Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2023.2282078
Chul-Hong Park, Cheol Soo Park
{"title":"Limitations and issues of conventional artificial neural network-based surrogate models for building energy retrofit","authors":"Chul-Hong Park, Cheol Soo Park","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2023.2282078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2282078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139266159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2023.2276711
Rebecca Cole, Ralph Evins, Matt Eames
AbstractUnder climate change, extreme heat events are projected to become more frequent and intense. With people spending approximately 90% for their time indoors and buildings having long lifetimes, it is important that the built environment is resilient to these changes. Current methods to assess building performance in a future climate typically use morphed weather files and annual metrics. We compare 30 metrics and 2 weather data sources to assess and improve the representation of extreme heat events in building simulation. We show that morphing an extreme observed year may not necessarily result in an equally extreme year under the future climate and that current annual metrics do not correlate well with heatwave severity. We suggest that weather data from climate models is more robust in representing future weather for the UK and explore the recent UKCP18 data. We propose novel metrics which are able to capture heatwave severity inside buildings.KEYWORDS: Climate changeoverheatingmetricsweather files Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementDate sharing is not applicable to this study as no new data were created or analysed in this study.
{"title":"An empirical review of methods to assess overheating in buildings in the context of changes to extreme heat events","authors":"Rebecca Cole, Ralph Evins, Matt Eames","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2023.2276711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2276711","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractUnder climate change, extreme heat events are projected to become more frequent and intense. With people spending approximately 90% for their time indoors and buildings having long lifetimes, it is important that the built environment is resilient to these changes. Current methods to assess building performance in a future climate typically use morphed weather files and annual metrics. We compare 30 metrics and 2 weather data sources to assess and improve the representation of extreme heat events in building simulation. We show that morphing an extreme observed year may not necessarily result in an equally extreme year under the future climate and that current annual metrics do not correlate well with heatwave severity. We suggest that weather data from climate models is more robust in representing future weather for the UK and explore the recent UKCP18 data. We propose novel metrics which are able to capture heatwave severity inside buildings.KEYWORDS: Climate changeoverheatingmetricsweather files Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementDate sharing is not applicable to this study as no new data were created or analysed in this study.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2023.2271441
Esben Visby Fjerbæk, Mikki Seidenschnur, Ali Kücükavci, Kevin Michael Smith, Christian Anker Hviid
{"title":"Coupling BIM and detailed modelica simulations of HVAC systems in a common data environment","authors":"Esben Visby Fjerbæk, Mikki Seidenschnur, Ali Kücükavci, Kevin Michael Smith, Christian Anker Hviid","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2023.2271441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2271441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2023.2269885
Sen Huang, Nick Fernandez, Srinivas Katipamula, Alekzander Parsons, Amelia Bleeker
AbstractThe applications of building energy simulation (BES) in designing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are limited by the high costs of developing simulation models and the lack of references for determining the model parameters. This paper presents a software framework for selecting designs for rooftop unit HVAC (RTU) systems with BES. Specifically, this framework reduces the cost of using BES by automating the generation of EnergyPlus models. It also employs a systematic method for determining model parameters based on well-accepted datasets. We applied this framework in a comprehensive assessment of an advanced design of RTU systems in which 478 EnergyPlus models were developed without human involvement. The assessment reveals that replacing a constant-speed fan/coil with a multiple-speed fan/coil may not guarantee better overall performance. It also suggests the benefits of replacing furnace coils with heat pumps are subject to utility cost, weather conditions, and heating load profiles.KEYWORDS: Building energy simulationEnergyPlusHVAC system designModel parametersRooftop unitSimulation workflow Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementDerived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on request.Notes1 This work was supported by the US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (https://www.energy.gov/doe-public-access-plan).2 https://rtucc.pnnl.gov/#/
{"title":"Rooftop unit comparison calculator: a framework for comparing performance of rooftop units with building energy simulation","authors":"Sen Huang, Nick Fernandez, Srinivas Katipamula, Alekzander Parsons, Amelia Bleeker","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2023.2269885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2269885","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe applications of building energy simulation (BES) in designing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are limited by the high costs of developing simulation models and the lack of references for determining the model parameters. This paper presents a software framework for selecting designs for rooftop unit HVAC (RTU) systems with BES. Specifically, this framework reduces the cost of using BES by automating the generation of EnergyPlus models. It also employs a systematic method for determining model parameters based on well-accepted datasets. We applied this framework in a comprehensive assessment of an advanced design of RTU systems in which 478 EnergyPlus models were developed without human involvement. The assessment reveals that replacing a constant-speed fan/coil with a multiple-speed fan/coil may not guarantee better overall performance. It also suggests the benefits of replacing furnace coils with heat pumps are subject to utility cost, weather conditions, and heating load profiles.KEYWORDS: Building energy simulationEnergyPlusHVAC system designModel parametersRooftop unitSimulation workflow Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementDerived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on request.Notes1 This work was supported by the US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (https://www.energy.gov/doe-public-access-plan).2 https://rtucc.pnnl.gov/#/","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135780154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2023.2266414
Michael Wetter, Kyle Benne, Hubertus Tummescheit, Christian Winther
Spawn is DOE's next-generation tool chain for whole building energy control simulation. Spawn couples traditional imperative load-based envelope modelling with new equation-based modelling of HVAC and controls. Spawn uses EnergyPlus for the former and the Modelica Buildings Library for the latter. Because it leverages the Modelica Buildings Library, Spawn can evaluate advanced energy systems at the building and district scale, including new architectures and controls for heat pump systems with storage, and the coupling of such systems to electrical distribution networks. Spawn's Modelica integration likewise enables it to simulate realistic control sequences and therefore to bridge energy simulation and control implementation workflows. From EnergyPlus, Spawn inherits efficient envelope simulation and the ability to use existing envelope model authoring tools. This paper describes the architecture and implementation of Spawn, which automatically couples Modelica and EnergyPlus for run-time data exchange. This paper closes with examples that illustrate Spawn's modelling and simulation processes.
{"title":"Spawn: coupling Modelica Buildings Library and EnergyPlus to enable new energy system and control applications","authors":"Michael Wetter, Kyle Benne, Hubertus Tummescheit, Christian Winther","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2023.2266414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2266414","url":null,"abstract":"Spawn is DOE's next-generation tool chain for whole building energy control simulation. Spawn couples traditional imperative load-based envelope modelling with new equation-based modelling of HVAC and controls. Spawn uses EnergyPlus for the former and the Modelica Buildings Library for the latter. Because it leverages the Modelica Buildings Library, Spawn can evaluate advanced energy systems at the building and district scale, including new architectures and controls for heat pump systems with storage, and the coupling of such systems to electrical distribution networks. Spawn's Modelica integration likewise enables it to simulate realistic control sequences and therefore to bridge energy simulation and control implementation workflows. From EnergyPlus, Spawn inherits efficient envelope simulation and the ability to use existing envelope model authoring tools. This paper describes the architecture and implementation of Spawn, which automatically couples Modelica and EnergyPlus for run-time data exchange. This paper closes with examples that illustrate Spawn's modelling and simulation processes.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2023.2265335
Eduardo Gascón Alvarez, Kiley Feickert, Mohamed A. Ismail, Caitlin T. Mueller, Leslie K. Norford
In a global context of simultaneous urbanization and rising ambient temperatures, it is imperative to design heat-resilient and material-efficient neighbourhoods that respond to the pressing demand for housing with minimal environmental impact. With this goal in mind, the work presented here focuses on the integration of heat dissipation systems within structural building components, introducing a novel framework for their systems-level simulation and design. Two well-studied, low-cost systems (shallow geothermal and night-sky cooling) are modelled within a parametric design workflow that combines bottom-up structural embodied carbon calculations with annual building energy simulations that account for heat sink availability. The proposed method results in a fast and reliable early-stage design tool that allows urban planners, policymakers, and designers to evaluate the suitability of available heat dissipation technologies across climates and urban morphologies. This paper analyzes specifically the multi-domain performance of a hypothetical urban geometry within three different cooling-dominated locations (Algiers, Cairo, and Bangkok).
{"title":"Integrated urban heat sinks for low-carbon neighbourhoods: dissipating heat to the ground and sky through building structures","authors":"Eduardo Gascón Alvarez, Kiley Feickert, Mohamed A. Ismail, Caitlin T. Mueller, Leslie K. Norford","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2023.2265335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2265335","url":null,"abstract":"In a global context of simultaneous urbanization and rising ambient temperatures, it is imperative to design heat-resilient and material-efficient neighbourhoods that respond to the pressing demand for housing with minimal environmental impact. With this goal in mind, the work presented here focuses on the integration of heat dissipation systems within structural building components, introducing a novel framework for their systems-level simulation and design. Two well-studied, low-cost systems (shallow geothermal and night-sky cooling) are modelled within a parametric design workflow that combines bottom-up structural embodied carbon calculations with annual building energy simulations that account for heat sink availability. The proposed method results in a fast and reliable early-stage design tool that allows urban planners, policymakers, and designers to evaluate the suitability of available heat dissipation technologies across climates and urban morphologies. This paper analyzes specifically the multi-domain performance of a hypothetical urban geometry within three different cooling-dominated locations (Algiers, Cairo, and Bangkok).","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135350949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2023.2258843
N. J. Kelly, G. H. Flett, J. W. Hand
A statistical model to calculate dynamic, electric vehicle (EV) charging loads at public hubs, which can be used with building simulation tools is presented; it was generated using two, real datasets and shown to faithfully recreate the characteristics of charging seen in the monitored data. The model was used with a building simulation tool to assess the ability of rooftop PV with battery buffering to mitigate the effects of urban EV charging for a charging hub and car park in Glasgow, Scotland. The car park’s 200 kW PV array could fully-offset the demand of a fleet of approximately 50 vehicles. The addition of a small buffering battery (<100 kWh) significantly increased utilization of renewable energy, and reduced grid energy exchanges, but did little to mitigate peak demands.
{"title":"Developing a statistical electric vehicle charging model and its application in the performance assessment of a sustainable urban charging hub","authors":"N. J. Kelly, G. H. Flett, J. W. Hand","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2023.2258843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2258843","url":null,"abstract":"A statistical model to calculate dynamic, electric vehicle (EV) charging loads at public hubs, which can be used with building simulation tools is presented; it was generated using two, real datasets and shown to faithfully recreate the characteristics of charging seen in the monitored data. The model was used with a building simulation tool to assess the ability of rooftop PV with battery buffering to mitigate the effects of urban EV charging for a charging hub and car park in Glasgow, Scotland. The car park’s 200 kW PV array could fully-offset the demand of a fleet of approximately 50 vehicles. The addition of a small buffering battery (<100 kWh) significantly increased utilization of renewable energy, and reduced grid energy exchanges, but did little to mitigate peak demands.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2023.2253458
Minu Agarwal, Luisa Pastore, Marilyne Andersen
At the conceptual-stage, building performance simulation (BPS) based evaluations are being increasingly used for tasks such as ranking of competing massing design proposals. However, such conceptual stage evaluations suffer from information deficiency in building level design attributes. The resulting uncertainty in performance evaluations raises questions regarding their usefulness for decision-making. We used a risk-based decision evaluation metric called expected opportunity loss to assess the reliability of a BPS-based ranking of conceptual stage massing schemes. We found daylighting assessments (spatial Daylight Autonomy) to be least reliable, with 22% chance of making an incorrect decision at the conceptual stage, followed by annual heating (15%) and cooling demand (8%). This work provides a structured framework for evaluating utility of conceptual stage BPS models and a purposeful basis for integration of BPS assessments in the design process, subject to level of design development.
{"title":"Risk of incorrect choices due to uncertainty in BPS evaluations of conceptual-stage neighbourhood-scale building designs","authors":"Minu Agarwal, Luisa Pastore, Marilyne Andersen","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2023.2253458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2253458","url":null,"abstract":"At the conceptual-stage, building performance simulation (BPS) based evaluations are being increasingly used for tasks such as ranking of competing massing design proposals. However, such conceptual stage evaluations suffer from information deficiency in building level design attributes. The resulting uncertainty in performance evaluations raises questions regarding their usefulness for decision-making. We used a risk-based decision evaluation metric called expected opportunity loss to assess the reliability of a BPS-based ranking of conceptual stage massing schemes. We found daylighting assessments (spatial Daylight Autonomy) to be least reliable, with 22% chance of making an incorrect decision at the conceptual stage, followed by annual heating (15%) and cooling demand (8%). This work provides a structured framework for evaluating utility of conceptual stage BPS models and a purposeful basis for integration of BPS assessments in the design process, subject to level of design development.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2023.2256690
Rustam S. Zakirullin, Irina A. Odenbakh
{"title":"Simulating annual autoregulation of daylight by grating smart window with angular-selective transmission","authors":"Rustam S. Zakirullin, Irina A. Odenbakh","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2023.2256690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2023.2256690","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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