,而且要具有成本效益才能成功使用。为了解决这个问题,本研究讨论了在柔性铜包覆表面上实现微图案的光图案化UV片的使用,从而消除了对昂贵的洁净室设施的需要。它演示了各种设计几何形状的标准化,使用类似于光刻工艺的柔性表面上的可光图案化UV片,并涉及优化UV片的曝光时间及其在不同厚膜金属表面上针对各种设计图案的开发时间。最后,利用上述工艺成功实现了微电极等图像化微器件,验证了其有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Demonstration of an Intelligent and Efficient Smart Monitoring System for Train Track By using Arduino 基于Arduino的列车轨道智能监控系统演示
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.37391/ijeer.110316
Puspendu Roy, S. Rajalakshmi, N. Sangeetha
In Indian railway, the smart monitoring system for the train also train track is a significant aspect to prevent accidents. Indian railway system is underdeveloped in terms of smart monitoring of the train when compared with the other developed countries. Using the smart monitoring system for train, the deterioration of the railway track could be identified and secondly, accident between two trains could be prevented, thirdly any obstacle present in railway track, could be find and removed, two coaches of the train getting disconnected during the movement of the train due to manufacturing mistakes could also be detected. It helps to detect fire in the particular coach of train. Smart monitoring of the train can be achieved by the help of some semiconductor devices such as laser, laser camera and photodiode is used. Smart monitoring system of the railway could help to monitor the train and its track in an efficient way it could be implemented in Indian railway to avoid accident and extricate people’s life.
在印度铁路中,对列车以及列车轨道的智能监控系统是防止事故发生的重要方面。与其他发达国家相比,印度铁路系统在列车智能监控方面不发达。使用火车智能监控系统,可以识别铁路轨道的恶化,其次,可以防止两列火车之间的事故,第三,铁路轨道上存在的任何障碍,可以发现和消除,火车的两节车厢在火车运行期间由于制造错误而断开,也可以检测到。它有助于探测火车特定车厢的火灾。列车的智能监控可以借助于激光器、激光摄像机、光电二极管等半导体器件来实现。铁路的智能监控系统可以帮助有效地监控火车及其轨道,可以在印度铁路中实施,以避免事故发生,拯救人们的生命。
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引用次数: 0
Designing of Tunnel FET and FinFET using Sentaurus TCAD and Finding their Characteristics 利用Sentaurus TCAD设计隧道场效应管和FinFET并找出它们的特性
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.37391/ijeer.110318
Debashish Dash, Shaik Abdul Rahiman, C. Pavitra Chowdary, Sagar Deo Singh
In this paper, a FinFET and Tunnel FET (TFET) are designed and implemented using Sentaurus TCAD. Due to numerous advantages, the TFET and FinFET have been proposed as a possible alternative to the conventional metal oxide semiconductor FET (MOSFET). A phenomenal performance-has been achieved using FinFET technology up to a 7 nm feature size. A detailed observation is made on FinFET and TFET regarding various effects such as short channel effects, quantum tunneling effect and characteristics like electric field, voltage and current, on-current, doping concentrations, energy band diagrams etc. FinFET technology can be used for designing different low power CMOS digital circuits and memory-based circuits. On the contrary, TFET based synthesized circuits are known for their high sensitivity, for which they are suitable for sensing applications, especially biosensors.
本文采用Sentaurus TCAD设计并实现了一个FinFET和一个隧道场效应管(TFET)。由于FET和FinFET具有许多优点,因此已被提出作为传统金属氧化物半导体FET (MOSFET)的可能替代品。使用高达7纳米特征尺寸的FinFET技术实现了惊人的性能。对FinFET和TFET的短通道效应、量子隧道效应等各种效应以及电场、电压和电流、导通电流、掺杂浓度、能带图等特性进行了详细的观察。FinFET技术可用于设计各种低功耗CMOS数字电路和基于存储器的电路。相反,基于TFET的合成电路以其高灵敏度而闻名,因此它们适用于传感应用,特别是生物传感器。
{"title":"Designing of Tunnel FET and FinFET using Sentaurus TCAD and Finding their Characteristics","authors":"Debashish Dash, Shaik Abdul Rahiman, C. Pavitra Chowdary, Sagar Deo Singh","doi":"10.37391/ijeer.110318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.110318","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a FinFET and Tunnel FET (TFET) are designed and implemented using Sentaurus TCAD. Due to numerous advantages, the TFET and FinFET have been proposed as a possible alternative to the conventional metal oxide semiconductor FET (MOSFET). A phenomenal performance-has been achieved using FinFET technology up to a 7 nm feature size. A detailed observation is made on FinFET and TFET regarding various effects such as short channel effects, quantum tunneling effect and characteristics like electric field, voltage and current, on-current, doping concentrations, energy band diagrams etc. FinFET technology can be used for designing different low power CMOS digital circuits and memory-based circuits. On the contrary, TFET based synthesized circuits are known for their high sensitivity, for which they are suitable for sensing applications, especially biosensors.","PeriodicalId":491088,"journal":{"name":"International journal of electrical & electronics research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
VLSI Implementation of Hybrid Memristor Based Logic Gates 基于混合忆阻器逻辑门的VLSI实现
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.37391/ijeer.110314
Ritesh Samanta, Namburi VamsiKrishna, Poongundran Selvaprabhu, Rajeshkumar V, Vetriveeran Rajamani
Practical memristors have gained attention from researchers and scientists due to their potential use in a variety of electronic circuits and devices. In our paper, a hybrid Memristor-CMOS (MeMOS) logic circuit was designed and its transient response was analyzed. This circuit, which uses a N-type metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS), and P-type metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistors, Operational amplifiers (OPAMPs), resistors, capacitors and multipliers replicate memristor characteristics. To facilitate the development of real memristor circuit applications, a memristor emulator is utilized for breadboard experiments. This emulator can be connected in a variety of configurations, including serial, parallel, or a combination of both, with identical or opposite polarities. By simply changing the connection, the emulator can be switched between decremental and incremental configurations. In our paper, we implemented AND logic using MeMOS. PSpice simulation of the proposed emulator have been demonstrated for TiO2 memristor model.
实用忆阻器因其在各种电子电路和器件中的潜在用途而受到研究人员和科学家的关注。设计了一种忆阻器- cmos (MeMOS)混合逻辑电路,并对其瞬态响应进行了分析。该电路使用n型金属氧化物半导体(NMOS)和p型金属氧化物半导体(PMOS)晶体管、运算放大器(opamp)、电阻、电容和乘法器来复制忆阻器的特性。为了便于开发真实的忆阻电路应用,利用忆阻模拟器进行面包板实验。该仿真器可以以各种配置连接,包括串行,并行或两者的组合,具有相同或相反的极性。通过简单地更改连接,模拟器可以在递减和递增配置之间切换。在本文中,我们使用备忘录实现AND逻辑。所提出的仿真器的PSpice仿真已经证明了TiO2忆阻器模型。
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引用次数: 0
Hand Gesture Recognition System based on 60 GHz FMCW Radar and Deep Neural Network 基于60ghz FMCW雷达和深度神经网络的手势识别系统
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.37391/ijeer.110319
Daswini Nadar, Saista Anjum, K.C. Sriharipriya
The proposed study provides a novel technique for recognizing hand gestures that use a combination of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) and 60 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar. The motion of a Human's hand is detected using the FMCW radar, and the various gestures are classified using the DCNN. Motion detection and frequency analysis are two techniques that the suggested system combines. The basis of the capability of motion detection in FMCW radars' is to recognize the Doppler shift in the received signal brought on by the target's motion. To properly identify the hand motions, the presented technique combines these two techniques. The system is analyzed using a collection of hand gesture photos, and the outcomes are analyzed with those of other hand gesture recognition systems which are already in use. A dataset of five different hand gestures is used to examine the proposed system. According to the experimental data, the suggested system can recognize gestures with an accuracy of 96.5%, showing its potential as a productive gesture recognition system. Additionally, the suggested system has a processing time of 100 ms and can run in real time. The outcomes also demonstrate the proposed system's resistance to noise and its ability to recognize gestures in a variety of configurations. For gesture detection applications in virtual reality and augmented reality systems, this research offers a promising approach.
该研究提出了一种结合深度卷积神经网络(DCNN)和60 GHz调频连续波(FMCW)雷达的手势识别新技术。使用FMCW雷达检测人手的动作,使用DCNN对各种手势进行分类。该系统结合了运动检测和频率分析两种技术。FMCW雷达运动检测能力的基础是识别目标运动引起的接收信号中的多普勒频移。为了正确识别手部动作,本方法结合了这两种方法。使用一组手势照片对系统进行分析,并将结果与其他已经使用的手势识别系统的结果进行分析。使用五种不同手势的数据集来检查所提出的系统。实验数据表明,该系统识别手势的准确率达到96.5%,显示了其作为高效手势识别系统的潜力。此外,建议的系统的处理时间为100 ms,可以实时运行。结果还证明了所提出的系统对噪声的抵抗能力以及在各种配置下识别手势的能力。对于手势检测在虚拟现实和增强现实系统中的应用,本研究提供了一种很有前途的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Disease Detection and Diagnosis of Agricultural Plant Leaf Using Machine Learning 基于机器学习的农业植物叶片病害检测与诊断
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.37391/ijeer.110317
Aadhitya S V, Ashwin Hariharan R, Sriharipriya K C
Agriculture and allied activities still continue to be one of the major occupations in world. Various modern methods and inventions have been incorporated to make it more efficient and successful. One of the main problems the farmers are facing are plant diseases. This can affect the entire yield of a season, so to tackle that problem we are proposing a ResNet based Convolutional neural network model which can detect the various disease in plants in early stage itself. For this purpose, ‘New plant village’ dataset to train and test the model. The proposed Resnet based approach has achieved high accuracy in detecting diseases as well as suggesting a proper solution and possible causes for a plant disease.
农业及其相关活动仍然是世界上的主要职业之一。各种现代方法和发明被纳入其中,使其更加有效和成功。农民面临的主要问题之一是植物病害。这可能会影响整个季节的产量,所以为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个基于ResNet的卷积神经网络模型,它可以在植物早期发现各种疾病。为此,采用“新厂村”数据集对模型进行训练和测试。本文提出的基于Resnet的方法在植物病害检测方面具有较高的准确性,并能提出合理的解决方案和可能的病害原因。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International journal of electrical & electronics research
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