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Toward an optimal twisting-sliding mode control of a three-phase PMSM for electric vehicles 电动汽车用三相永磁同步电机扭滑模优化控制研究
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/16878132231198664
Djaloul Karboua, Toual Belgacem, Zeashan Hameed Khan, Chouaib Labiod, Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem
This paper deals with an optimal twisting sliding mode controller (OT-SMC) for the operation of a three phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) in an electric vehicle (EV). In order to drive these vehicles, optimal performance is needed with robust control against real-time disturbances such as the variable load torque, uncertainties such as the parameters variation and speed variations between medium, low, and high speed as well as good performance characteristics for enhanced drive quality and longer battery time. Several conventional techniques have been applied to PMSM but they suffer from the problem of uncertainties and disturbances due to the PI regulator. A hybrid approach comprising of a robust nonlinear and optimal controller to achieve these objectives is attempted for driving electrical vehicles. This advanced hybrid controller obtained after the merger of sliding mode control (SMC) and a linear quadratic controller (LQR) is found to outperform existing controllers due to their superb performance characteristics. Furthermore, SMC is designed based on the exponential reaching law for the twisting sliding mode control (T-SMC) in order to ensure stability of the system while reducing the chattering, accelerating the rate of convergence with higher accuracy of the control performance, and the LQR is developed using the steady-state error method (N-LQR) in order to obtaining better performance characteristics. In addition, the hybridization between a twisting SMC and an optimal LQR is characterized by stabilizing and minimizing the oscillations in the permanent regime thus optimizing the system’s performance. Extensive simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed control for achieving the highest performance of the PMSM.
研究了电动汽车三相永磁同步电机(PMSM)运行的最优扭转滑模控制器(OT-SMC)。为了驱动这些车辆,需要对实时干扰(如可变负载扭矩、参数变化和中低高速之间的速度变化等不确定性)进行鲁棒控制,以实现最佳性能,并具有良好的性能特性,以提高驱动质量和延长电池使用时间。几种传统的技术已经应用于永磁同步电机,但它们受到不确定性和干扰的问题,由于PI调节器。为了实现这些目标,尝试了一种由鲁棒非线性控制器和最优控制器组成的混合方法。将滑模控制(SMC)与线性二次型控制器(LQR)相结合而得到的先进混合控制器具有优异的性能,优于现有的控制器。在此基础上,基于指数趋近律设计扭转滑模控制(T-SMC)的滑模控制(SMC),在保证系统稳定性的同时减少抖振,加快收敛速度,提高控制性能精度;采用稳态误差法(N-LQR)开发LQR,以获得更好的性能特性。此外,扭转SMC和最优LQR之间的杂化具有稳定和最小化永久状态下的振荡从而优化系统性能的特点。大量的仿真结果表明了所提出的控制方法的有效性和有效性,可以实现永磁同步电机的最高性能。
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引用次数: 1
High order multi-resolution WENO scheme with AUSMV numerical flux for solving the two-phase flows 求解两相流的AUSMV数值通量高阶多分辨率WENO格式
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/16878132231195007
Shahid Mehmood, Asad Rehman, Saqib Zia
This article presents the development of a fifth-order multi-resolution finite volume weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme combined with the advection upstream splitting method based on flux vector splitting (AUSMV) numerical flux for analyzing two-phase flow in both horizontal and vertical pipelines. The drift flux flow model comprises of two separate mass conservation equations for each phase for liquid and gas and one momentum equation for mixture and submodels for thermodynamics and hydrodynamics. The two mass conservation equations describe the behavior of each phase in the flow. The mixture-momentum equation takes into account the frictional and gravitational forces acting on the mixture of both phases. The thermodynamic and hydrodynamic submodels provide additional information to fully describe the flow and close the drift flux model. In the presence of these source terms and submodels, it is a challenging task to develop a high order efficient and accurate numerical schemes. The proposed numerical technique captures the peaks of pressure wave, suppresses the erroneous oscillations at the transition zones and resolves the discontinuities more efficiently and accurately. The accuracy of proposed numerical technique is verified by solving the various test problems. Furthermore, the solution obtained by developed numerical technique are compared to those attained with the high-resolution improved CUP and simple finite volume WENO numerical schemes.
本文结合基于通量矢量分裂(AUSMV)数值通量的平流上游分裂法,提出了一种五阶多分辨率有限体积加权基本无振荡(WENO)格式,用于分析水平和垂直管道中的两相流。漂移通量流动模型包括液体和气体的两个独立的质量守恒方程和混合物的一个动量方程,以及热力学和流体力学的子模型。这两个质量守恒方程描述了流动中每个相的行为。混合动量方程考虑了作用在两相混合物上的摩擦力和引力。热力学和水动力子模型提供了额外的信息,以充分描述流动和关闭漂移通量模型。在这些源项和子模型存在的情况下,开发一种高阶、高效、准确的数值格式是一项具有挑战性的任务。所提出的数值方法捕捉了压力波的峰值,抑制了过渡区的错误振荡,更有效、准确地解决了不连续点。通过对各种试验问题的求解,验证了所提数值方法的准确性。此外,将所开发的数值方法与高分辨率改进CUP和简单有限体积WENO数值格式的解进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Jet characteristics and optimal design of hydraulic perforating nozzles for natural gas hydrate reservoirs 天然气水合物储层水力射孔喷嘴射流特性及优化设计
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/16878132231197488
Yu Gao, Zhenqiang Xu, Kaixiang Shen, Shilei Wu
Jet nozzle is a core component of the hydraulic perforating fracturing tool, and the design of the nozzle structure directly affects the perforating effectiveness and efficiency. In this paper, the flow field characteristics of hydraulic perforating nozzles are calculated by the SST k- ω turbulence model. The results show that the nozzle structure parameters significantly influence the jet performance. Through orthogonal experiments, the conical-cylindrical nozzle geometric parameters are preliminarily optimized as follows: the cylindrical segment diameter is 6 mm, the contraction angle is 10°, the contraction segment length is 8 mm, and the cylindrical segment length is 12 mm. The results can provide theoretical guidance for later experimental research on jet rock breaking and optimization design of the jet tools.
射流喷嘴是水力射孔压裂工具的核心部件,喷嘴结构的设计直接影响射孔效果和效率。本文采用SST k- ω湍流模型计算了水力射孔喷嘴的流场特性。结果表明,喷嘴结构参数对射流性能有显著影响。通过正交实验,初步优化了锥形-圆柱形喷嘴的几何参数为:圆柱形段直径为6 mm,收缩角为10°,收缩段长度为8 mm,圆柱形段长度为12 mm。研究结果可为后续射流破岩试验研究和射流工具的优化设计提供理论指导。
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引用次数: 0
Reviews on the machining and measurement of large components 大型零件的加工和测量综述
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/16878132231191381
Qin Guo
The study summarized the characteristics of large board and shaft components. The high-end large machine equipment and clamping devices should be developed in machining for high requirements. Additionally, some non-conventional methods have became a increasing for large components. For measurements, the developing and advanced methods were summarized, and the compensation methods were also complement to realize the high precision and efficiency. If that the component’s size has greatly exceeded the range of the current equipment, the mobile equipment are recommended for machining and measurement, and its detection technology is developed essentially for multiple mobile ones. Thus the study has guiding significance for achieving the high-precision and efficiency machining and measurement for large components, which is a great need in related industries.
研究总结了大型板轴构件的特点。在高要求的机械加工中,应发展高端的大型机械设备和夹紧装置。此外,对于大型部件,一些非传统的方法也越来越多。在测量方面,综述了各种测量方法的发展和进步,并补充了补偿方法,以实现高精度和高效率。如果部件的尺寸已经大大超出了现有设备的范围,则建议使用移动设备进行加工和测量,其检测技术基本上是针对多个移动设备而发展的。因此,该研究对实现大型零件高精度、高效率的加工与测量具有指导意义,这也是相关行业的迫切需求。
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引用次数: 0
A novel dual power-driven electric power steering system for electric commercial vehicles 一种新型电动商用车双动力驱动电动助力转向系统
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/16878132231200314
Zhijun Fu, Yan Lu, Dengfeng Zhao, Peixin Yuan, Yaohua Guo
To solve the power limitation problem faced by the development of EPS system for commercial vehicles and achieve the high-performance steering, this article presents a novel dual power-driven electric power steering system (DPEPS) for commercial vehicles by using the open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (OPMSM) fed by dual inverter with high and low DC voltage supplies. First, the two-level control strategy is introduced for the developed DPEPS system, where the upper control is designed to make the actual steering follow the expected steering performance as determined by the assistant torque curve and to generate the appropriate target current according to the vehicle speed and steering torque. And then the lower control consists of the synthetical space vector control scheme and dual PI control loop is used to execute commands from the upper control, which can make the motor execute the appropriate power supply method according to the steering torque and assist current. Finally, a co-simulation model is carried out for an electric bus, and based on which the proposed DPEPS system is validated.
为解决商用车电动助力转向系统发展中功率受限的问题,实现高性能转向,提出了一种新型的商用车双动力驱动电动助力转向系统(DPEPS),该系统采用高、低压直流双逆变器供电的开式绕组永磁同步电机(OPMSM)。首先,对所开发的DPEPS系统引入了两级控制策略,其中上层控制使实际转向遵循辅助转矩曲线确定的预期转向性能,并根据车速和转向转矩产生合适的目标电流。下位控制采用综合空间矢量控制方案,采用双PI控制回路执行上位控制指令,使电机根据转向转矩和辅助电流执行相应的供电方式。最后,建立了一辆电动客车的联合仿真模型,并在此基础上对所提出的DPEPS系统进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical modeling and experimental verification of churning torque for cam guide rails of 2D piston pump 二维柱塞泵凸轮导轨搅拌力矩分析建模及实验验证
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/16878132231195739
Chenchen Zhang, Yi Chen, Chenhang Zhu, Chuan Ding, Sheng Li, Jian Ruan
For 2D piston pump the churning torque of its cam guide rails at high speed is one of the main sources of mechanical efficiency loss. To conveniently calculate the churning torque and also provide guidance for future optimization of churning torque reduction, an accurate analytical model of constant acceleration and constant deceleration cam guide rail assembly of the stacked-rollers 2D piston pump is established, where the whole churning torque is divided into the peripheral churning torque, the pushing flow churning torque, and the end face churning torque. Then the analytical model is verified by CFD simulation preliminarily. Analytical modeling shows that at 16,000 rpm, the churning torque reaches about 0.826 N m, where the peripheral churning torque, the pushing flow churning torque, and the end face churning torque account for about 55.4%, 37.3%, and 7.3% of the total torque respectively, indicating that the structural parameters related to the pushing flow torque should be optimized with first priority at high rotational speed. Finally, the churning torque at 1000–16,000 rpm was experimentally measured and the influence of oil temperature was considered. The experimental results are in good agreement with the results of analytical modeling and CFD simulation, thus verifying the correctness of the proposed analytical model.
对于二维柱塞泵来说,凸轮导轨高速旋转力矩是其机械效率损失的主要来源之一。为方便计算搅拌力矩,并为今后优化减搅拌力矩提供指导,建立了二维叠滚子柱塞泵恒加减速凸轮导轨总成的精确解析模型,将整个搅拌力矩分为外围搅拌力矩、推进流搅拌力矩和端面搅拌力矩。然后通过CFD仿真对分析模型进行了初步验证。解析建模结果表明,在16000 rpm时,转子的搅拌转矩约为0.826 N m,其中外缘搅拌转矩、推流搅拌转矩和端面搅拌转矩分别约占总转矩的55.4%、37.3%和7.3%,说明在高转速下,应优先优化与推流转矩相关的结构参数。最后对转速在1000 ~ 16000 rpm时的搅拌转矩进行了实验测量,并考虑了油温对搅拌转矩的影响。实验结果与解析建模和CFD仿真结果吻合较好,验证了所建解析模型的正确性。
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引用次数: 0
Punching shear capacity of expanded polystyrene (EPS) lightweight concrete flat slabs without shear reinforcement 无抗剪钢筋膨胀聚苯乙烯(EPS)轻混凝土平板冲剪承载力研究
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/16878132231199885
Faris Rashied Ahmed
This work presents an experimental and theoretical study on the punching shear behavior of Lightweight Concrete Slabs. Lightweight obtained using Expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads as partial coarse aggregate’s replacement, without adding supplementary bonding additives, to reduce concrete density from 2400 to 1800 kg/m 3 . The EPS content, concrete strength and column aspect ratio were test parameters. Five groups of concrete prepared by partially replacing natural coarse aggregate with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% (by volume) of EPS balls. Ten reinforced concrete slabs without shear reinforcement with a monolithic column were tested under concentric loading. The study aimed to examine the effect of the EPS on the density and compressive strength of concrete and eventually on the flat slabs punching capacity. Five series of mixtures identified and compared with conventional normal weight concrete. Results showed that with increasing EPS content, rate of reduction in concrete strength is faster than the reduction in concrete density. Also, showed that the failure base area increased while the concrete density decreased, this yielded a higher punching capacity compared to rate of decrease in the concrete strength. International standards models showed overestimation of punching shear capacity and didnot reflect the reduced concrete strength action of lightweight concrete.
本文对轻混凝土板的冲剪性能进行了试验和理论研究。使用发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)珠作为部分粗骨料的替代品获得轻质,无需添加补充粘合添加剂,可将混凝土密度从2400 kg/ m3降低到1800 kg/ m3。EPS含量、混凝土强度、柱长径比为试验参数。用0%、10%、20%、30%、40%(体积)EPS球部分替代天然粗骨料配制五组混凝土。对10块无剪力配筋整体柱钢筋混凝土板进行了同心荷载试验。本研究旨在探讨EPS对混凝土密度和抗压强度的影响,并最终对平板冲压能力的影响。确定了五个系列的混合料,并与常规正重混凝土进行了比较。结果表明:随着EPS含量的增加,混凝土强度的降低速度快于混凝土密度的降低速度;随着混凝土密度的减小,破坏基础面积增大,这与混凝土强度的降低率相比产生了更高的冲孔能力。国际标准模型对冲剪承载力估计过高,没有反映轻量化混凝土的减强作用。
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引用次数: 0
Design of three-roll bending machine tool and research on compensation algorithm 三辊折弯机床设计及补偿算法研究
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/16878132231196090
Haoyuan Liu, Qun Sun, Ying Zhao, Zhihao Song, Jinghua Wang
With the rapid development of profile processing industry, the processing shape, efficiency, and consistency of profiles are more and more demanding. In this case, the progress of bending machine tools was very important. In this study, the disadvantages and shortcomings of traditional three-roll bending machine are investigated, and a new design of three-roll bending machine is proposed, including a new mechanical structure, hydraulic pressure, and control system. ABAQUS was used to analyze the constrained mode of the table, and the first six order natural frequencies and natural vibration modes were obtained. A mathematical model was established to analyze the relationship between the pressure displacement and the forming radius under ideal working conditions, and the limit position of the downward movement of the lower press roll and the speed relationship between the lower press roll and the support roll are discussed. Based on the experimental data, the nonlinear curve fitting was carried out on the rebound compensation algorithm of asymmetric rolling bending forming. The fitting rebound compensation algorithm was carried out on the symmetric rolling bending forming experiment. The experimental results show that this algorithm can be applied to both symmetric rolling bending and asymmetric rolling bending.
随着型材加工行业的快速发展,对型材的加工形状、效率和一致性要求越来越高。在这种情况下,弯曲机床的进步是非常重要的。分析了传统三辊折弯机的缺点和不足,提出了一种新的三辊折弯机设计方案,包括机械结构、液压系统和控制系统。利用ABAQUS软件对振动台的约束模态进行分析,得到了振动台的前六阶固有频率和固有振型。建立数学模型,分析了理想工况下压力位移与成形半径的关系,讨论了下压辊向下运动的极限位置以及下压辊与托辊之间的速度关系。基于实验数据,对非对称轧制弯曲成形的回弹补偿算法进行了非线性曲线拟合。对对称轧制弯曲成形实验进行了拟合回弹补偿算法。实验结果表明,该算法既适用于对称轧制弯曲,也适用于非对称轧制弯曲。
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引用次数: 0
Research on gearbox compound fault diagnosis method and system development based on entire gearbox health maintenance 基于齿轮箱整体健康维护的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法研究及系统开发
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/16878132231197362
Lu Yan, Chen Qin-Xiao, Zhong Cheng, Tao Xian, Zhang Wei, Yuan Chi
In general, gearbox is prone to occur compound fault due to its harsh working environment and its fault vibration signal contains multi-components which correspond to each gearbox parts. As the multi-components are often coupled with each other and accompanied by strong noise which brings great difficulties to diagnose fault, however, the existing diagnosis methods are mainly applied on single fault rather than the entire gearbox health maintenance, therefore, this paper presents a gearbox compound fault diagnosis method and develops a diagnosis system which has potential value for gearbox health maintenance. In specific, on account of the morphological difference between multi-components, this paper uses resonance sparse signal decomposition (RSSD) to decompose the fault vibration signal into high and low resonance components respectively for achieving gearbox compound fault separation. Furthermore, as for low resonance component containing rolling bearing fault information, a weak fault feature extraction algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and cepstrum pre-whitening stochastic resonance is proposed, besides, aiming at the high resonance component containing gear fault information, an early gear fault warning algorithm based on local mean decomposition and two-dimensional approximate entropy of chaotic oscillator is also given. Finally, a gearbox fault diagnosis system, which has the ability such as the gearbox vibration signal acquisition, fault indicator warning, health status evaluation, fault signal storage is developed. Simulation validation and comparison prove the effectiveness of proposed method in this paper.
一般情况下,由于齿轮箱工作环境恶劣,其故障振动信号包含多个分量,这些分量对应于齿轮箱的各个部件。由于多部件往往相互耦合且伴随较强的噪声,给故障诊断带来了很大的困难,而现有的诊断方法主要应用于单个故障,而不是整个齿轮箱的健康维护,因此,本文提出了齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法,并开发了一种对齿轮箱健康维护具有潜在价值的诊断系统。具体而言,考虑到多分量之间的形态差异,本文采用共振稀疏信号分解(RSSD)将故障振动信号分别分解为高、低共振分量,实现齿轮箱复合故障分离。针对含滚动轴承故障信息的低共振分量,提出了基于奇异值分解(SVD)和倒谱预白化随机共振的弱故障特征提取算法;针对含齿轮故障信息的高共振分量,给出了基于局部均值分解和混沌振子二维近似熵的齿轮早期故障预警算法。最后,开发了具有齿轮箱振动信号采集、故障指示器预警、健康状态评估、故障信号存储等功能的齿轮箱故障诊断系统。仿真验证和对比验证了本文方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Research on cyber-physical system models of downhole locomotive dispatching and fault 井下机车调度与故障信息物理系统模型研究
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/16878132231197163
Jinyu Ma, Jianzhi Zheng, Boyun Li, Wenhong Li
Fault diagnosis is of great significance for the rapid recovery of the system after the accident. Intelligent dispatching among multiple controllers is developed in this work to improve the efficiency of downhole locomotive dispatching, finally realizing unmanned intelligent locomotive dispatching. The locomotive dispatching logic processing model of with signal lights, rutting machine, locomotives, and other equipment is established based on the model theory of Cyber-physical systems (CPS). The model tasks in this system are combined with the embedded controller tasks which make it convenient to optimize the logic processing procedures using Ptolemy II software. Our key findings indicate that the proposed model can make the locomotive dispatching process without deadlock and make the processing procedure more reasonable. Simulation and practical experiments demonstrate that the controller cooperation speed can be improved after the CPS model is built, which can realize safer and more effective automatic locomotive dispatching.
故障诊断对于事故发生后系统的快速恢复具有重要意义。本工作发展多控制器间智能调度,提高井下机车调度效率,最终实现无人驾驶的智能机车调度。基于信息物理系统(CPS)模型理论,建立了带信号灯、车辙机、机车等设备的机车调度逻辑处理模型。该系统中的模型任务与嵌入式控制器任务相结合,便于使用托勒密II软件对逻辑处理过程进行优化。研究结果表明,该模型可以使机车调度过程无死锁,使处理过程更加合理。仿真和实际实验表明,建立CPS模型后,可以提高控制器的协同速度,实现更安全、更有效的机车自动调度。
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引用次数: 0
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Advances in Mechanical Engineering
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