Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103394
Alireza Mohammadi , David H. Hamer , Elahe Pishagar , Robert Bergquist
Spatial modelling was employed to identify high-risk zones for the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in hyperendemic urban environments, focusing on Mashhad, Iran. Data analysis from 3033 CL patients (2016–2020) integrated socio-demographic, environmental, and geological factors using negative binomial regression and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) model. Findings indicate that 42.8% of the study area, affecting 20% of Mashhad's population, is at heightened risk due to factors such as high illiteracy rates, dense populations, poor built environment quality, and specific geological conditions. The model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83, signifying strong discrimination, with Kappa statistics (KNO = 0.60, K standard = 0.56) showing substantial agreement. These insights can be used to inform targeted surveillance and effective disease control strategies.
{"title":"Spatial modelling to identify high-risk zones for the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in hyperendemic urban environments: A case study of Mashhad, Iran","authors":"Alireza Mohammadi , David H. Hamer , Elahe Pishagar , Robert Bergquist","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial modelling was employed to identify high-risk zones for the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in hyperendemic urban environments, focusing on Mashhad, Iran. Data analysis from 3033 CL patients (2016–2020) integrated socio-demographic, environmental, and geological factors using negative binomial regression and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) model. Findings indicate that 42.8% of the study area, affecting 20% of Mashhad's population, is at heightened risk due to factors such as high illiteracy rates, dense populations, poor built environment quality, and specific geological conditions. The model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83, signifying strong discrimination, with Kappa statistics (KNO = 0.60, K standard = 0.56) showing substantial agreement. These insights can be used to inform targeted surveillance and effective disease control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103400
Woo Hyeok An , Jae Il Cho , Minchul Park
In response to the growing demand for healthier food, online fresh food platforms have emerged as a convenient solution, aiming to meet this need. This study employs a difference-in-differences design and an imputation method to evaluate the impact of online fresh food platforms on population health. These methodological approaches enable the identification of causal effects, offering insights into how these platforms influence health outcomes across different demographic groups. Our findings reveal that the availability of online fresh food options positively influences health outcomes by increasing physical activity, such as walking time, and reducing BMI, hypertension, and depression rates. Easier access to healthier food fosters healthier lifestyles, contributing to both improved physical and mental health. These findings may offer insights for policymakers, suggesting that the availability of accessible healthy diet options could contribute to improving community health.
{"title":"Hunting for fresh food: The impact of online fresh food platforms on health","authors":"Woo Hyeok An , Jae Il Cho , Minchul Park","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the growing demand for healthier food, online fresh food platforms have emerged as a convenient solution, aiming to meet this need. This study employs a difference-in-differences design and an imputation method to evaluate the impact of online fresh food platforms on population health. These methodological approaches enable the identification of causal effects, offering insights into how these platforms influence health outcomes across different demographic groups. Our findings reveal that the availability of online fresh food options positively influences health outcomes by increasing physical activity, such as walking time, and reducing BMI, hypertension, and depression rates. Easier access to healthier food fosters healthier lifestyles, contributing to both improved physical and mental health. These findings may offer insights for policymakers, suggesting that the availability of accessible healthy diet options could contribute to improving community health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103413
Karl Samuelsson , Ioar Rivas , Bruno Raimbault , Alan Domínguez , Toni Galmés , Antònia Valentin , Maria Foraster , Mireia Gascon , Cecilia Persavento , Achilleas Psyllidis , Maria Dolores Gomez Roig , Elisa Llurba Olivé , Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen , Marco Helbich , Jordi Sunyer , Payam Dadvand
Health implications of mobility during pregnancy entail a need to understand pregnant women's activity spaces. We present ActMAP, a framework for quantifying multiple aspects of activity spaces from distinct trips and stays derived from GPS data. We applied ActMAP to data from 238 pregnant women in Barcelona, Spain (2018–2020) and explored weekday, weekend and intraday associations between pregnancy trimester and activity spaces. Activities were more centred around the home later in pregnancy. However, the number of visited places and daily trips remained largely constant throughout pregnancy. By constructing activity spaces from individual trips and stays, ActMAP could provide a framework for GPS-based holistic assessments of mobility.
{"title":"A comprehensive GPS-based analysis of activity spaces in early and late pregnancy using the ActMAP framework","authors":"Karl Samuelsson , Ioar Rivas , Bruno Raimbault , Alan Domínguez , Toni Galmés , Antònia Valentin , Maria Foraster , Mireia Gascon , Cecilia Persavento , Achilleas Psyllidis , Maria Dolores Gomez Roig , Elisa Llurba Olivé , Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen , Marco Helbich , Jordi Sunyer , Payam Dadvand","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Health implications of mobility during pregnancy entail a need to understand pregnant women's activity spaces. We present ActMAP, a framework for quantifying multiple aspects of activity spaces from distinct trips and stays derived from GPS data. We applied ActMAP to data from 238 pregnant women in Barcelona, Spain (2018–2020) and explored weekday, weekend and intraday associations between pregnancy trimester and activity spaces. Activities were more centred around the home later in pregnancy. However, the number of visited places and daily trips remained largely constant throughout pregnancy. By constructing activity spaces from individual trips and stays, ActMAP could provide a framework for GPS-based holistic assessments of mobility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103410
Fan Yuan , Mingze Chen
The engagement of senior citizens with urban nature has been shown to provide multiple health benefits and mitigate health issues associated with demographic aging. This review utilized the PRISMA methodology to systematically analyze the relationship between monitoring tools, seniors' behaviors in urban nature, and influencing factors. The main findings are as follows: (1) 4 main types, including self-reports, on-site observations, sensors, and third-party data, and 24 sub-types of measurement tools: ranging from questionnaires to crowdsourced imagery services. Self-reports capture participants' awareness of behaviors, on-site observations record various types of behaviors, sensors collect indicators to detect the body's direct responses, and third-party data provide representative behavior data from large samples. (2) 4 categories and 45 types of behaviors: physical and sports behaviors, leisure and recreational behaviors, relaxation, and passive behaviors, social and care behaviors, based on their characteristics and purposes. Physical and sports behaviors are the most common types for the elderly in urban nature, with walking being the most frequently measured behavior. (3) 36 influencing factors: ranging from diabetes risk to balanced meal habits, classified into 4 categories from physical and vitality health to social and lifestyle health. Physical and vitality health are the most affected category, receiving more academic attention. Gardening is identified as having the most health benefits. This review provides a classification of tools and behaviors, and a detailed discussion of future trends in the field. It provides actionable insights for researchers, urban designers, city managers, and policymakers to select the appropriate measurement tool from 24 sub-tools to better understand behaviors of elderly people in urban nature. It can also help them select the right type of behavior from 45 sub-behaviors to investigate in line with their research goals to improve seniors' health and well-being.
{"title":"A systematic review of measurement tools and senior engagement in urban nature: Health benefits and behavioral patterns analysis","authors":"Fan Yuan , Mingze Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The engagement of senior citizens with urban nature has been shown to provide multiple health benefits and mitigate health issues associated with demographic aging. This review utilized the PRISMA methodology to systematically analyze the relationship between monitoring tools, seniors' behaviors in urban nature, and influencing factors. The main findings are as follows: (1) 4 main types, including self-reports, on-site observations, sensors, and third-party data, and 24 sub-types of measurement tools: ranging from questionnaires to crowdsourced imagery services. Self-reports capture participants' awareness of behaviors, on-site observations record various types of behaviors, sensors collect indicators to detect the body's direct responses, and third-party data provide representative behavior data from large samples. (2) 4 categories and 45 types of behaviors: physical and sports behaviors, leisure and recreational behaviors, relaxation, and passive behaviors, social and care behaviors, based on their characteristics and purposes. Physical and sports behaviors are the most common types for the elderly in urban nature, with walking being the most frequently measured behavior. (3) 36 influencing factors: ranging from diabetes risk to balanced meal habits, classified into 4 categories from physical and vitality health to social and lifestyle health. Physical and vitality health are the most affected category, receiving more academic attention. Gardening is identified as having the most health benefits. This review provides a classification of tools and behaviors, and a detailed discussion of future trends in the field. It provides actionable insights for researchers, urban designers, city managers, and policymakers to select the appropriate measurement tool from 24 sub-tools to better understand behaviors of elderly people in urban nature. It can also help them select the right type of behavior from 45 sub-behaviors to investigate in line with their research goals to improve seniors' health and well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103403
Yunyi An , DianGuo Xing , Saijuan Chen , Xinyue Wang , Xinyun Zhou , Yan Zhang
Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death globally. Yet, further research is required into the relationship between CVD and extreme environmental temperatures. This study aims to explore the association between the incidence of CVD and extreme temperatures, and also to identify susceptible subgroups within the population.
Methods
We collected cardiovascular emergency ambulance dispatch (CEAD) records from Chongqing Emergency Dispatch Center in the main urban areas of Chongqing from 2019 to 2021. Then, we used distributed lag nonlinear modeling (DLNM) with a quasi-Poisson distribution to evaluate the association between extreme temperatures and CEADs. Susceptibility subgroups were identified by stratified analysis according to gender, age and initial diagnosis. Finally, the attribution analysis was used to calculate the scores and counts of CEADs caused by low and high temperatures.
Results
Compared with the optimal temperature (23 °C), the cumulative lagged risk of total CEADs was increased under extreme low-temperature conditions (CRR: 1.732, 95% CI: [1.157, 2.593]), with the lagged effect lasting for 8 days. Under extreme high-temperature conditions, it decreased (CRR: 0.752, 95% CI: [0.611, 0.926]) and a protective effect was observed. Compared to the group under 60, those over 60 were more sensitive to temperature changes, showing a higher risk of disease with cold exposure (RR: 1.087, 95% CI: [1.021, 1.157]). In addition, a reduction in risk of disease was observed just one day after heat exposure. There were also gender differences in the elderly group: males showed longer lagged effects after cold exposure, while females had higher dispatch risk in cold weather and less heat adaptation in hot weather than males.
Conclusion
Ambient temperature is significantly associated with the risk of CVD, with elderly patients, especially females, being a high-risk subgroup. Governments need to formulate localized health policies that address regional climate patterns and population vulnerabilities. As one of the famous "Furnace Cities", Chongqing's measures for coping with hot environments can serve as a reference. Nonetheless, improving our understanding and preparation for cold weather is also crucial. Public warning systems should be improved, and local heating strategies for vulnerable groups should be developed to minimize the negative risk of extreme cold temperatures to the public.
{"title":"Association between ambient temperatures and cardiovascular disease: A time series analysis using emergency ambulance dispatches in Chongqing, China, 2019–2021","authors":"Yunyi An , DianGuo Xing , Saijuan Chen , Xinyue Wang , Xinyun Zhou , Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death globally. Yet, further research is required into the relationship between CVD and extreme environmental temperatures. This study aims to explore the association between the incidence of CVD and extreme temperatures, and also to identify susceptible subgroups within the population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected cardiovascular emergency ambulance dispatch (CEAD) records from Chongqing Emergency Dispatch Center in the main urban areas of Chongqing from 2019 to 2021. Then, we used distributed lag nonlinear modeling (DLNM) with a quasi-Poisson distribution to evaluate the association between extreme temperatures and CEADs. Susceptibility subgroups were identified by stratified analysis according to gender, age and initial diagnosis. Finally, the attribution analysis was used to calculate the scores and counts of CEADs caused by low and high temperatures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the optimal temperature (23 °C), the cumulative lagged risk of total CEADs was increased under extreme low-temperature conditions (CRR: 1.732, 95% CI: [1.157, 2.593]), with the lagged effect lasting for 8 days. Under extreme high-temperature conditions, it decreased (CRR: 0.752, 95% CI: [0.611, 0.926]) and a protective effect was observed. Compared to the group under 60, those over 60 were more sensitive to temperature changes, showing a higher risk of disease with cold exposure (RR: 1.087, 95% CI: [1.021, 1.157]). In addition, a reduction in risk of disease was observed just one day after heat exposure. There were also gender differences in the elderly group: males showed longer lagged effects after cold exposure, while females had higher dispatch risk in cold weather and less heat adaptation in hot weather than males.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Ambient temperature is significantly associated with the risk of CVD, with elderly patients, especially females, being a high-risk subgroup. Governments need to formulate localized health policies that address regional climate patterns and population vulnerabilities. As one of the famous \"Furnace Cities\", Chongqing's measures for coping with hot environments can serve as a reference. Nonetheless, improving our understanding and preparation for cold weather is also crucial. Public warning systems should be improved, and local heating strategies for vulnerable groups should be developed to minimize the negative risk of extreme cold temperatures to the public.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103392
Mariana Lazo , Jingjing Li , Jana A. Hirsch , Kari A. Moore , Amy H. Auchincloss , Loni P. Tabb , Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez , Jeanne M. Clark , Steven F. Solga , Matt J. Budoff , Brisa N. Sánchez
Objective
To characterize the spatio-temporal association between features of the built environment and subclinical liver disease.
Design
We used data from a large community-based population, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000–2002, N = 5542) with linked historical residential data that characterized past exposure to alcohol outlets (bars and liquor stores), healthy foods stores, and physical activity facilities (1990–2001). We examined whether and how past residential relate to hepatic steatosis (proxied by liver attenuation measured using computed tomography, with lower attenuation indicating higher hepatic steatosis). Hepatic steatosis is the most common.
Results
We found significant associations between past residential exposure to neighborhood alcohol outlets, healthy food and physical activity resources, and hepatic steatosis. The spatial scale where the association between these features of the built environment and hepatic steatosis operate lies within 3 km (∼2 miles). The average association on liver attenuation per additional bar, liquor, healthy food store, and physical activity facility within a 2-mile buffer, were: −0.06 (95% CI -0.09, −0.03), −0.02 (95% CI -0.04, −0.009), 0.05 (95% CI 0.02, 0.07), 0.02 (95% CI 0.01, 0.04), respectively, in the preceding year of the measurement of hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, the association and spatial scale remains consistent ten years prior to the measurement of hepatic steatosis.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that modifying neighborhood environments (decreasing alcohol outlets and improving access to healthy food and physical activity) may represent an effective population-wide approach to reduce liver-related morbidity.
目的：探讨建筑环境特征与亚临床肝病的时空相关性。设计：我们使用了来自大型社区人群的数据，即动脉粥样硬化多种族研究（2000-2002年，N = 5542），以及相关的历史居住数据，这些数据具有过去暴露于酒精商店（酒吧和酒类商店）、健康食品商店和体育活动设施的特征（1990-2001年）。我们研究了过去的居住是否以及如何与肝脂肪变性相关（通过使用计算机断层扫描测量肝脏衰减来代替，较低的衰减表明较高的肝脂肪变性）。肝脂肪变性是最常见的。结果：我们发现过去居住暴露于社区酒精商店、健康食品和体育活动资源与肝脏脂肪变性之间存在显著关联。建筑环境的这些特征与肝脏脂肪变性之间的关联在3公里（~ 2英里）范围内。在测量肝脂肪变性的前一年，每增加一个酒吧、酒、健康食品商店和2英里缓冲范围内的体育活动设施，肝脏衰减的平均关联分别为：-0.06 （95% CI -0.09, -0.03）、-0.02 （95% CI -0.04, -0.009）、0.05 （95% CI 0.02, 0.07）、0.02 （95% CI 0.01, 0.04）。此外，这种关联和空间尺度在肝脂肪变性测量前10年保持一致。结论：我们的研究结果表明，改善社区环境（减少酒精销售点和改善健康食品和体育活动的获取）可能是减少肝脏相关发病率的有效方法。
{"title":"Associations between neighborhood built-environment characteristics and hepatic steatosis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","authors":"Mariana Lazo , Jingjing Li , Jana A. Hirsch , Kari A. Moore , Amy H. Auchincloss , Loni P. Tabb , Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez , Jeanne M. Clark , Steven F. Solga , Matt J. Budoff , Brisa N. Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To characterize the spatio-temporal association between features of the built environment and subclinical liver disease.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>We used data from a large community-based population, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000–2002, N = 5542) with linked historical residential data that characterized past exposure to alcohol outlets (bars and liquor stores), healthy foods stores, and physical activity facilities (1990–2001). We examined whether and how past residential relate to hepatic steatosis (proxied by liver attenuation measured using computed tomography, with lower attenuation indicating higher hepatic steatosis). Hepatic steatosis is the most common.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found significant associations between past residential exposure to neighborhood alcohol outlets, healthy food and physical activity resources, and hepatic steatosis. The spatial scale where the association between these features of the built environment and hepatic steatosis operate lies within 3 km (∼2 miles). The average association on liver attenuation per additional bar, liquor, healthy food store, and physical activity facility within a 2-mile buffer, were: −0.06 (95% CI -0.09, −0.03), −0.02 (95% CI -0.04, −0.009), 0.05 (95% CI 0.02, 0.07), 0.02 (95% CI 0.01, 0.04), respectively, in the preceding year of the measurement of hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, the association and spatial scale remains consistent ten years prior to the measurement of hepatic steatosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results suggest that modifying neighborhood environments (decreasing alcohol outlets and improving access to healthy food and physical activity) may represent an effective population-wide approach to reduce liver-related morbidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103402
Jennifer Candipan , Karl Vachuska , Brian L. Levy
Despite a large body of work on neighborhood effects on health, past studies are limited in their treatment of neighborhoods as largely static spaces with (dis)advantages based primarily on the average characteristics of their residents. In this study, we draw on the triple neighborhood disadvantage perspective to explore how socioeconomic disadvantage in a neighborhood's mobility network uniquely relates to children’s overall health levels, independent of residential disadvantage. We investigate this by combining 2019 SafeGraph data on mobility patterns from roughly 40 million U.S. mobile devices with information on children, families, and neighborhoods from the 2015-19 American Community Survey and 2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development supplement. We find that mobility-based neighborhood disadvantage (MND) generally predicts child health better than residential neighborhood disadvantage (RND), but associations vary by race and by family income and are contingent on the broader metropolitan context. Our study advances existing research on the effects of mobility networks by shifting from analyzing aggregate-level outcomes to exploring how mobility-based disadvantage affects individual outcomes. Overall, our results indicate that the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and child health is nuanced and complex. Findings from our study suggest that researchers aiming to understand the influence of neighborhood contexts should examine individuals' residential environments as well as the environments of neighborhoods connected through individuals' everyday mobility.
{"title":"Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and child health: The role of neighborhood mobility networks","authors":"Jennifer Candipan , Karl Vachuska , Brian L. Levy","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite a large body of work on neighborhood effects on health, past studies are limited in their treatment of neighborhoods as largely static spaces with (dis)advantages based primarily on the average characteristics of their residents. In this study, we draw on the triple neighborhood disadvantage perspective to explore how socioeconomic disadvantage in a neighborhood's mobility network uniquely relates to children’s overall health levels, independent of residential disadvantage. We investigate this by combining 2019 SafeGraph data on mobility patterns from roughly 40 million U.S. mobile devices with information on children, families, and neighborhoods from the 2015-19 American Community Survey and 2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development supplement. We find that mobility-based neighborhood disadvantage (MND) generally predicts child health better than residential neighborhood disadvantage (RND), but associations vary by race and by family income and are contingent on the broader metropolitan context. Our study advances existing research on the effects of mobility networks by shifting from analyzing aggregate-level outcomes to exploring how mobility-based disadvantage affects individual outcomes. Overall, our results indicate that the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and child health is nuanced and complex. Findings from our study suggest that researchers aiming to understand the influence of neighborhood contexts should examine individuals' residential environments as well as the environments of neighborhoods connected through individuals' everyday mobility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103404
Yilun Zha
Socioeconomic factors contribute to distinct patterns of food-purchasing behaviors, placing a higher burden of mobility on vulnerable, deprived populations. Traditional approaches often overlook the dynamics of human activity as contextual influences, simulating a perceived food environment that contradicts the actual use thereof. The rise of large-scale mobile phone data presents a unique opportunity to capture real behavioral patterns and their mobility implications at a fine-grained level. Using a Time-Weighted Kernel Density Estimation (TWKDE) model on mobile phone data, this study introduces two novel measures - the Spatial Engel’s Coefficient (SEC) index and the Distance-to-Activity Curve (DAC) – to assess the equity of food-purchasing travel across nine U.S. cities over five years, analyzed by socioeconomic status, time period, and location. Our findings reveal that lower socioeconomic status is strongly associated with greater mobility burdens in food-purchasing travel. This mobility gap between the highest and lowest socioeconomic groups was further exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, manifesting in the form of spatial segregation of opportunities within cities. This paper contributes to the literature by developing novel activity-based tools that offer a more nuanced understanding of the behavioral characteristics of food-purchasing activities. These empirical insights can help policymakers identify the communities facing the greatest mobility burdens and guide targeted, place-based interventions to promote equity in food access.
{"title":"The “uneven road” to food: Socioeconomic disparities in the mobility burden of food purchasing behavior in major US cities, 2019–2023","authors":"Yilun Zha","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Socioeconomic factors contribute to distinct patterns of food-purchasing behaviors, placing a higher burden of mobility on vulnerable, deprived populations. Traditional approaches often overlook the dynamics of human activity as contextual influences, simulating a perceived food environment that contradicts the actual use thereof. The rise of large-scale mobile phone data presents a unique opportunity to capture real behavioral patterns and their mobility implications at a fine-grained level. Using a Time-Weighted Kernel Density Estimation (TWKDE) model on mobile phone data, this study introduces two novel measures - the Spatial Engel’s Coefficient (SEC) index and the Distance-to-Activity Curve (DAC) – to assess the equity of food-purchasing travel across nine U.S. cities over five years, analyzed by socioeconomic status, time period, and location. Our findings reveal that lower socioeconomic status is strongly associated with greater mobility burdens in food-purchasing travel. This mobility gap between the highest and lowest socioeconomic groups was further exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, manifesting in the form of spatial segregation of opportunities within cities. This paper contributes to the literature by developing novel activity-based tools that offer a more nuanced understanding of the behavioral characteristics of food-purchasing activities. These empirical insights can help policymakers identify the communities facing the greatest mobility burdens and guide targeted, place-based interventions to promote equity in food access.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103408
Kaitlyn K. Stanhope , Sara Markowitz , Michael R. Kramer
Goal
Housing insecurity is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. However, we lack information on whether supportive housing policies improve perinatal health. Our goal was to estimate the effect of expiration of a state-level eviction moratoria on adverse maternal and infant outcomes among Medicaid insured individuals residing in states with a state-level moratorium in place at conception in the United States.
Methods
We used data from the US natality files, 2020–2022 and the Eviction Moratoria & Housing Policy dataset to link individuals with moratoria. We compared those for whom the moratorium expired prior to conception, in the first trimester, or second trimester (exposed) with those fully protected through gestation (unexposed) We fit log binomial models to estimated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each outcome separately (preterm birth (PTB), very preterm birth (VPTB), low birthweight birth (LBW), very low birthweight birth (VLBW), primary cesarean, maternal morbidity, or adequate/adequate plus prenatal care utilization) using generalized estimating equations, controlling for month/year of conception, state (unemployment, monthly covid death rates per 100,000, median household income, governor's party affiliation 2019), and individual (primiparity, age, race/ethnicity) confounders. We also fit difference in difference models as an alternate approach.
Results
We included 2,562,067 births (PTB: 12.5%, LBW: 8.1%, primary cesarean:14.1%). All adverse outcomes were more common for births where the moratoria expired prior to conception or during the first trimester. Following adjustment, risk remained significantly elevated for primary cesarean (preconception v. fully protected: RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.14; first trimester: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.11) but not other outcomes. Results from difference in difference models were consistent with multilevel models.
Conclusions
Expiration of an eviction moratoria during the first or second trimester of pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, beyond ongoing state and temporal factors for people birthing in the United States during the COVID-19 global pandemic.
{"title":"Expiration of a state level eviction moratorium in the first or second trimester of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among Medicaid and uninsured people, 2020–2022","authors":"Kaitlyn K. Stanhope , Sara Markowitz , Michael R. Kramer","doi":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Goal</h3><div>Housing insecurity is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. However, we lack information on whether supportive housing policies improve perinatal health. Our goal was to estimate the effect of expiration of a state-level eviction moratoria on adverse maternal and infant outcomes among Medicaid insured individuals residing in states with a state-level moratorium in place at conception in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the US natality files, 2020–2022 and the Eviction Moratoria & Housing Policy dataset to link individuals with moratoria. We compared those for whom the moratorium expired prior to conception, in the first trimester, or second trimester (exposed) with those fully protected through gestation (unexposed) We fit log binomial models to estimated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each outcome separately (preterm birth (PTB), very preterm birth (VPTB), low birthweight birth (LBW), very low birthweight birth (VLBW), primary cesarean, maternal morbidity, or adequate/adequate plus prenatal care utilization) using generalized estimating equations, controlling for month/year of conception, state (unemployment, monthly covid death rates per 100,000, median household income, governor's party affiliation 2019), and individual (primiparity, age, race/ethnicity) confounders. We also fit difference in difference models as an alternate approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 2,562,067 births (PTB: 12.5%, LBW: 8.1%, primary cesarean:14.1%). All adverse outcomes were more common for births where the moratoria expired prior to conception or during the first trimester. Following adjustment, risk remained significantly elevated for primary cesarean (preconception v. fully protected: RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.14; first trimester: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.11) but not other outcomes. Results from difference in difference models were consistent with multilevel models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Expiration of an eviction moratoria during the first or second trimester of pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, beyond ongoing state and temporal factors for people birthing in the United States during the COVID-19 global pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49302,"journal":{"name":"Health & Place","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 103408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103405
Richard Patterson , David Ogilvie , Jody C. Hoenink , Thomas Burgoine , Stephen J. Sharp , Samantha Hajna , Jenna Panter
Background
Diet and physical activity are important determinants of energy balance, body weight and chronic health conditions. Peoples’ health and behaviour are shaped by their environment. For example, the availability of unhealthy takeaway food in residential neighbourhoods and the ability to easily walk to a range of local destinations (high “walkability”) influence diets and physical activity levels. Most existing evidence on the associations between residential neighbourhood and adiposity is cross-sectional and examines either walkability or takeaway availability, but not both in combination.We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of residential neighbourhood walkability and takeaway food availability with markers of adiposity separately and combined.
Methods
With data from the Fenland Study (Cambridgeshire, UK; n = 12,435), we used linear regression to estimate associations for walkability and takeaway availability separately and in mutually adjusted models, in addition to combining both into a measure of neighbourhood supportiveness for active living and healthy eating. Objective measures of BMI were examined cross-sectionally at baseline (2005–2015) and as change between baseline and follow-up (2014–2020). Additional outcomes (percentage body fat, waist circumference and hip circumference) were also examined both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
Results
Complete case analyses indicated that neighbourhoods with greater walkability and lower takeaway availability were associated with lower BMI (n = 10,607) and more favourable trends over time (n = 5508). For example, compared with the lowest exposure group (Q1), Q4 of walkability and takeaway food availability was associated with a difference in BMI of −0.69 kg/m2 (95% CI = −1.09 to −0.29) and 0.99 kg/m2 (95% CI = 0.58 to 1.39) respectively. These associations were more consistent when both neighbourhood measures were included in mutually adjusted models. The combined supportiveness measure was associated with lower BMI. High walkability and low takeaway availability were also associated with lower body fat percentage, waist circumference and hip circumference.
Conclusions
These findings are consistent with the residential environment having a role in shaping people's health and behaviour. Living in an area that supports walking and cycling and affords less access to unhealthy food may support people to maintain a healthy lifestyle. It was important to consider walkability and takeaway food availability together because to examine them separately risks unobserved confounding by the other. Future research could incorporate additional environmental measures, especially those likely to be correlated.
背景：饮食和身体活动是能量平衡、体重和慢性健康状况的重要决定因素。人们的健康和行为受到环境的影响。例如，在居民区提供不健康的外卖食品以及能够轻松步行到一系列当地目的地（高“可步行性”）影响饮食和身体活动水平。大多数关于居民区与肥胖之间关系的现有证据都是横断面的，要么考察步行性，要么考察外卖的可得性，但没有将两者结合起来。我们分别和联合研究了居民区步行能力和外卖食品供应与肥胖标志物之间的横断面和纵向关联。方法：数据来自芬兰研究(Cambridgeshire， UK；N = 12,435)，我们使用线性回归分别估算步行性和外卖可用性的关联，并在相互调整的模型中进行评估，此外，我们还将两者结合起来，衡量社区对积极生活和健康饮食的支持程度。在基线（2005-2015年）和基线与随访（2014-2020年）之间横断面检查BMI客观测量值。其他结果（体脂百分比、腰围和臀围）也被横向和纵向检查。结果：完整的案例分析表明，可步行性较高和外卖可用性较低的社区BMI较低（n = 10,607），并且随着时间的推移趋势更有利（n = 5508）。例如，与最低暴露组（Q1）相比，Q4的可步行性和外卖食品可获得性与BMI差异分别为-0.69 kg/m2 （95% CI = -1.09至-0.29）和0.99 kg/m2 （95% CI = 0.58至1.39）。当两种邻里测量都包含在相互调整的模型中时，这些关联更加一致。联合支持测量与较低的BMI相关。高步行率和低外卖率也与较低的体脂率、腰围和臀围有关。结论：这些发现与居住环境在塑造人们的健康和行为方面的作用是一致的。生活在一个支持步行和骑自行车以及较少接触不健康食品的地区，可能有助于人们保持健康的生活方式。同时考虑可步行性和外卖食品的可获得性是很重要的，因为分开检查它们可能会造成未被观察到的混淆。未来的研究可以纳入更多的环境措施，特别是那些可能相关的措施。
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