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Spatial heterogeneity of blood pressure control and its influencing factors in elderly patients with essential hypertension: A small-scale spatial analysis
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103428
Jingming Wei , Yudong Miao , Jingbao Zhang , Jian Wu , Zhanlei Shen , Junwen Bai , Dongfang Zhu , Ruizhe Ren , Xinran Li , Mingyue Zhen , Jiajia Zhang , Jinxin Cui , Dan Guo , Wenyong Dong , Clifford Silver Tarimo , Qiuping Zhao , Rongmei Liu , Jianping Hu , Miaojun Li

Background

The blood pressure control status and its influencing factors in elderly patients with essential hypertension are complex. Existing studies often overlook spatial differences or utilize coarse spatial scales, which limits the understanding of the fine patterns of spatial heterogeneity and the design and implementation of further prevention and control policies.

Methods

In August 2023, A community-based survey was carried out in Jia County, China, involving a total of 19080 patients over 65 years old. Traditional linear regression and multi-scale geographically weighted regression were used to analyze the influencing factors and their spatial heterogeneity.

Results

Low blood pressure control rate was concentrated in the central urban communities, characterized by a significant low-low cluster, while high blood pressure control rate was concentrated in some northwest and southeast rural communities, with a prominent high-high cluster. There was spatial heterogeneity in the influencing factors. For example, obesity was significantly negatively correlated with blood pressure control rate in central urban communities, while physical activity exhibited a positive correlation in northwest and southeast rural communities.

Conclusion

This underscores the need to implement hypertension management services according to local conditions in terms of strengthening the weight management of patients in urban communities and the guidance of physical activity in rural communities. The government should increase financial investment in medical and health care in rural communities and reduce the burden of health costs. This study proves that the geospatial approach can provide objective scientific data support for public health policy innovation.
{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity of blood pressure control and its influencing factors in elderly patients with essential hypertension: A small-scale spatial analysis","authors":"Jingming Wei ,&nbsp;Yudong Miao ,&nbsp;Jingbao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Zhanlei Shen ,&nbsp;Junwen Bai ,&nbsp;Dongfang Zhu ,&nbsp;Ruizhe Ren ,&nbsp;Xinran Li ,&nbsp;Mingyue Zhen ,&nbsp;Jiajia Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinxin Cui ,&nbsp;Dan Guo ,&nbsp;Wenyong Dong ,&nbsp;Clifford Silver Tarimo ,&nbsp;Qiuping Zhao ,&nbsp;Rongmei Liu ,&nbsp;Jianping Hu ,&nbsp;Miaojun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The blood pressure control status and its influencing factors in elderly patients with essential hypertension are complex. Existing studies often overlook spatial differences or utilize coarse spatial scales, which limits the understanding of the fine patterns of spatial heterogeneity and the design and implementation of further prevention and control policies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In August 2023, A community-based survey was carried out in Jia County, China, involving a total of 19080 patients over 65 years old. Traditional linear regression and multi-scale geographically weighted regression were used to analyze the influencing factors and their spatial heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Low blood pressure control rate was concentrated in the central urban communities, characterized by a significant low-low cluster, while high blood pressure control rate was concentrated in some northwest and southeast rural communities, with a prominent high-high cluster. There was spatial heterogeneity in the influencing factors. For example, obesity was significantly negatively correlated with blood pressure control rate in central urban communities, while physical activity exhibited a positive correlation in northwest and southeast rural communities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This underscores the need to implement hypertension management services according to local conditions in terms of strengthening the weight management of patients in urban communities and the guidance of physical activity in rural communities. The government should increase financial investment in medical and health care in rural communities and reduce the burden of health costs. This study proves that the geospatial approach can provide objective scientific data support for public health policy innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 103428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inequality in exposure to daily aircraft noise near heathrow airport: An empirical study
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103421
Xiangpu Gong , Nicole Itzkowitz , Glory O. Atilola , Kathryn Adams , Calvin Jephcote , Marta Blangiardo , John Gulliver , Anna Hansell
Aircraft noise is an important source of environmental pollution and a burden on public health. We examined the association between three different area-level deprivation measures (Carstairs index 2011 only; yearly avoidable mortality rates 2014–2018 and yearly fuel poverty rates 2014–2018) and daily aircraft noise metrics (Lday, Leve, Lnight, and LAeq24) around London Heathrow Airport. Analyses were conducted for 2014–18 for ∼155,000 postcodes using a Random-Effects model with an autoregressive term for the temporal variability of daily noise. We found that the relationship between aircraft noise and deprivation was complex, varying by the measure of deprivation and aircraft noise metric. We observed gradient relationships between avoidable death rates and aircraft noise exposure for all noise metrics. For Carstairs index, a measure of area-based material deprivation, the least deprived quintile exhibited the lowest night-time noise levels, but no gradients were observed for this or other noise metrics. Similarly, we did not see clear patterns of association between fuel poverty and aircraft noise. When stratifying the data by % non-White population, the conclusions for avoidable death rates and fuel poverty remained similar, but an association of Carstairs index with noise metrics was seen in the two tertiles with the highest % non-white population. Our strengths include our large dataset with high temporal and spatial resolution, as well as use of multiple deprivation measures and daily noise metrics over five years, that can capture dynamic changes in noise exposure related to changes in flight paths and weather conditions. Limitations include that we looked at 2014–18 and noise levels have been changing over time due to action plans to reduce exposure, and activity changes due to the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Heathrow Airport is sited near wealthy and densely inhabited communities so may not be representative of all airports.
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引用次数: 0
Place effects on adult obesity and cardiometabolic health: Evidence from a natural experiment
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103427
Ashlesha Datar , Nancy Nicosia
Despite considerable evidence on clustering of obesity within geographic areas causal estimates of place effects on cardiometabolic health, and their causal pathways, remain rare. This study utilizes a natural experiment based on the quasi-random assignment of military families to different installations to show that adults exposed to places with higher obesity prevalence have a greater likelihood of obesity and other downstream cardiometabolic conditions. We find no evidence to support shared environments as a causal pathway for these place effects, suggesting that alternate pathways such as social influence may be at play. We also provide the first real-world evidence on the effect of exogenous exposure to obesogenic places on theoretically-grounded social influence constructs, such as social norms and social networks. We find evidence of place effects on individuals’ perceptions of descriptive norms and obesogenic composition of social networks, but not on injunctive and subjective norms. The mediating role of social influence in explaining place effects on cardiometabolic health should be examined further in future work.
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引用次数: 0
Connecting place and nature-based traditional and spiritual practices among American Indian and First Nation youth
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103424
Russette Helen , Handeland Tina , Price Faith , Warne Don , Kelliher Allison , Holden Zack , Landguth Erin , Walls Melissa , Sittner Kelley
Understanding the role of place in connection to Indigenous youth participation in nature-based traditional and spiritual activities (NBTSA) is of primary concern as exposure to both nature and culture collectively contribute to overall health and wellbeing. From oppressive historical Indian policies to contemporary barriers by way of climate change and increased use of technology, Indigenous youth continue to face risk of detaching from nature and losing pieces of their cultural identity. Qualitative and quantitative features of place in predicting NBTSA participation among Indigenous youth are not well understood and may offer key insights that connect youth to land, water and their cultures. Moreover, application of the Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledge (ITEK) theoretical model to inform the social sciences has largely been absent. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of place measured by residing in a sovereign Tribal or First Nation (qualitative) and increased presence of greenspace (quantitative) exposure on participation in NBTSAs among Indigenous youth. Our findings demonstrate that although increasing residential exposure to greenspace had a positive association, residing in a Tribal Nation was a stronger predictor for NBTSA participation. Applying an Indigenous methodology to research with Indigenous populations and communities allows us to move beyond general notions of what (e.g., greenspace) promotes human-nature interaction and, instead, identify place-based determinants. Namely, the ITEK framework guided our rationale to include Tribal Nations in our study. Sovereign Nations connect youth to traditional knowledge holders that share Indigenous knowledges and practices of the land and water through story and experiential learning.
Significance.
This study is one of the first to measure both qualitative and quantitative features of place that influence human-nature interaction among youth that collectively identify as Indigenous. Our research found that residing in a sovereign Tribal Nation is a stronger predictor than increasing exposure to greenspace for participating in land- and water-based traditional and spiritual practices providing evidence and public health implications for Indigenous determinants to health and wellbeing.
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引用次数: 0
Modeling the spatiotemporal transmission of COVID-19 epidemic by coupling the heterogeneous impact of detection rates: A case study in Hong Kong
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103422
Jialyu He , Xintao Liu , Xiaolin Zhu , Hsiang-Yu Yuan , Wu Chen
During the COVID-19 epidemic, many infections may have been undiagnosed in communities (hidden cases) due to low detection rates, thus exacerbating the overall prevalence of the epidemic. However, the heterogeneity of detection rates poses a challenge in simulating the proportion and spatial distribution of hidden cases. Coupling the heterogeneous impact of detection rates to extend epidemic modeling is necessary for forecasting the health burden and mitigating the inequity of testing resources. In this study, we developed an agent-based model integrated with the Susceptible-Exposed-Reported-Hidden-Removed (SERHR) model to simulate the spatiotemporal transmission of reported and hidden cases (RH-ABM). The RH-ABM was fitted with data for the fifth wave of infection in Hong Kong induced by the Omicron variant. We conducted multi-scenario simulations based on various testing strategies to assess the local variation in attack rates. The RH-ABM predicted that maintaining a constant high detection rate would reduce the average attack rate from 65.62% to 53.09%. Increasing detection rates in groups with many individuals and daily close contact can also assist in controlling the health burden of outbreaks. The variation in the attack rates is strongly associated with changes in the region-stratified detection rates. In addition, The RH-ABM estimated that allocating limited testing resources based on demographic distribution and human mobility data is effective for controlling the average attack rate.
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引用次数: 0
Examining the indirect effect of park size on community health via crime risk in Alabama: A cross-sectional mediation model
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103423
Lewis H. Lee , Akhlaque Haque , Jinhong Cui , Adrian Smith , Gibran Mancus , Nengjun Yi , Hon K. Yuen
Across the United States and worldwide, communities face significant health challenges, including rising rates of chronic conditions such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive public health strategies that prioritize the development of infrastructure to support healthier lifestyles. One promising strategy is to expand and enhance public green spaces like urban parks. While numerous studies have examined the relationship between green spaces and physical health, inconsistent findings reveal gaps in current understanding. This study explores the complex relationship between urban park size, neighborhood crime risk, and community physical health in Alabama. Data were collected for 989 urban parks across Alabama using the Trust for Public Land's ParkServe database and city Parks and Recreation Department websites. Park size was measured with geographic information systems data, and crime risk data, including violent and property crimes, were provided by the Environmental Systems Research Institute. Community physical health data were obtained from the PLACES database to assess the prevalence of poor physical health. Our analysis revealed a significant negative total effect (p < .001) and a significant negative direct effect (p < .01), indicating that larger urban park sizes were consistently associated with a reduced prevalence of poor physical health. Additionally, larger urban parks were significantly associated with reduced neighborhood crime risk, which, in turn, was significantly related to a lower prevalence of poor physical health in communities (p < .05). These findings offer important policy insights for future urban planning and public health efforts.
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the impact of socioeconomic and environmental factors on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic based on GPS-enabled mobile sensing and survey data
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103419
Dong Liu , Zihan Kan , Mei-Po Kwan , Jiannan Cai , Yang Liu
This study examines the impact of individual socioeconomic factors, living environment factors (e.g., housing conditions), and environmental exposures (e.g., greenspace) on people's mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. We measured the environmental exposures to greenspace, noise and air pollution using GPS tracking and mobile sensing data collected from survey participants, in addition to obtaining socioeconomic and living environment data from them using conventional survey questionnaires. We used an ordinal logistic regression model to determine the socioeconomic and environmental factors that are significantly associated with mental health outcomes. The results show that increased greenspace exposure is associated with a higher likelihood of better mental health outcomes, while both lower income level and home ownership with a mortgage are linked to lower odds of better mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. This research contributes to the existing literature by identifying the specific socioeconomic and environmental factors that significantly affect mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the availability and accessibility of menstrual friendly public toilets (MFPTs) in urban spaces: A global multi-city audit study 探索城市空间中月经友好型公共厕所(MFPTs)的可用性和可及性:一项全球多城市审计研究。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103412
Angela-Maithy Nguyen , Andrew R. Maroko , Sarah Blake , Elli Sugita , Natália Helou Fazzioni , Marian Fe Theresa C. Lomboy , Justine Bukenya , Helen V.S. Cole , Ernesto R. Gregorio Jr. , Kim J. Hopper , Marni Sommer

Background

Public toilets enable populations, including those who menstruate, to move through public spaces. Menstrual Friendly Public Toilets (MFPT) are accessible, safe, and clean public toilets that provide those who menstruate the space and resources to navigate cities with dignity and comfort. However, there is little evidence on the status of MFPTs in urban centers. This study assessed the menstrual friendly characteristics of public toilets in Barcelona, Kampala, Manila, New York City, Osaka, Rio de Janeiro and quantified the overall “menstrual friendliness” by city and neighborhood type.

Methods

We conducted public toilet audits in four types of neighborhoods (Business, Tourist, Transit hub, Residential) in each city. The audit tool captured a range of menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) characteristics. Aggregate scores (“MFPT Index”) were calculated to summarize the menstrual friendliness of public toilets within the neighborhoods and across cities.

Results

A total of 181 public toilet audits were analyzed. Areas around Transit hubs had the highest density of toilets, Residential areas were comparatively under resourced, and toilets in Business areas were relatively more “menstrual friendly.” The overall mean score for the MFPT Index was 0.67, ranging between 0.49 and 0.79 across cities. Sub-domain scores of the MFPT Index indicated key aspects for improvement in relation to Accessibility, Structure, Privacy/Safety, General Resources, Cleanliness, and MHH Resources.

Conclusion

There is a significant gap in the provision of MFPTs in urban centers. Further research is needed to understand the extent of challenges related to accessibility, structural amenities, and availability of MHH-related resources, and how they can best be addressed. Our study's findings underscore the need for the prioritization of MFPTs in public spaces to ensure all individuals have equitable access to manage their menstrual cycles.
背景:公共厕所使人们,包括月经来潮的人,能够在公共空间中走动。经期友好公厕(MFPT)是一种方便、安全、清洁的公厕,为经期女性提供空间和资源,让她们有尊严、舒适地在城市中穿行。然而,很少有证据表明mfpt在城市中心的地位。本研究评估了巴塞罗那、坎帕拉、马尼拉、纽约、大阪、里约热内卢公厕的经期友好性特征,并按城市和社区类型对总体“经期友好性”进行了量化。方法:我们在每个城市的四种类型的社区(商业、旅游、交通枢纽、住宅)进行公厕审计。该审计工具捕获了一系列月经健康和卫生(MHH)特征。计算总分(“MFPT指数”)来总结社区和城市公共厕所的月经友好性。结果:对181例公厕审计进行了分析。交通枢纽附近的厕所密度最高,住宅区的厕所资源相对不足,而商业区的厕所相对更“适合月经”。MFPT指数的总体平均得分为0.67,各城市的平均得分在0.49至0.79之间。MFPT指数的子领域得分表明了与可访问性、结构、隐私/安全、一般资源、清洁度和MHH资源相关的关键改进方面。结论:城市中心MFPTs的提供存在较大差距。需要进一步的研究来了解与可达性、结构设施和mhh相关资源的可用性相关的挑战程度,以及如何最好地解决这些挑战。我们的研究结果强调了在公共场所优先考虑mfpt的必要性,以确保所有人都有公平的机会管理自己的月经周期。
{"title":"Exploring the availability and accessibility of menstrual friendly public toilets (MFPTs) in urban spaces: A global multi-city audit study","authors":"Angela-Maithy Nguyen ,&nbsp;Andrew R. Maroko ,&nbsp;Sarah Blake ,&nbsp;Elli Sugita ,&nbsp;Natália Helou Fazzioni ,&nbsp;Marian Fe Theresa C. Lomboy ,&nbsp;Justine Bukenya ,&nbsp;Helen V.S. Cole ,&nbsp;Ernesto R. Gregorio Jr. ,&nbsp;Kim J. Hopper ,&nbsp;Marni Sommer","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Public toilets enable populations, including those who menstruate, to move through public spaces. Menstrual Friendly Public Toilets (MFPT) are accessible, safe, and clean public toilets that provide those who menstruate the space and resources to navigate cities with dignity and comfort. However, there is little evidence on the status of MFPTs in urban centers. This study assessed the menstrual friendly characteristics of public toilets in Barcelona, Kampala, Manila, New York City, Osaka, Rio de Janeiro and quantified the overall “menstrual friendliness” by city and neighborhood type.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted public toilet audits in four types of neighborhoods (Business, Tourist, Transit hub, Residential) in each city. The audit tool captured a range of menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) characteristics. Aggregate scores (“MFPT Index”) were calculated to summarize the menstrual friendliness of public toilets within the neighborhoods and across cities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 181 public toilet audits were analyzed. Areas around Transit hubs had the highest density of toilets, Residential areas were comparatively under resourced, and toilets in Business areas were relatively more “menstrual friendly.” The overall mean score for the MFPT Index was 0.67, ranging between 0.49 and 0.79 across cities. Sub-domain scores of the MFPT Index indicated key aspects for improvement in relation to Accessibility, Structure, Privacy/Safety, General Resources, Cleanliness, and MHH Resources.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is a significant gap in the provision of MFPTs in urban centers. Further research is needed to understand the extent of challenges related to accessibility, structural amenities, and availability of MHH-related resources, and how they can best be addressed. Our study's findings underscore the need for the prioritization of MFPTs in public spaces to ensure all individuals have equitable access to manage their menstrual cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 103412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
To stay or grow? Migration patterns and child growth in rural Bihar, India 留下还是成长?印度比哈尔邦农村地区的迁移模式与儿童成长。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103395
Reshma P. Roshania , Solveig A. Cunningham , Aritra Das , Tanusree Bag , Rakesh Giri , Guntur Sai Mala , Melissa F. Young , Sridhar Srikantiah , Tanmay Mahapatra , Usha Ramakrishnan
While the dominant patterns of migration for livelihood among the poor in India are rural-to-rural and circular, literature on the health implications of child migration has largely focused on rural-to-urban, permanent movement. We compared child growth across three migration typologies rural Bihar: circular migrant families that repeatedly migrate to rural destination sites with accompanying young children, rural households with male migrants, and rural households that do not engage in migration. We integrated network theory based on caste and tribe geography to inform our analytical approach. Our results demonstrate complex associations between nutrition status and repeated movement of children between home and destination spaces. In addition to the policy imperative of multilocational strategies for migrant families, households that do not engage in migration yet are located in high outmigration regions also require targeted livelihood and health interventions.
印度贫困人口为谋生而迁移的主要模式是农村到农村和循环迁移,而有关儿童迁移对健康影响的文献则主要集中于农村到城市的永久性迁移。我们比较了比哈尔邦三种移民类型的儿童成长情况:带着年幼子女反复迁移到农村目的地的循环移民家庭、有男性移民的农村家庭以及没有移民的农村家庭。我们将基于种姓和部落地理学的网络理论纳入分析方法。我们的研究结果表明,营养状况与儿童在家乡和目的地之间的反复迁移之间存在复杂的关联。除了在政策上必须为移民家庭制定多地迁移战略外,位于人口外流高发地区的非移民家庭也需要有针对性的生计和健康干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Whose pollution, whose problem? Understanding perceptions of air pollution and implications for clean cooking (for health) in Nairobi schools 谁的污染,谁的问题?了解内罗毕学校对空气污染的看法和清洁烹饪(对健康)的影响。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103398
Serena Saligari , Willah Nabukwangwa , James Mwitari , Rachel Anderson de Cuevas , Stephen Clayton , Margaret Nyongesa , Elisa Puzzolo , Daniel Pope , Emily Nix
Air pollution is a critical global public health and environmental concern, leading to over 6.7 million premature deaths annually, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the use of polluting fuels for cooking remains widespread. Incorporating perceptions of air pollution is argued as vital for developing effective intervention strategies. However, this has seldom been given focus in the development of clean cooking interventions. The use of firewood in Kenyan schools is commonplace and the transition to clean cooking methods in school settings is gaining international attention. We investigated how air pollution is perceived and understood by staff in three schools from an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya which predominately use firewood or charcoal for school catering. We conducted focus group discussions and in-depth interviews and used thematic analysis to explore perceptions of air pollution in the schools and how these differed between different staff groups.
Perceptions of air pollution were dominated by external environmental factors from the surrounding informal settlement. While the impacts of air pollution from firewood on catering staff and teaching activities were recognised, understandings of the long-term health impacts were often blurred and dislocated from the school setting. Responsibilities for addressing air pollution were said to be with external stakeholders, but the school staff cited a lack of government interventions to address underlying poverty and multiple pollution sources. Effective strategies to tackle air pollution must involve careful engagement with stakeholders and community members to incorporate local perceptions of air pollution and address broader systemic issues that increase exposure. Clean cooking interventions focused solely on reducing air pollution may face challenges due to competing financial demands and a tendency to shift responsibilities for tackling such an issue. Broader benefits, such as economic and environmental improvements, might be more compelling drivers for successful implementation.
空气污染是全球公共卫生和环境方面的一个重大问题,每年导致 670 多万人过早死亡,对中低收入国家的影响尤为严重,这些国家仍然普遍使用污染性燃料做饭。有人认为,纳入对空气污染的看法对于制定有效的干预战略至关重要。然而,在制定清洁烹饪干预措施时,这一点却很少得到重视。肯尼亚学校普遍使用木柴,而在学校环境中过渡到清洁烹饪方法正受到国际关注。我们调查了肯尼亚内罗毕非正规居住区的三所学校的教职员工是如何看待和理解空气污染的,这些学校主要使用木柴或木炭作为学校膳食。我们进行了焦点小组讨论和深入访谈,并采用主题分析法探讨了学校对空气污染的看法以及不同教职员工群体对空气污染的不同看法。对空气污染的看法主要受周围非正规居住区的外部环境因素影响。虽然人们认识到木柴造成的空气污染对餐饮员工和教学活动的影响,但对长期健康影响的理解往往模糊不清,与学校环境脱节。据说解决空气污染问题的责任在于外部利益相关者,但学校教职员工指出,政府缺乏干预措施来解决潜在的贫困和多种污染源问题。解决空气污染问题的有效战略必须包括与利益相关者和社区成员的认真接触,以纳入当地人对空气污染的看法,并解决增加空气污染的更广泛的系统性问题。由于相互竞争的资金需求以及解决这一问题的责任转嫁倾向,仅以减少空气污染为重点的清洁烹饪干预措施可能会面临挑战。更广泛的利益,如经济和环境的改善,可能是成功实施的更大动力。
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引用次数: 0
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