Iranian Journal of Public Health最新文献

Background: We examined the association of breakfast habits with hypertension and obesity risk among Korean adults and older adults, focusing on sex-based and age-based differences.

Methods: We collected data from 2,779 adults (1,380 men and 1,399 women, aged 19-64 years) and 623 older adults (289 men and 334 women, aged ≥65 years) from the 2015 Korea National Physical Fitness Project, an extensive survey organized biennially by the Korea Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Korea Institute of Sport Science.

Results: For women aged 19 to 64 yr, skipping breakfast was linked to an increased likelihood of developing both high blood pressure and obesity. For men aged 19-64 years, having breakfast irregularly or replacing it with snacks were linked to a reduced likelihood of hypertension, whereas skipping breakfast slightly elevated the risk. For older women aged above 65 years, irregular breakfast consumption or replacing it with snacks was linked to a heightened likelihood of developing hypertension. Nonetheless, there was no notable correlation identified between breakfast habits and obesity in men and older adults. In older men and women, consistent physical exercise proved to be an essential factor in mitigating the chance of hypertension.

Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of sex- and age-specific public health strategies, with implications for public health interventions and guidelines that promote regular breakfast consumption and physical activity.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical implications of metabolic syndrome in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases using key terms related to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Access to subscription-based journals was facilitated through the HINARI program. Study quality was assessed using the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa scale, with a minimum inclusion score of ≥5/10. Statistical analysis included a meta-analysis using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model to determine the pooled prevalence, with heterogeneity assessed using Cochran's Q and I² statistics. Publication bias was evaluated via funnel plot symmetry. Analyses were conducted using Stata/MP 17.0.

Results: The meta-analysis revealed a pooled effect size of 1.98 (95% CI: 1.85, 2.10), with significant heterogeneity (I² = 92.35%). Prevalence ranged from 19.88% to 88.13%, underscoring a substantial burden. Variations in HbA1c, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and BMI highlighted the heterogeneity in metabolic syndrome characteristics. Advanced statistical approaches enriched the understanding of metabolic profiles and their interplay with glycemic control and lipid metabolism.

Conclusion: This study underscores the critical interplay between glycemic control and lipid profiles in metabolic syndrome. The findings emphasize the need for tailored, region-specific interventions to address its substantial burden and implications for clinical practice and policy.

Background: It is critical to precisely assess the presence of cardiovascular (CV) risk in military personnel, in order to avoid potentially CV-events. In Iran limited number of studies have been performed on military personnel and their CV-risk. We aimed to investigate correlation between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in military personnel.

Methods: The present cross-sectional analytical study, analyzed the data of 559 military personnel in Tehran, Iran in 2023. The dataset sourced from the registry system. The biochemical analysis of blood samples was performed by a biomedical analysis company. The univariate regression analyses were conducted through separate univariate linear regression within the obesity group.

Results: The mean age of personnel was 36.58 years. Among obese personel, there was an inverse relationship between age and cholesterol β=-0.11. Moreover, hemoglobin β=-0.68 and MCH β=-0.33 were significantly related to high cholesterol, MCH is associated with risk of metabolic syndrome (β=-0.57). Moreover among obese personnel, lower uric acid levels and higher ALT levels are correlated with an increased risk of Diabetes.

Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity in military personnel was the same as in the general population. Diabetes, hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, obesity, and metabolic syndrome were all linked to CVD risk factors among military personnel. Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in military personnel was lower than their peers in other countries, other risk factors of CVD were prevalent among military personnel.

Background: We aimed to investigate the subject matters and the quality of publications detailing the findings of cohort studies within the realm of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

Methods: A scoping review was conducted on cohort studies in the CAM field up to the conclusion of 2023. The evaluation of their quality was carried out utilizing the 'Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology' (STROBE) checklist. Moreover, an analysis of their research settings and associated variables, including publication year, type of disease, intervention method, and study field, was conducted.

Results: Overall, 215 articles were identified. The majority of these cohorts, approximately 42.3%, originated from Taiwan, with stroke and cardiovascular diseases emerging as the most prevalent outcomes of interest. The mean STROBE score was 1.38 (SD=0.57) out of 2. The lowest scores were associated with the methods and funding sections. Methodologically, the principal weaknesses were linked to sample size, loss to follow-up, and bias control.

Conclusion: The frequency of cohort studies in CAM was limited, predominantly concentrated in a few countries. Chinese medicine and acupuncture were the main intervention methods, while other CAM interventions received less focus. Furthermore, the quality of these studies was deemed unsatisfactory in most cases.

Due to the significant advancement of modern societies, higher education, career growth, and economic independence, more young girls are likely to delay childbearing beyond 30 years of age. The trend of delayed childbearing is more pronounced in industrialized countries but is also becoming common in emerging countries. Delayed childbearing has been linked with several adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, abnormal placentation, gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-term births, low birthweight, perinatal mortality, congenital birth defects, and chromosomal abnormalities. In this review, we have highlighted the trend of delayed childbearing age, the role of education and employment in delayed childbearing age, and its potential impact on adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes in developed and developing countries.

Background: Air pollution has become a serious threat to public health. Epidemiological and clinical evidence in recent years has shown air pollutants are associated with respiratory diseases. We aimed to analyze the impact of environmental factors on influenza incidence by examining the most polluted countries in the world.

Methods: To analyze the relationship between environmental factors and influenza incidence in eighteen countries, we used a system generalized method of moments (GMM) using data from 2010 to 2020.

Results: The results suggest a positive effect of air pollution (PM_2.5 and NO₂) and population density on the incidence of influenza. While government health expenditures and education have a negative effect on influenza in the studied countries.

Conclusion: Our results confirmed the importance of environmental and social factors in the incidence of influenza. Furthermore, our results are interesting and informative for policymakers to design public health policies synchronized with other policies such as education, industrial, and environmental policies, for better management of influenza.

Background: We used the Predictive Model Bias Risk Assessment tool (PROBAST) tool to systematically evaluate the existing models worldwide, in order to provide a reference for clinical staff to select and optimize DFU recurrence risk prediction models.

Methods: Literature on DFU recurrence risk prediction model construction published in CNKI, China Biomedical Literature Database, Vipu China Knowledge, China Biomedical Literature Database, Vipu Chinese Journal Service Platform, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and other databases were systematically searched. The search period was until January 29, 2024, encompassing all relevant studies published up to that date. Literature screening and data extraction were conducted by two researchers, and the PROBAST was used to evaluate the bias risk and applicability of the included literature.

Results: Finally, 9 literatures were included, 13 prediction models were established, and the area under the AUC or C-index ranged from 0.660 to 0.943. Nine models were validated internally and one model was validated externally. All the models constructed in the included literature are of high-risk bias, and the applicability of the models is reasonable. Common predictors in the prediction model were Wagner scale, glycosylated hemoglobin, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Conclusion: Although most of the existing DFU risk prediction models have good prediction performance, they all have high risk of bias. It is suggested that researchers should update the existing models in the future, and future modeling studies should follow the reporting norms, so as to develop a scientific, effective and convenient risk prediction model that is more conducive to clinical practice.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on global suicide attempt rates. This study evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide attempts in the Kerman Province, eastern Iran.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Data on suicide attempt cases in Kerman Province was obtained from the database of Mental, Social, and Addiction Health Office of the Deputy for Health of Medical Sciences Universities from 2018 to 2021. An interrupted time-series model was used to assess the changes in suicide attempts before and after the pandemic.

Results: Suicide attempts exhibited a decreasing trend before the pandemic, with a monthly decrease of 0.9% (P<0.001). The immediate effect of the pandemic indicated that, at the beginning of the pandemic, there was a 4.5% increase in suicide attempts (P=0.134). The sustained effect of the pandemic showed that in the months following the onset of the pandemic, the rate of suicide attempts increased by 1.8% compared to before the pandemic (P<0.001). By the end of 2021, the number of suicide attempts per month exceeded the predicted amount based on pre-pandemic data. Factors such as marital status, education, occupation, place of residence, and previous suicide attempts were found to influence suicide attempts during the pandemic.

Conclusion: Given the significant increase in suicide attempts following the onset of the pandemic, it is crucial to prioritize the implementation of prevention and intervention programs during this crisis.

Background: Disabled college students are facing special life pressures and social challenges due to physical and psychological obstacles. Given such difficulties, they may experience a high level of negative emotion (NE) that aggravates their risk of suicidal ideation. As a positive psychological trait, self-acceptance is very important to promote the mental health of disabled college students and reduce their risk of committing suicide. A state of high-intensity hopelessness easily mediates the influence of the NE and self-acceptance of disabled college students.

Methods: A group questionnaire survey was conducted among 663 college students with disabilities across 16 universities from Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province, Shanghai City and Anhui Province of China. These surveys involved the use of a self-acceptance questionnaire, NE questionnaire, suicidal ideation questionnaire, and the Beck hopelessness scale, and the mediating role of hopelessness in the influence of NE and self-acceptance on the suicidal ideation of disabled college students was tested.

Results: Self-acceptance had a significantly negative influence on suicidal ideation (P<0.01), while NE exerted a significantly positive influence (P<0.01). Hopelessness partially mediated the influence of NE on the suicidal ideation of disabled college students and exerted a masking effect on the influence of self-acceptance on suicidal ideation. Hopelessness was a key psychological mechanism that bonds NE and self-acceptance with suicidal ideation.

Conclusion: The mental health intervention measures for disabled college students should include self-acceptance strategies and skills for reducing these students' NE to relieve their hopelessness and further reduce their risk of committing suicide.