Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2056636
Sampath Suranjan Salins, S. Reddy, Shiva Kumar
In the present study, a mathematical model is constructed to simulate the heat and mass transfer process in a counterflow multistage reciprocating dehumidifier unit. Four packings are positioned at different positions where a camshaft mechanism controls their linear motion. Packings dip inside the Calcium Chloride desiccant instead of the conventional spray technique, improving the wettability and dehumidification effect. Theoretical and experimental results are compared. System performance is analyzed by varying the number of packing and performance parameters such as outlet temperature, specific humidity, moisture effectiveness, moisture removal rate, mass transfer coefficient and pressure change. Results indicated that the system gave maximum moisture effectiveness, moisture removal rate and mass transfer coefficient equal to 0.75, 2.21 g/s and 15.08 kg/m2−s. Stage-wise evaluation of the performance shows that there is a significant improvement in the dehumidification performance by the addition of multiple stages.
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental study of the multistage dynamic dehumidifier for enhanced thermal comfort conditions in a building","authors":"Sampath Suranjan Salins, S. Reddy, Shiva Kumar","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2056636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2056636","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a mathematical model is constructed to simulate the heat and mass transfer process in a counterflow multistage reciprocating dehumidifier unit. Four packings are positioned at different positions where a camshaft mechanism controls their linear motion. Packings dip inside the Calcium Chloride desiccant instead of the conventional spray technique, improving the wettability and dehumidification effect. Theoretical and experimental results are compared. System performance is analyzed by varying the number of packing and performance parameters such as outlet temperature, specific humidity, moisture effectiveness, moisture removal rate, mass transfer coefficient and pressure change. Results indicated that the system gave maximum moisture effectiveness, moisture removal rate and mass transfer coefficient equal to 0.75, 2.21 g/s and 15.08 kg/m2−s. Stage-wise evaluation of the performance shows that there is a significant improvement in the dehumidification performance by the addition of multiple stages.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":"72 1","pages":"345 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74667619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2021.2022759
Yuanmeng Li, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Shimoda
Occupant behaviour models play an important role in building energy demand modelling. Useful simulation algorithms have been developed in previous studies; however, the pre-simulation process to prepare modelling parameters for simulated occupants has received less attention. This study elaborated on the pre-simulation process and evaluated how it may alter model performance. We selected the activity-starting probability using American time use survey data as an example. The model performance was compared under three cases representing different numbers and types of variables together with three parameter preparation methods: multinomial log-linear regression, support vector machine, and artificial neural network. All the methods considering basic demographic and time-related variables performed well in reproducing the average probabilities. An increase in significant variables contributed to the reproduction of inter-occupant diversity. All the methods showed similar performances within the given dataset, although they were practically different. The results offer practical guidance for shaping the pre-simulation process.
{"title":"Impact of the pre-simulation process of occupant behaviour modelling for residential energy demand simulations","authors":"Yuanmeng Li, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Shimoda","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2021.2022759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2021.2022759","url":null,"abstract":"Occupant behaviour models play an important role in building energy demand modelling. Useful simulation algorithms have been developed in previous studies; however, the pre-simulation process to prepare modelling parameters for simulated occupants has received less attention. This study elaborated on the pre-simulation process and evaluated how it may alter model performance. We selected the activity-starting probability using American time use survey data as an example. The model performance was compared under three cases representing different numbers and types of variables together with three parameter preparation methods: multinomial log-linear regression, support vector machine, and artificial neural network. All the methods considering basic demographic and time-related variables performed well in reproducing the average probabilities. An increase in significant variables contributed to the reproduction of inter-occupant diversity. All the methods showed similar performances within the given dataset, although they were practically different. The results offer practical guidance for shaping the pre-simulation process.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":"15 1","pages":"287 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77373081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2047225
Y. Yau, U. A. Rajput
In this paper, the performance of an integrated variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system with the stratum ventilation (SV) system was numerically examined and compared with the experimental measurements in terms of temperature distribution and airflow patterns. In total six different configurations were designed and analyzed. The results suggest that configuration 5 was greatly satisfied the airflow movement needs. The positive thermal gradient with a modest airflow velocity (< 0.8 m/s) was setup in the entire breathing zone. The indoor temperature in the range of 20°C–22°C was seen throughout the occupied space, except for some places near the walls. Furthermore, a very strong airflow throw from the SV supply terminals was observed with the recommended value of face velocity. Hence, the VRF-SV hybrid system could achieve a better thermal comfort (TC) and indoor air quality (IAQ) in large ACMV applications.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of a novel VRF-SV hybrid system performance in a large retail facility in the tropics","authors":"Y. Yau, U. A. Rajput","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2047225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2047225","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the performance of an integrated variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system with the stratum ventilation (SV) system was numerically examined and compared with the experimental measurements in terms of temperature distribution and airflow patterns. In total six different configurations were designed and analyzed. The results suggest that configuration 5 was greatly satisfied the airflow movement needs. The positive thermal gradient with a modest airflow velocity (< 0.8 m/s) was setup in the entire breathing zone. The indoor temperature in the range of 20°C–22°C was seen throughout the occupied space, except for some places near the walls. Furthermore, a very strong airflow throw from the SV supply terminals was observed with the recommended value of face velocity. Hence, the VRF-SV hybrid system could achieve a better thermal comfort (TC) and indoor air quality (IAQ) in large ACMV applications.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":"20 1","pages":"323 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74341417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2044906
S. Bucking, M. Rostami, Joshua Reinhart, Max St-Jacques
Climate change brings several challenges to BPS practitioners beyond GHG emission mitigation. Adaptation to grid-outage events, caused by both acute and chronic stresses, requires consideration of how building services can be provided to occupants in a time of need. At the moment, we lack both the tools and processes to quantify key metrics such as thermal resiliency in tandem with annual performance indicators. This paper proposes a multi-objective approach using thermal resiliency, annual net-energy, and life-cycle cost to better quantify building performance during grid-outages. The approach can handle a variety of events, using shortened simulation periods, and consider cost-implications of outages by applying the value of the lost load to annual operational costs. The methodology is demonstrated using a case-study and a historical grid-outage from an ice-storm event. Resiliency indicators are improved by two times and the payback of upgrade packages is decreased to 14 years for a single outage event.
{"title":"On modelling of resiliency events using building performance simulation: a multi-objective approach","authors":"S. Bucking, M. Rostami, Joshua Reinhart, Max St-Jacques","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2044906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2044906","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change brings several challenges to BPS practitioners beyond GHG emission mitigation. Adaptation to grid-outage events, caused by both acute and chronic stresses, requires consideration of how building services can be provided to occupants in a time of need. At the moment, we lack both the tools and processes to quantify key metrics such as thermal resiliency in tandem with annual performance indicators. This paper proposes a multi-objective approach using thermal resiliency, annual net-energy, and life-cycle cost to better quantify building performance during grid-outages. The approach can handle a variety of events, using shortened simulation periods, and consider cost-implications of outages by applying the value of the lost load to annual operational costs. The methodology is demonstrated using a case-study and a historical grid-outage from an ice-storm event. Resiliency indicators are improved by two times and the payback of upgrade packages is decreased to 14 years for a single outage event.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":"40 1","pages":"307 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83552738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2046165
Reem Abd Elraouf, A. Elmokadem, Naglaa A. Megahed, O. A. Eleinen, Sara Eltarabily
Thermal comfort plays a significant role in encouraging people to utilize outdoor spaces. Therefore, this feature must be analyzed and evaluated in order to be improvised. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an alternative technique that predicts thermal comfort and environmental parameters. Validation of CFD is important to ensure its effectiveness. This study assessed the performance of ENVI-met for its ability to estimate thermal indices (PET) by comparing it to field measurement for various points in a street canyon in Port Said, Egypt, throughout the summer and winter seasons. Except for the limited air velocity correlation, the results presented very good agreement, particularly with respect to the final results of the PET visually curved and numerical values, with an index of agreement value ranging from 0.81 to 0.95. The study's conclusions concern the use of the ENVI-met simulation model as a tool for assessing outdoor thermal comfort. Highlights Outdoor thermal comfort was investigated in a hot-humid climate. The effectiveness of using a Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software program such as ENVI-met was evaluated as an alternative technique in urban design. Varied environmental parameters and outdoor thermal comfort indices were evaluated. It was concluded that validating CFD simulation through field measurement was significant in offering integrated decisions for urban design. Abbreviations: Environmental parameters; Ta; Air temperature; Tmrt; Mean radiant temperature; RH; Relative humidity; Va; Air velocity; Thermal comfort indices; PMV; Predicted mean vote; r; PPD; Predicted percentage of dissatisfaction; PET; Physiological Equivalent Temperature; UTCI; Universal Thermal Climate; UCB; University of California-Berkeley; ETU; universal effective temperature; Simulation Software; CFD; Computational fluid dynamics; UCB; University of California-Berkeley; LES; Large Eddy Simulation; RANS; Reynolds Averaged Navier Stoke; Error calculations; r; Pearson correlation coefficient; R2; Coefficient of determination; RMSE; Root Mean Squared Error; MAE; Mean Absolute Error; IA; Index of agreement; ASHRAE; American Society of Heating; Refrigeration; and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
{"title":"Evaluating urban outdoor thermal comfort: a validation of ENVI-met simulation through field measurement","authors":"Reem Abd Elraouf, A. Elmokadem, Naglaa A. Megahed, O. A. Eleinen, Sara Eltarabily","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2046165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2046165","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal comfort plays a significant role in encouraging people to utilize outdoor spaces. Therefore, this feature must be analyzed and evaluated in order to be improvised. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an alternative technique that predicts thermal comfort and environmental parameters. Validation of CFD is important to ensure its effectiveness. This study assessed the performance of ENVI-met for its ability to estimate thermal indices (PET) by comparing it to field measurement for various points in a street canyon in Port Said, Egypt, throughout the summer and winter seasons. Except for the limited air velocity correlation, the results presented very good agreement, particularly with respect to the final results of the PET visually curved and numerical values, with an index of agreement value ranging from 0.81 to 0.95. The study's conclusions concern the use of the ENVI-met simulation model as a tool for assessing outdoor thermal comfort. Highlights Outdoor thermal comfort was investigated in a hot-humid climate. The effectiveness of using a Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software program such as ENVI-met was evaluated as an alternative technique in urban design. Varied environmental parameters and outdoor thermal comfort indices were evaluated. It was concluded that validating CFD simulation through field measurement was significant in offering integrated decisions for urban design. Abbreviations: Environmental parameters; Ta; Air temperature; Tmrt; Mean radiant temperature; RH; Relative humidity; Va; Air velocity; Thermal comfort indices; PMV; Predicted mean vote; r; PPD; Predicted percentage of dissatisfaction; PET; Physiological Equivalent Temperature; UTCI; Universal Thermal Climate; UCB; University of California-Berkeley; ETU; universal effective temperature; Simulation Software; CFD; Computational fluid dynamics; UCB; University of California-Berkeley; LES; Large Eddy Simulation; RANS; Reynolds Averaged Navier Stoke; Error calculations; r; Pearson correlation coefficient; R2; Coefficient of determination; RMSE; Root Mean Squared Error; MAE; Mean Absolute Error; IA; Index of agreement; ASHRAE; American Society of Heating; Refrigeration; and Air-Conditioning Engineers.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":"44 1","pages":"268 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73789941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2038270
Muhammad Zeeshan, Zaib Ali, Emad Ud Din
ABSTRACT Climate change and the urban heat island (UHI) effects are increasing heat stress and adversely impacting outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas. The study demonstrates that thermal comfort conditions can be improved by reducing air temperature and surface temperature with the integration of street trees into the urban environment. In this work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations have been performed to analyze the cooling effect of street trees for heatwave period (18–22 June 2015) in a hot-humid urban environment. The results are then compared in-term-of air/surface temperature, flow-velocity and apparent temperature for the vegetation case, open-space case, and built case. The analysis shows that the vegetation can effectively decrease surrounding temperature (a reduction of 1.2 K), thereby reducing energy consumption and effectively promote thermal comfort conditions. The study findings will encourage city planners and citizens to take action for urban greening.
{"title":"Thermal performance prediction of street trees inside isolated open spaces – evaluations from real scale retrofitting project","authors":"Muhammad Zeeshan, Zaib Ali, Emad Ud Din","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2038270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2038270","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change and the urban heat island (UHI) effects are increasing heat stress and adversely impacting outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas. The study demonstrates that thermal comfort conditions can be improved by reducing air temperature and surface temperature with the integration of street trees into the urban environment. In this work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations have been performed to analyze the cooling effect of street trees for heatwave period (18–22 June 2015) in a hot-humid urban environment. The results are then compared in-term-of air/surface temperature, flow-velocity and apparent temperature for the vegetation case, open-space case, and built case. The analysis shows that the vegetation can effectively decrease surrounding temperature (a reduction of 1.2 K), thereby reducing energy consumption and effectively promote thermal comfort conditions. The study findings will encourage city planners and citizens to take action for urban greening.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"381 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87215097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2022.2032352
Sang-woo Ham, P. Karava, Ilias Bilionis, J. Braun
We present a scalable and practical method for disaggregating electrical usage for heat pump heating and cooling (HC) that uses low-resolution data from existing smart energy metres and smart thermostats. The disaggregation model is based on a Bayesian approach to account for the skewed characteristics of HC and non-HC energy consumption and adopts sequential Bayesian update to enable reliable predictions without long-term data. The modelling approach is demonstrated using disaggregated electricity consumption and thermostat operation signal data in two multi-family residential communities located in two different cities in Indiana, U.S. The results show that the model successfully disaggregated HC electricity consumption for various housing units by using 15-minute interval data with less than 12% error for a weekly time interval. Finally, seasonal parameters of the model were updated when a new HC operation signal was observed resulting in good predictions for different seasons.
{"title":"A scalable and practical method for disaggregating heating and cooling electrical usage using smart thermostat and smart metre data","authors":"Sang-woo Ham, P. Karava, Ilias Bilionis, J. Braun","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2022.2032352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2032352","url":null,"abstract":"We present a scalable and practical method for disaggregating electrical usage for heat pump heating and cooling (HC) that uses low-resolution data from existing smart energy metres and smart thermostats. The disaggregation model is based on a Bayesian approach to account for the skewed characteristics of HC and non-HC energy consumption and adopts sequential Bayesian update to enable reliable predictions without long-term data. The modelling approach is demonstrated using disaggregated electricity consumption and thermostat operation signal data in two multi-family residential communities located in two different cities in Indiana, U.S. The results show that the model successfully disaggregated HC electricity consumption for various housing units by using 15-minute interval data with less than 12% error for a weekly time interval. Finally, seasonal parameters of the model were updated when a new HC operation signal was observed resulting in good predictions for different seasons.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":"142 1","pages":"251 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78196330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2021.2025266
Sampath Suranjan Salins, Shiva Kumar, Ritu Kiran Kartik, S. Reddy
In the present performance parameters is determined for the varied operating conditions using mathematical modelling. Outlet humidity ratio, Dry bulb temperature (DBT), cooling efficiency and cooling effect have been predicted by varying the air velocities, inlet DBT, inlet relative humidity (RH) and pad thickness for three different wettability of Celdek packing. Predicted results revealed that cooling effect, saturation efficiency, ΔDBT and humidity ratio are found to be increasing with the increase in pad thickness and wettability of the material. An increase in the inlet air flow rate and RH resulted in a decrease in ΔDBT, humidity ratio and cooling efficiency. The maximum performance of ΔDBT, ΔRH, saturation efficiency and cooling effects have been observed for Celdek 7090 and are equal to 6°C, 55%, 90% and 7000 Watts for the thickness of 0.3 m, wettability of 630 m2/m3. Wettability of 630 m2/m3 & thickness 0.3 m gave maximum performance.
{"title":"Numerical analysis-based performance prediction in a direct evaporative cooler used for building cooling","authors":"Sampath Suranjan Salins, Shiva Kumar, Ritu Kiran Kartik, S. Reddy","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2021.2025266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2021.2025266","url":null,"abstract":"In the present performance parameters is determined for the varied operating conditions using mathematical modelling. Outlet humidity ratio, Dry bulb temperature (DBT), cooling efficiency and cooling effect have been predicted by varying the air velocities, inlet DBT, inlet relative humidity (RH) and pad thickness for three different wettability of Celdek packing. Predicted results revealed that cooling effect, saturation efficiency, ΔDBT and humidity ratio are found to be increasing with the increase in pad thickness and wettability of the material. An increase in the inlet air flow rate and RH resulted in a decrease in ΔDBT, humidity ratio and cooling efficiency. The maximum performance of ΔDBT, ΔRH, saturation efficiency and cooling effects have been observed for Celdek 7090 and are equal to 6°C, 55%, 90% and 7000 Watts for the thickness of 0.3 m, wettability of 630 m2/m3. Wettability of 630 m2/m3 & thickness 0.3 m gave maximum performance.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":"59 1","pages":"237 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80154086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2021.2019309
Weihao Liu, H. Burak Gunay, M. Ouf
Mixed-mode ventilation is a design feature to improve building energy efficiency and indoor air quality. However, in practice, it does not always achieve better performance, largely due to inappropriate window operations. The research effort is also limited when exploring approaches to regulate manually operable windows. The present study found that the unregulated window operations could increase the heating load up to 21% and cooling load by 22% relative to identical buildings with fixed windows in a cold climate. To regulate the manually operable windows, we investigated the effectiveness of employing HVAC terminal devices’ by improving the control sequences. The control sequences could apply setbacks on thermostat setpoints to nudge occupants to undertake window opening and closing actions. The control sequences were tested by the building performance simulation (BPS), and 3-16% of energy reductions could be achieved when control sequences encouraged occupants to undertake energy-efficient window use behaviours.
{"title":"Regulating window operations using HVAC terminal devices’ control sequences: a simulation-based investigation","authors":"Weihao Liu, H. Burak Gunay, M. Ouf","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2021.2019309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2021.2019309","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed-mode ventilation is a design feature to improve building energy efficiency and indoor air quality. However, in practice, it does not always achieve better performance, largely due to inappropriate window operations. The research effort is also limited when exploring approaches to regulate manually operable windows. The present study found that the unregulated window operations could increase the heating load up to 21% and cooling load by 22% relative to identical buildings with fixed windows in a cold climate. To regulate the manually operable windows, we investigated the effectiveness of employing HVAC terminal devices’ by improving the control sequences. The control sequences could apply setbacks on thermostat setpoints to nudge occupants to undertake window opening and closing actions. The control sequences were tested by the building performance simulation (BPS), and 3-16% of energy reductions could be achieved when control sequences encouraged occupants to undertake energy-efficient window use behaviours.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":"39 1","pages":"194 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77211034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2021.2021286
Kun Zhang, David H. Blum, Hwakong Cheng, G. Paliaga, M. Wetter, J. Granderson
ASHRAE Guideline 36 (G36) publishes high-performance control sequences for Variable Air Volume (VAV) system operation. Retrofitting existing VAV control sequences to G36 promises to have a large potential for energy savings. However, it is difficult to estimate the savings accurately and the process of doing so can be costly and time-consuming. This paper evaluates the energy use of a multi-zone VAV system with terminal reheat using the G36 sequences and compares it to a group of baseline control sequences that represent existing practices. Spawn of EnergyPlus is used for the whole building simulation, where the envelope is modelled in EnergyPlus and the HVAC equipment and its pressure-flow network and the control sequences are modelled in Modelica. The comparison of the control sequences performance is further conducted in parametric studies. For a medium-sized commercial building, the G36 sequences provide a wide range of HVAC energy savings with an average of 31%.
{"title":"Estimating ASHRAE Guideline 36 energy savings for multi-zone variable air volume systems using Spawn of EnergyPlus","authors":"Kun Zhang, David H. Blum, Hwakong Cheng, G. Paliaga, M. Wetter, J. Granderson","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2021.2021286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2021.2021286","url":null,"abstract":"ASHRAE Guideline 36 (G36) publishes high-performance control sequences for Variable Air Volume (VAV) system operation. Retrofitting existing VAV control sequences to G36 promises to have a large potential for energy savings. However, it is difficult to estimate the savings accurately and the process of doing so can be costly and time-consuming. This paper evaluates the energy use of a multi-zone VAV system with terminal reheat using the G36 sequences and compares it to a group of baseline control sequences that represent existing practices. Spawn of EnergyPlus is used for the whole building simulation, where the envelope is modelled in EnergyPlus and the HVAC equipment and its pressure-flow network and the control sequences are modelled in Modelica. The comparison of the control sequences performance is further conducted in parametric studies. For a medium-sized commercial building, the G36 sequences provide a wide range of HVAC energy savings with an average of 31%.","PeriodicalId":49168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","volume":"37 1","pages":"215 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85046953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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