Pub Date : 2023-09-23DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09531-4
Jan-Hendrik Heinrichs
Abstract Brain age prediction is a relatively new tool in neuro-medicine and the neurosciences. In research and clinical practice, it finds multiple use as a marker for biological age, for general health status of the brain and as an indicator for several brain-based disorders. Its utility in all these tasks depends on detecting outliers and thus failing to correctly predict chronological age. The indicative value of brain age prediction is generated by the gap between a brain’s chronological age and the predicted age, the brain age gap (BAG). This article shows how the clinical and research use of brain age prediction tacitly pathologizes the states that it is sensitive to. It will be argued that the tacit character of this transformation conceals the need for its explicit justification.
{"title":"Brain age Prediction and the Challenge of Biological Concepts of Aging","authors":"Jan-Hendrik Heinrichs","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09531-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09531-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Brain age prediction is a relatively new tool in neuro-medicine and the neurosciences. In research and clinical practice, it finds multiple use as a marker for biological age, for general health status of the brain and as an indicator for several brain-based disorders. Its utility in all these tasks depends on detecting outliers and thus failing to correctly predict chronological age. The indicative value of brain age prediction is generated by the gap between a brain’s chronological age and the predicted age, the brain age gap (BAG). This article shows how the clinical and research use of brain age prediction tacitly pathologizes the states that it is sensitive to. It will be argued that the tacit character of this transformation conceals the need for its explicit justification.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09530-5
Marianne Rochette, Matthew Valiquette, Claudia Barned, Eric Racine
{"title":"Addiction and Volitional Abilities: Stakeholders’ Understandings and their Ethical and Practical Implications","authors":"Marianne Rochette, Matthew Valiquette, Claudia Barned, Eric Racine","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09530-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09530-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136136736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09533-2
Sarah Diner
Abstract Advances in research on human cerebral organoids (HCOs) call for a critical review of current research policies. A challenge for the evaluation of necessary research regulations lies in the severe uncertainty about future trajectories the currently very rudimentary stages of neural cell cultures might take as the technology progresses. To gain insights into organotypic cultures, ethicists, legal scholars, and neuroscientists rely on resemblances to the human brain. They refer to similarities in structural or functional terms that have been established in scientific practice to validate organotypic cultures as models for brain research. In ethical discourse, however, such similarities are also used to justify assumptions about the potential risk to cause harm to HCOs. Ethicists assume that as the technology advances, organotypic cultures will increasingly resemble the human brain, raising more complex ethical issues. I argue that such reasoning is not justified given the heterogeneity of HCOs that have been modified to enable scientists to pursue their research goals. I then discuss the implications this line of thought has for advocates of the precautionary principle, focussing on those suggestions which propose adopting research regulations to the presence of bodily warning signs deemed worthy of protection. In doing so, I illustrate that the prevalent assumptions on similarity in ethical discourse ultimately risk disproportionately restricting research. I conclude that given the severe uncertainty about the technology’s future development, ethical discourse might benefit from narrowing the time frame for anticipation.
{"title":"Potential Consciousness of Human Cerebral Organoids: on Similarity-Based Views in Precautionary Discourse","authors":"Sarah Diner","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09533-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09533-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Advances in research on human cerebral organoids (HCOs) call for a critical review of current research policies. A challenge for the evaluation of necessary research regulations lies in the severe uncertainty about future trajectories the currently very rudimentary stages of neural cell cultures might take as the technology progresses. To gain insights into organotypic cultures, ethicists, legal scholars, and neuroscientists rely on resemblances to the human brain. They refer to similarities in structural or functional terms that have been established in scientific practice to validate organotypic cultures as models for brain research. In ethical discourse, however, such similarities are also used to justify assumptions about the potential risk to cause harm to HCOs. Ethicists assume that as the technology advances, organotypic cultures will increasingly resemble the human brain, raising more complex ethical issues. I argue that such reasoning is not justified given the heterogeneity of HCOs that have been modified to enable scientists to pursue their research goals. I then discuss the implications this line of thought has for advocates of the precautionary principle, focussing on those suggestions which propose adopting research regulations to the presence of bodily warning signs deemed worthy of protection. In doing so, I illustrate that the prevalent assumptions on similarity in ethical discourse ultimately risk disproportionately restricting research. I conclude that given the severe uncertainty about the technology’s future development, ethical discourse might benefit from narrowing the time frame for anticipation.","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09527-0
Alessio Tacca, F. Gilbert
{"title":"Why Won’t You Listen To Me? Predictive Neurotechnology and Epistemic Authority","authors":"Alessio Tacca, F. Gilbert","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09527-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09527-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41420777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09529-y
Louis Austin-Eames
{"title":"Should Moral Bioenhancement Be Covert? A Response to Crutchfield","authors":"Louis Austin-Eames","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09529-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09529-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47036451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-12DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09528-z
Miles Schaffrick, M. Perreault, L. Harding, J. Illes
{"title":"Recruitment and Engagement of Indigenous Peoples in Brain-Related Health Research","authors":"Miles Schaffrick, M. Perreault, L. Harding, J. Illes","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09528-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09528-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42901732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09523-4
José M. Muñoz, J. Bernácer, F. Güell
{"title":"A Conceptual Framework to Safeguard the Neuroright to Personal Autonomy","authors":"José M. Muñoz, J. Bernácer, F. Güell","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09523-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09523-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45280969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09522-5
Joseph Lee
{"title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment in Relation to Alzheimer’s Disease: An Investigation of Principles, Classifications, Ethics, and Problems","authors":"Joseph Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09522-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09522-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46282860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09521-6
Chenwei Nie
{"title":"Revisiting Maher’s One-Factor Theory of Delusion","authors":"Chenwei Nie","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09521-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09521-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46367092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1007/s12152-023-09519-0
Daniel Martín, Jon Rueda, B. Earp, I. Hannikainen
{"title":"Normality and the Treatment-Enhancement Distinction","authors":"Daniel Martín, Jon Rueda, B. Earp, I. Hannikainen","doi":"10.1007/s12152-023-09519-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09519-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49255,"journal":{"name":"Neuroethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45732720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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