Iranian Journal of Public Health最新文献

Background: Organizational health literacy (OHL) plays a crucial role in improving patients' understanding and engagement in hospital care. Despite its importance, little is known about the comprehensive dimensions of OHL from a managerial perspective. This study aimed to identify key dimensions that can influence OHL in hospital settings to enhance patient care.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted to examine studies published from 2012-2024 regarding OHL in hospitals. Relevant studies were identified using a structured search strategy across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Overall, 39 articles were selected after screening, and content analysis was performed using MAXQDA-10. The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews.

Results: The analysis identified six core dimensions of OHL: (i) leadership and management, (ii) policy and strategy formulation, (iii) human resources, (iv) organizational resources (including financial, physical, and informational), (v) processes, products, and services, and (vi) results. These dimensions were further categorized into 21 subcategories. Each dimension outlines essential components for improving hospital OHL, such as leadership support, staff training, communication strategies, and resource allocation. Additionally, the study highlights the role of technology, including electronic health literacy, in improving organizational performance.

Conclusion: By addressing the key dimensions that influence organizational health literacy in hospitals, hospital administrators can enhance patient understanding of healthcare services, improve safety and satisfaction levels, and foster a culture of health literacy. The provided framework offers a valuable management approach for integrating OHL into hospital operations, potentially leading to more informed and health-literate patient communities.

Background: To assess the effect of different treatment protocols on anthropometric measures, lipid profile, and weight-related quality of life amid the pandemic.

Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted at Hacettepe University's Family Medicine outpatient clinics in Ankara, Turkey, in 2022. Participants were stratified into three groups: intervention, control-1, and control-2. The intervention group received a calorie-restricted diet, exercise program, and follow-up calls every 15 days. Control-1 received the same plan with a single follow-up at week 4. Control-2 received general dietary and exercise advice and regular follow-up calls every 15 days. Outcomes were measured at baseline and 12 weeks, including quality of life assessed with the Turkish IWQOL-Lite scale.

Results: We 153 participants, with 51 individuals per group. At the 12th week, all groups exhibited significant improvements in weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, and quality of life scores. The intervention group demonstrated improvements in physical function, self-esteem, work, and total quality of life score compared to baseline (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Developing and adhering to a personalized exercise and diet plan is crucial for maintaining a healthy lifestyle, even during a pandemic.

Background: Pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) is considered a precursor stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and serves as an early warning sign for the disease. However, most studies only analyze the risk factors of T2DM, ignore the exploration of PDM.

Methods: Here 28,208 patients with T2DM were selected from 5 cities in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province, China in 2017. Then a 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted according to the matching conditions. Finally, 28208 patients with PDM and 28208 patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were matched, and when multiple subjects were matched, the same subjects in the region were preferredOrdered multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of T2DM and PDM. When analyzing the relationship between overweight, obesity, smoking, and T2DM, factors such as age, education level, exercise were adjusted.

Results: Overweight, obesity (OR=1.427, 95%CI:1.388~1.468; OR=1.829,95%CI:1.753~1.908) and smoking (OR=1.161,95%CI:1.113~1.212) were risk factors for the onset of T2DM by ordered multiple logistic regression. There was an additive interaction between overweight obesity and smoking in the developing of T2DM. Moreover, there were 0.196(0.051~0.341) relative excess risk due to the additive interaction, 9.1% (2.0%-16.1%) of T2DM exposed to both risk factors was attributable to the additive interaction, and the risk of T2DM in overweight and obese smokers was 1.203(1.004-1.402) times as high as the sum of risks in the participants exposed to a single risk factor too.

Conclusion: Overweight obesity and smoking are the risk factors for the onset of T2DM.

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between hand types and somatotypes of healthy young individuals.

Materials: Overall, 312 volunteering individuals (152 F, 160 M) from Karabük University (Karabük, Türkiye), between the ages of 17 and 35 years were included in this prospective study. The somatotypes of the individuals were measured using a previously formed Excel template based on the Heath-Carter method. Factor analysis and clustering analysis were conducted with the 17 parameters measured.

Results: The mean body mass index of female participants was 21.23±3.30 kg/m², while that of males was 23.48±3.52 kg/m². When the somatotypes of individuals were examined, 5 different groups were found to be balanced: ectomorph, endomorphic mesomorph, mesomorph endomorph, mesomorphic endomorph, and central. As a result of these factors, it was concluded that there were 4 hand types: short palm short finger, long palm long finger, wide hand long finger, narrow hand short finger. The distribution of hand types between somatotype groups, the result that endomorphic mesomorph group had long palm long finger and wide hand long finger, while balanced ectomorph group had narrow hand short finger was found to be statistically significant (x²=55.817; df=12, P<0.05).

Conclusion: The difference between somatotypes was not only in body types, but also in hand anthropometry. We believe that the fact that these results can be used as anatomical data in product design, ergonomics, and preliminary design of interfaces for young individuals in the Turkish population will contribute to experts interested in this field.

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infection disease among children, which is caused by human enterovirus (EV) family. The absence of cross-protection against different EV sub-types, makes HFMD reinfection common. Thus, we aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of HFMD reinfection in Qingdao City.

Methods: Data on HFMD cases from 2014 to 2022 were obtained from National Infectious Surveillance System. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent risk factors of HFMD reinfection.

Results: Overall, 78422 HFMD cases were enrolled. Of these, 2041 cases were classified as reinfection, corresponding to the reinfection rate of 2.60%. The median time interval between the primary infection and secondary infection was 12.75 (IQR=12.24) months. The seasonal peak of reinfection occurred from June to August each year. Multivarite logistic analysis showed that male, younger age, scattered children, severe cases, hospitalization, and EV71 infection were risk factors for HFMD reinfection. The proportion of patients infected with EV71 in the primary infection cases was higher than that in non-reinfection cases (OR=1.83, 95%CI=1.29-2.60).

Conclusion: Boys aged 5 years and below, especially those with severe cases and first infected with EV71 are more prone to reinfection. Therefore, authorities should implement targeted health education and intervention strategies to reduce the reinfection rate among vulnerable population.

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between nutritional status assessed by the diet quality index with physical activity, sleep, and quality of life among young adults.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional research utilized a sample of 700 university students enrolled in the 2021-2022 academic year at a private university's Faculty of Health Sciences in Istanbul, Türkiye. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews with Information Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), World Health Organization Quality of Life-Short Form-Turkish Version (WHOQOL-BREF-TR) and 24-Hour Food Consumption Record. The dietary quality of the participants assessed via Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I).

Results: The study revealed inadequate diet quality among young adults, with a mean DQI-I score of 33.08±7.03. According to PSQI assessment, 85.3% of them had impoverished sleep quality, and according to IPAQ assessment, 23.3% of them were physically inactive. In comparing participants' characteristics with DQII, a positive correlation observed between age and both DQI-I-Total (P=0.017) and Variety sub-dimension (P=0.027). Furthermore, statistically significant differences identified between Moderation sub-dimension and economic situation (P=0.032), as well as between Variety sub-dimension and sleep duration (P=0.044). No statistically significant association found between diet quality and either sleep quality or physical activity levels (P>0.05). However, a significant relationship observed solely between Variety sub-dimension and social relationship sub-dimension of WHOQOL-BREF-TR (P=0.033).

Conclusion: This study observed a significant correlation between dietary diversity and quality of life, whereas no significant correlation observed between diet quality and sleep quality, physical activity level, or quality of life.

Background: We aimed to comprehensively summarise and classify the rules for selecting acupoints for acupuncture for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs).

Methods: We searched relevant literature in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database from the inception of the database to 18 Aug 2023. Following literature screening, data extraction, standardised processing, frequency analysis, association rules analysis, and correlation analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel, IBM SPSS Modeller, Cytoscape, and R software.

Results: Zusanli (ST36), Tianshu (ST25), and Shangjuxu (ST37) were the most used acupoints. The stomach meridian, conception vessel, and bladder meridian were the more commonly used. The Five-shu points were the most used acupoints. The Shangjuxu-Tianshu (ST37-ST25) combination was the most common acupuncture combination in clinical settings. Furthermore, the acupoints ST36, ST25, Zhongwan (CV12), and Guanyuan (CV4) constituted the core groups of acupoints.

Conclusion: We summarized the current characteristics of acupuncture treatment for FGIDs, including the selection of acupoints, meridians, and specific acupoints. The stomach meridian of foot-yangming is frequently utilised, as it aligns with the core meridian theory of "Where the meridian passes through, that's the key point of healing" and "The relationship between meridians and internal Zangfu ()". The treatment of FGIDs focuses on specific acupoints, with the most effective option being the combination of the Front Mu and Lower-he(sea) points. These findings provide novel insights for the clinical management of FGIDs.