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Existence of invariant volumes in nonholonomic systems subject to nonlinear constraints 非线性约束下非完整系统中不变体积的存在性
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.3934/jgm.2023011
W. Clark, A. Bloch
We derive conditions for a nonholonomic system subject to nonlinear constraints (obeying Chetaev's rule) to preserve a smooth volume form. When applied to affine constraints, these conditions dictate that a basic invariant density exists if and only if a certain 1-form is exact and a certain function vanishes (this function automatically vanishes for linear constraints). Moreover, this result can be extended to geodesic flows for arbitrary metric connections and the sufficient condition manifests as integrability of the torsion. As a consequence, volume-preservation of a nonholonomic system is closely related to the torsion of the nonholonomic connection. Examples of nonlinear/affine/linear constraints are considered.
我们导出了非线性约束下非完整系统(服从Chetaev规则)保持光滑体积形式的条件。当应用于仿射约束时,这些条件表明,当且仅当某个1-form是精确的并且某个函数消失时,存在基本不变密度(对于线性约束,该函数会自动消失)。并且,该结果可以推广到任意度量连接的测地线流,其充分条件表现为扭转的可积性。因此,非完整系统的体积保持与非完整连接的扭转密切相关。考虑了非线性/仿射/线性约束的例子。
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引用次数: 0
Lagrangian reduction of nonholonomic discrete mechanical systems by stages 非完整离散机械系统的拉格朗日分级约简
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.3934/jgm.2020029
Javier Fernandez, Cora Tori, M. Zuccalli
In this work we introduce a category $LDP_d$ of discrete-time dynamical systems, that we call discrete Lagrange--D'Alembert--Poincare systems, and study some of its elementary properties. Examples of objects of $LDP_d$ are nonholonomic discrete mechanical systems as well as their lagrangian reductions and, also, discrete Lagrange-Poincare systems. We also introduce a notion of symmetry group for objects of $LDP_d$ and a process of reduction when symmetries are present. This reduction process extends the reduction process of discrete Lagrange--Poincare systems as well as the one defined for nonholonomic discrete mechanical systems. In addition, we prove that, under some conditions, the two-stage reduction process (first by a closed and normal subgroup of the symmetry group and, then, by the residual symmetry group) produces a system that is isomorphic in $LDP_d$ to the system obtained by a one-stage reduction by the full symmetry group.
本文引入离散时间动力系统的一类LDP_d,我们称之为离散拉格朗日—达朗贝尔—庞加莱系统,并研究了它的一些基本性质。$LDP_d$对象的例子是非完整离散机械系统及其拉格朗日约简,以及离散拉格朗日-庞加莱系统。我们还引入了$LDP_d$对象的对称群的概念,并给出了对称存在时的约简过程。此约简过程推广了离散拉格朗日—庞加莱系统的约简过程以及非完整离散机械系统的约简过程。此外,我们证明了在某些条件下,两阶段约简过程(首先由对称群的闭正规子群,然后由剩余对称群)产生一个系统,该系统在$LDP_d$上与由满对称群的一阶段约简得到的系统同构。
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引用次数: 1
Higher order normal modes 高阶正规模
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-07-27 DOI: 10.3934/jgm.2020026
G. Gaeta, S. Walcher
Normal modes are intimately related to the quadratic approximation of a potential at its hyperbolic equilibria. Here we extend the notion to the case where the Taylor expansion for the potential at a critical point starts with higher order terms, and show that such an extension shares some of the properties of standard normal modes. Some symmetric examples are considered in detail.
正态模态与势在双曲平衡处的二次逼近密切相关。本文将这一概念推广到临界点处势的泰勒展开式由高阶项开始的情况,并证明了这种展开式具有标准正态模态的一些性质。详细讨论了一些对称的例子。
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引用次数: 0
Categorification of $ mathsf{VB} $-Lie algebroids and $ mathsf{VB} $-Courant algebroids $ mathsf{VB} $-李代数群和$ mathsf{VB} $-Courant代数群的分类
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-07-18 DOI: 10.3934/jgm.2023002
Y. Sheng
In this paper, first we introduce the notion of a $ mathsf{VB} $-Lie $ 2 $-algebroid, which can be viewed as the categorification of a $ mathsf{VB} $-Lie algebroid. The tangent prolongation of a Lie $ 2 $-algebroid is a $ mathsf{VB} $-Lie $ 2 $-algebroid naturally. We show that after choosing a splitting, there is a one-to-one correspondence between $ mathsf{VB} $-Lie $ 2 $-algebroids and flat superconnections of a Lie 2-algebroid on a 3-term complex of vector bundles. Then we introduce the notion of a $ mathsf{VB} $-$ mathsf{CLWX} $ 2-algebroid, which can be viewed as the categorification of a $ mathsf{VB} $-Courant algebroid. We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between split Lie 3-algebroids and split $ mathsf{VB} $-$ mathsf{CLWX} $ 2-algebroids. Finally, we introduce the notion of an $ E $-$ mathsf{CLWX} $ 2-algebroid and show that associated to a $ mathsf{VB} $-$ mathsf{CLWX} $ 2-algebroid, there is an $ E $-$ mathsf{CLWX} $ 2-algebroid structure on the graded fat bundle naturally. By this result, we give a construction of a new Lie 3-algebra from a given Lie 3-algebra, which provides interesting examples of Lie 3-algebras including the higher analogue of the string Lie 2-algebra.
本文首先引入了$ mathsf{VB} $-Lie $ 2 $-代数布的概念,它可以看作是$ mathsf{VB} $-Lie代数布的分类。Lie $ 2 $-代数群的正切延伸自然是$ mathsf{VB} $-Lie $ 2 $-代数群。我们证明了在选择一个分裂后,$ mathsf{VB} $-Lie $ 2 $-代数群与Lie $ 2-代数群在3项向量束复上的平面超连接之间存在一一对应关系。然后我们引入了$ mathsf{VB} $-$ mathsf{CLWX} $ 2-代数元的概念,它可以看作是$ mathsf{VB} $- courant代数元的分类。我们证明了分裂的李3-代数群与分裂的$ mathsf{VB} $-$ mathsf{CLWX} $ 2-代数群之间存在一一对应关系。最后,我们引入了$ E $-$ mathsf{CLWX} $ 2-代数元的概念,并证明了与$ mathsf{VB} $-$ mathsf{CLWX} $ 2-代数元相关联的$ E $-$ mathsf{CLWX} $ 2-代数元结构在梯度脂肪束上自然存在。利用这一结果,我们给出了一个新的李3代数的构造,它提供了李3代数的有趣的例子,包括字符串李2代数的高级模拟。
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引用次数: 0
Control of locomotion systems and dynamics in relative periodic orbits 相对周期轨道上的运动系统和动力学控制
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.3934/jgm.2020022
F. Fassò, S. Passarella, M. Zoppello
The connection between the dynamics in relative periodic orbits of vector fields with noncompact symmetry groups and periodic control for the class of control systems on Lie groups known as '(robotic) locomotion systems' is well known, and has led to the identification of (geometric) phases. We take an approach which is complementary to the existing ones, advocating the relevance——for trajectory generation in these control systems——of the qualitative properties of the dynamics in relative periodic orbits. There are two particularly important features. One is that motions in relative periodic orbits of noncompact groups can only be of two types: either they are quasi-periodic, or they leave any compact set as begin{document}$ ttopminfty $end{document} ('drifting motions'). Moreover, in a given group, one of the two behaviours may be predominant. The second is that motions in a relative periodic orbit exhibit 'spiralling', 'meandering' behaviours, which are routinely detected in numerical integrations. Since a quantitative description of meandering behaviours for drifting motions appears to be missing, we provide it here for a class of Lie groups that includes those of interest in locomotion (semidirect products of a compact group and a normal vector space). We illustrate these ideas on some examples (a kinematic car robot, a planar swimmer).
The connection between the dynamics in relative periodic orbits of vector fields with noncompact symmetry groups and periodic control for the class of control systems on Lie groups known as '(robotic) locomotion systems' is well known, and has led to the identification of (geometric) phases. We take an approach which is complementary to the existing ones, advocating the relevance——for trajectory generation in these control systems——of the qualitative properties of the dynamics in relative periodic orbits. There are two particularly important features. One is that motions in relative periodic orbits of noncompact groups can only be of two types: either they are quasi-periodic, or they leave any compact set as begin{document}$ ttopminfty $end{document} ('drifting motions'). Moreover, in a given group, one of the two behaviours may be predominant. The second is that motions in a relative periodic orbit exhibit 'spiralling', 'meandering' behaviours, which are routinely detected in numerical integrations. Since a quantitative description of meandering behaviours for drifting motions appears to be missing, we provide it here for a class of Lie groups that includes those of interest in locomotion (semidirect products of a compact group and a normal vector space). We illustrate these ideas on some examples (a kinematic car robot, a planar swimmer).
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引用次数: 6
Matched pair analysis of the Vlasov plasma 弗拉索夫等离子体的配对分析
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-04-27 DOI: 10.3934/JGM.2021011
Ougul Esen, S. Sutlu
We perform Hamiltonian (Lie-Poisson) analysis of the Vlasov plasma, and the dynamics of its kinetic moments, from the matched pair decomposition point of view. We express both of the (Lie-Poisson) systems as couplings of two of their textit{mutually interacting} (Lie-Poisson) subdynamics. Mutually acting systems are beyond the well-known semi-direct product theory. Accordingly, as the geometric framework of the present discussion, we address textit{matched pair Lie-Poisson} formulation permitting mutual interactions. Then, all mutual actions, as well as dual and induced cross-actions, are clearly computed for the kinetic moments and the Vlasov plasma. For both cases, we observe that one of the constitutive subdynamics is the compressible isentropic fluid flow, and the other is the higher-order ($geq 2$) kinetic moments. In this regard, the algebraic/geometric (matched pair) decomposition that we offer, is in perfect harmony with the physical intuition. To complete the discussion, we present a momentum formulation of the Vlasov plasma and, obtain the matched pair decomposition of this realization as well.
我们从匹配对分解的角度,对弗拉索夫等离子体进行了哈密顿(李泊松)分析,并对其动力学矩进行了动力学分析。我们将这两个(Lie-Poisson)系统表示为两个textit{相互作用}的(Lie-Poisson)子动力学的耦合。相互作用系统超出了众所周知的半直接积理论。因此,作为本讨论的几何框架,我们讨论允许相互作用的textit{匹配对李泊松}公式。然后,对动力学矩和弗拉索夫等离子体的所有相互作用,以及对偶作用和诱导交叉作用,都进行了清晰的计算。对于这两种情况,我们观察到一个本构子动力学是可压缩等熵流体流动,另一个是高阶($geq 2$)动力学矩。在这方面,我们提供的代数/几何(配对)分解与物理直觉是完美和谐的。为了完成讨论,我们提出了一个弗拉索夫等离子体的动量公式,并得到了该实现的匹配对分解。
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引用次数: 10
A note on Hybrid Routh reduction for time-dependent Lagrangian systems 时变拉格朗日系统的混合生长约简
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-03-17 DOI: 10.3934/jgm.2020014
L. Colombo, Mar'ia Emma Eyrea Iraz'u, E. G. Andr'es
This note discusses Routh reduction for hybrid time-dependent mechanical systems. We give general conditions on whether it is possible to reduce by symmetries a hybrid time-dependent Lagrangian system extending and unifying previous results for continuous-time systems. We illustrate the applicability of the method using the example of a billiard with moving walls.
本文讨论了时变混合机械系统的生长缩减问题。我们给出了是否可能通过对称约简混合时相关拉格朗日系统的一般条件,扩展和统一了之前关于连续时间系统的结果。最后以一个带移动壁的台球为例,说明了该方法的适用性。
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引用次数: 5
Linearization of the higher analogue of Courant algebroids 高类似Courant代数群的线性化
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.3934/jgm.2020025
H. Lang, Y. Sheng
In this paper, we show that the spaces of sections of the $n$-th differential operator bundle $dev^n E$ and the $n$-th skew-symmetric jet bundle $jet_n E$ of a vector bundle $E$ are isomorphic to the spaces of linear $n$-vector fields and linear $n$-forms on $E^*$ respectively. Consequently, the $n$-omni-Lie algebroid $dev Eoplusjet_n E$ introduced by Bi-Vitagliago-Zhang can be explained as certain linearization, which we call pseudo-linearization of the higher analogue of Courant algebroids $TE^*oplus wedge^nT^*E^*$. On the other hand, we show that the omni $n$-Lie algebroid $dev Eoplus wedge^njet E$ can also be explained as certain linearization, which we call Weinstein-linearization of the higher analogue of Courant algebroids $TE^*oplus wedge^nT^*E^*$. We also show that $n$-Lie algebroids, local $n$-Lie algebras and Nambu-Jacobi structures can be characterized as integrable subbundles of omni $n$-Lie algebroids.
本文证明了向量束$E$的$n$-微分算子束$dev^n E$和$n$-偏对称射流束$jet_n E$的截面空间分别同构于$E^*$上的线性$n$-向量场和线性$n$-形式的空间。因此,Bi-Vitagliago-Zhang引入的$n$- omnii - lie代数群$dev Eoplusjet_n E$可以解释为Courant代数群$TE^*oplus wedge^nT^*E^*$的伪线性化。另一方面,我们证明了全n-李代数元E dev Eo + wedge^njet E$也可以被解释为一定的线性化,我们称之为Courant代数元的高级类似物TE^*o + wedge^nT^*E^*$的温斯坦线性化。我们还证明了$n$-李代数、局部$n$-李代数和Nambu-Jacobi结构可以被表征为全$n$-李代数的可积子束。
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引用次数: 2
Getting into the vortex: On the contributions of james montaldi 进入漩涡:论詹姆斯·蒙塔尔迪的贡献
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/jgm.2020018
J. Koiller
James Montaldi's expertises span many areas on pure and applied mathematics. I will discuss here just one, his contributions to the motion of point vortices, specially the role of symmetries in the bifurcations and stability of equilibrium configurations in surfaces of constant curvature. This approach leads, for instance, to a very elegant proof of a classical result, the nonlinear stability of Thompson's regular heptagon in the plane. Here the plane appears "in passing", just as the transition between positive and negative curvatures.
詹姆斯·蒙塔尔迪的专业知识涉及纯数学和应用数学的许多领域。我在这里只讨论一个,他对点涡运动的贡献,特别是对称性在常曲率曲面的分岔和平衡构型稳定性中的作用。例如,这种方法可以很好地证明一个经典结果,即平面上汤普森正七边形的非线性稳定性。在这里,平面“经过”,就像正曲率和负曲率之间的过渡。
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引用次数: 3
Preface to the special issue dedicated to James Montaldi 詹姆斯·蒙塔尔第特刊前言
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/jgm.2020028
L. García-Naranjo, M. León, J. Ortega
In August 2018 we held a conference in Guanajuato, Mexico, where several collaborators and students of James Montaldi had the privilege to homage his scientific contributions. James is best known as an expert in singularity and bifurcation theory, who is a world reference in equivariant Hamiltonian systems, and has an exceptional talent to turn symmetries into insightful theorems about the dynamics of mechanical systems. His unusual combination of mathematical depth, modesty, integrity and friendly personality, make him a greatly esteemed member of the extended geometric mechanics community. The programme of this exciting meeting, which lasted one week, incorporated some of the many areas in which James has worked over the years. During the conference, we heard testimonials of James’ mathematical sharpness, kindness and generosity as a supervisor and collaborator, accompanied with many nostalgic references of a meeting that he organised in Peyresq twenty years ago. This issue of the Journal of Geometric Mechanics is a continuation of our celebration of James’ career and of our appreciation of having him as a teacher, colleague and friend. Out of the many topics of the conference, the following two allow us to better understand his background and expertise, and to describe a noteworthy contribution to symmetric Hamiltonian systems that he made at an early stage of his career:
2018年8月,我们在墨西哥瓜纳华托举行了一次会议,詹姆斯·蒙塔尔迪的几位合作者和学生有幸向他的科学贡献致敬。詹姆斯以奇点和分叉理论专家而闻名,他是等变哈密顿系统的世界参考,并且具有将对称性转化为有关机械系统动力学的深刻定理的非凡才能。他不寻常地结合了数学的深度、谦虚、正直和友好的个性,使他成为扩展几何力学社区中备受尊敬的成员。这次激动人心的会议持续了一个星期,会议的议程包含了詹姆斯多年来所从事的许多领域的一些内容。在会议期间,我们听到了作为导师和合作者的詹姆斯对数学的敏锐、善良和慷慨的赞扬,同时还提到了他20年前在Peyresq组织的一次会议。本期《几何力学杂志》是我们对詹姆斯职业生涯的庆祝,也是我们对他作为老师、同事和朋友的感激之情的延续。在会议的众多主题中,以下两个主题使我们能够更好地了解他的背景和专业知识,并描述他在职业生涯早期对对称哈密顿系统做出的重大贡献:
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Geometric Mechanics
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