Lydia M. F. Baumann, D. Birgel, M. Wagreich, J. Peckmann
Carbonate concretions from two distinct settings have been studied for their petrography, carbon and oxygen stable isotope patterns, and lipid biomarker inventories. Siderite concretions are enclosed in a Paleocene-Eocene deep-marine succession with sandy to silty turbidites and marl layers from the Gosau Basin of Gams in northern Styria. Septarian calcite concretions of the southern Vienna Basin from the sandpit of Steinbrunn (Burgenland) are embedded in Upper Miocene brackish sediments, represented by calcareous sands, silts, and clays. Neither for the siderite, nor for the calcite concretions a petrographic, mineralogical, or stable isotope trend from the center to the margin of the concretions was observed, implying that the concretions grew pervasively. The δC values of the Gams siderite concretions (-11.1 to -7.5‰) point to microbial respiration of organic carbon and the δO values (-3.5 to +2.2‰) are in accordance with a marine depositional environment. The low δC values (-6.8 to -4.2‰) of the Steinbrunn calcite concretions most likely reflect a combination of bacterial organic matter oxidation and input of marine biodetrital carbonate. The corresponding δO values (-8.8 to -7.9‰) agree with carbonate precipitation in a meteoric environment or fractionation in the course of bacterial sulfate reduction. Lipid biomarkers have been extracted before and after decalcification of the concretions in order to assess pristine signatures and to exclude secondary contamination. The siderite concretions did not yield indigenous biomarkers due to their high thermal maturity. The calcite concretions comprise abundant plant wax-derived long-chain n-alkanes, reflecting high terrestrial input. Bacterial-derived, terminally-branched fatty acids and hopanoids were found, but with overall low contents. The presence of framboidal pyrite, the moderately low δC values, and the biomarker inventory indicate that bacterial sulfate reduction contributed to the formation of the calcite concretions in a brackish environment. The low δC values of the siderite concretions, on the other hand, are best explained by bacterial iron reduction, since sulfate reduction and resultant hydrogen sulfide production would have inhibited siderite precipitation. This study documents a new example for an exception from the common pattern that siderite concretions preferentially precipitate in freshwater environments. The Gams siderite concretions formed within marine sediments, whereas the Steinbrunn calcite concretions formed in freshwater to brackish sediments. Karbonatkonkretionen aus verschiedenen Ablagerungsräumen wurden im Hinblick auf ihre Petrografie, stabile Kohlenstoffund Sauerstoffisotope und Lipidbiomarkerinhalt untersucht. Sideritkonkretionen entstammen paleozän-eozänen, tiefmarinen, sandigen bis schluffigen Turbiditen und Mergellagen des Gosaubeckens von Gams in der nördlichen Steiermark. Septarische Kalzitkonkretionen des südlichen Wiener Beckens aus der Sandgrube von Stei
研究了两种不同环境下的碳酸盐结块的岩石学、碳氧稳定同位素模式和脂质生物标志物清单。在古新世-始新世的深海演替中，锆石结核与砂质-粉质浊积岩和泥灰岩层包裹在一起。来自Steinbrunn (Burgenland)沙坑的维也纳盆地南部的分隔方解石结核被嵌在中新世上部的微咸沉积物中，以钙质砂、粉砂和粘土为代表。无论是菱铁矿还是方解石结核，都没有观察到从结核中心到边缘的岩石学、矿物学或稳定同位素趋势，这表明结核是普遍生长的。Gams菱铁矿结核的δC值(-11.1 ~ -7.5‰)反映有机碳微生物呼吸作用，δO值(-3.5 ~ +2.2‰)反映海相沉积环境。Steinbrunn方解石结核的低δC值(-6.8 ~ -4.2‰)很可能反映了细菌有机物氧化和海洋生物碎屑碳酸盐输入的结合。相应的δO值(-8.8 ~ -7.9‰)与大气环境中的碳酸盐沉淀或细菌硫酸盐还原过程中的分馏相一致。在结块脱钙前后提取脂质生物标志物，以评估原始特征并排除二次污染。菱铁矿结核由于热成熟度高，不能产生本地生物标志物。方解石结核含有丰富的植物蜡衍生的长链正构烷烃，反映了高陆地输入。细菌来源的，末端分支脂肪酸和藿烷类被发现，但总体含量低。树状黄铁矿的存在、较低的δC值和生物标志物清查表明，细菌硫酸盐还原有助于微咸环境中方解石结块的形成。另一方面，菱铁矿结晶的低δC值最好用细菌铁还原来解释，因为硫酸盐还原和由此产生的硫化氢会抑制菱铁矿的沉淀。这项研究记录了一个新的例子，一个例外的共同模式，菱铁矿结核优先沉淀在淡水环境。Gams菱铁矿结核形成于海洋沉积物中，而Steinbrunn方解石结核形成于淡水至半咸淡水沉积物中。Karbonatkonkretionen aus verschiedenen Ablagerungsräumen wurden im Hinblick aufre Petrografie，稳定的Kohlenstoffund sauerstoff同位素和脂质生物kerinhalt untersuht。在nördlichen Steiermark中，研究环境污染与浊度的关系，研究环境污染与浊度的关系。9 . Kalzitkonkretionen des ddlichen Wiener Beckens aus der Sandgrube von Steinbrunn (Burgenland) singebettet in obermiozäne, brackische沉淀物，die durch teilweise bituminöse, kalkige Sande, Schluffe und Tone repräsentiert werden。Weder f<s:1> r die Sideritnoch f<e:1> r die Kalzitkonkretionen konnten petrografische oder mineralogische Trends, noch Trends in der vertiilung稳定同位素vum zum Rand beobachtet werden, und ungerichtetes Wachstum der Konkretionen hinindeutet。Die δC-Werte des Siderits (-11.1 bis -7.5‰)weisen auf microbielle Umsetzung von organischem Kohlenstoff hin和Die δO-Werte (-3.5 bis +2.2‰)sind in Einklang mit einem marinationsaum。Die δC-Werte des Gosausediments deuten auf einen marinen Ursprung des Karbonats hin, während Die Sauerstoffisotope am best mit iner meteorischen Überprägung erklärt werden können。Die δC-Werte der Kalzitkonkretionen (-6.8 bis -4.2‰)spiegeln höchstwahrscheinlich eine Mischung von Karbonat aus bakterieller氧化von organcher Substanz mit marinem, biodetritärem Karbonat wieder。Die δO-Werte reichen(-8.8 ~ -7.9‰)，在1990年9月1日(Übereinstimmung mit der Bildung in einer meteorischen Umgebung ist)，在Zuge von bakterieller sulsulterredurer (sulsulterredurer)中被发现。脂质生物标志物wurden vor and nach der Auflösung des Karbonats der Konkretionen extrahiert, um ihre Authentizität zu garantieren and um rezente Oberflächenkontamination auszuschließen。当热代谢因子生物标记物与血凝因子Ablagerungsraum之间存在差异时，热代谢因子生物标记物与血凝因子生物标记物之间存在差异。Die Kalzitkonkretionen enthalten von Pflanzenwachsen stammende, langkettige n-烷烃，Die einterg von terrestrischen bltwachsen repräsentieren。微生物分子化石，微生物分子化石，微生物分子化石，微生物分子化石，微生物分子化石，微生物分子化石，微生物分子化石，微生物分子化石，微生物分子化石，微生物分子化石，微生物分子化石。 研究了两种不同环境下的碳酸盐结块的岩石学、碳氧稳定同位素模式和脂质生物标志物清单。在古新世-始新世的深海演替中，锆石结核与砂质-粉质浊积岩和泥灰岩层包裹在一起。来自Steinbrunn (Burgenland)沙坑的维也纳盆地南部的分隔方解石结核被嵌在中新世上部的微咸沉积物中，以钙质砂、粉砂和粘土为代表。无论是菱铁矿还是方解石结核，都没有观察到从结核中心到边缘的岩石学、矿物学或稳定同位素趋势，这表明结核是普遍生长的。Gams菱铁矿结核的δC值(-11.1 ~ -7.5‰)反映有机碳微生物呼吸作用，δO值(-3.5 ~ +2.2‰)反映海相沉积环境。Steinbrunn方解石结核的低δC值(-6.8 ~ -4.2‰)很可能反映了细菌有机物氧化和海洋生物碎屑碳酸盐输入的结合。相应的δO值(-8.8 ~ -7.9‰)与大气环境中的碳酸盐沉淀或细菌硫酸盐还原过程中的分馏相一致。在结块脱钙前后提取脂质生物标志物，以评估原始特征并排除二次污染。菱铁矿结核由于热成
{"title":"Microbially-driven formation of Cenozoic siderite and calcite concretions from eastern Austria","authors":"Lydia M. F. Baumann, D. Birgel, M. Wagreich, J. Peckmann","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Carbonate concretions from two distinct settings have been studied for their petrography, carbon and oxygen stable isotope patterns, and lipid biomarker inventories. Siderite concretions are enclosed in a Paleocene-Eocene deep-marine succession with sandy to silty turbidites and marl layers from the Gosau Basin of Gams in northern Styria. Septarian calcite concretions of the southern Vienna Basin from the sandpit of Steinbrunn (Burgenland) are embedded in Upper Miocene brackish sediments, represented by calcareous sands, silts, and clays. Neither for the siderite, nor for the calcite concretions a petrographic, mineralogical, or stable isotope trend from the center to the margin of the concretions was observed, implying that the concretions grew pervasively. The δC values of the Gams siderite concretions (-11.1 to -7.5‰) point to microbial respiration of organic carbon and the δO values (-3.5 to +2.2‰) are in accordance with a marine depositional environment. The low δC values (-6.8 to -4.2‰) of the Steinbrunn calcite concretions most likely reflect a combination of bacterial organic matter oxidation and input of marine biodetrital carbonate. The corresponding δO values (-8.8 to -7.9‰) agree with carbonate precipitation in a meteoric environment or fractionation in the course of bacterial sulfate reduction. Lipid biomarkers have been extracted before and after decalcification of the concretions in order to assess pristine signatures and to exclude secondary contamination. The siderite concretions did not yield indigenous biomarkers due to their high thermal maturity. The calcite concretions comprise abundant plant wax-derived long-chain n-alkanes, reflecting high terrestrial input. Bacterial-derived, terminally-branched fatty acids and hopanoids were found, but with overall low contents. The presence of framboidal pyrite, the moderately low δC values, and the biomarker inventory indicate that bacterial sulfate reduction contributed to the formation of the calcite concretions in a brackish environment. The low δC values of the siderite concretions, on the other hand, are best explained by bacterial iron reduction, since sulfate reduction and resultant hydrogen sulfide production would have inhibited siderite precipitation. This study documents a new example for an exception from the common pattern that siderite concretions preferentially precipitate in freshwater environments. The Gams siderite concretions formed within marine sediments, whereas the Steinbrunn calcite concretions formed in freshwater to brackish sediments. Karbonatkonkretionen aus verschiedenen Ablagerungsräumen wurden im Hinblick auf ihre Petrografie, stabile Kohlenstoffund Sauerstoffisotope und Lipidbiomarkerinhalt untersucht. Sideritkonkretionen entstammen paleozän-eozänen, tiefmarinen, sandigen bis schluffigen Turbiditen und Mergellagen des Gosaubeckens von Gams in der nördlichen Steiermark. Septarische Kalzitkonkretionen des südlichen Wiener Beckens aus der Sandgrube von Stei","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Austria all general types of aquifers (porous, karstic and fractured) are present and are subject of hydraulic and hydrochemical in- vestigations. However, in hydrogeological research it is a still widely neglected fact that groundwater flow is not only a flux of water, chemicals and heat within lithological units but that groundwater bodies may also act as habitats with very particular conditions for their inhabitants. In general groundwater inhabitants require three things: a place to live, oxygen and energy or food, respectively. Thus, the living conditions of groundwater animals are directly connected to hydrological and geomorphological conditions on a regional scale, and on a local scale, lithological and structural properties that control hydrogeological parameters such as porosity and hydraulic conductivity, recharge mechanisms and flow dynamics. In this paper we view Austrian hydrogeology from the perspective of groundwater fauna in order to elucidate the connection between the hydrogeological conditions and biological patterns. A brief review of groundwater biology research in general and spe- cifically in Austria, revealed that crustaceans are basically in the focus of groundwater research while other common groundwater dwellers, such as free-living nematodes, are less studied similarly. Porous aquifers are comparably well investigated by groundwater biologists, while fractured aquifers have rarely been considered as habitats to date. Due to the complex hydrogeological situation in Austria, with a greater portion of fractured and karstic aquifers, a systematic biological survey considering hydrogeological aspects may lead to a pronounced progress for the both disciplines, hydrogeology and groundwater biology. For hydrogeological purposes, the studies may provide the basis for using groundwater species (similar to the established method of using stable isotopes) as natural tracers in future studies. From the biological perspective, progress in the understanding of complex habitat-biota relations is expected to result from the investigation of hitherto unknown habitats. In addition, such a survey would not only be an important contribution to biodiversity and biogeography in Austria, it would also pro- mote groundwater research in a broader context, such as the need to protect groundwater as a valuable service providing system (e.g. water quality). Preliminary results from six test sites distributed to four different geological settings (Quaternary basin fill, Flysch-Zone, Northern Calcareous Alps and the Central Crystalline Zone within the Alps) show evidence for a link between the hydrogeological conditions and the present biological assemblages. However, a systematic survey is still required to understand which environmental factors mainly govern live in Austrian aquifers.
{"title":"About faunal life in Austrian aquifers - historical background and current developments","authors":"S. Hilberg, U. Eisendle-Flöckner","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0009","url":null,"abstract":"In Austria all general types of aquifers (porous, karstic and fractured) are present and are subject of hydraulic and hydrochemical in- vestigations. However, in hydrogeological research it is a still widely neglected fact that groundwater flow is not only a flux of water, chemicals and heat within lithological units but that groundwater bodies may also act as habitats with very particular conditions for their inhabitants. In general groundwater inhabitants require three things: a place to live, oxygen and energy or food, respectively. Thus, the living conditions of groundwater animals are directly connected to hydrological and geomorphological conditions on a regional scale, and on a local scale, lithological and structural properties that control hydrogeological parameters such as porosity and hydraulic conductivity, recharge mechanisms and flow dynamics. In this paper we view Austrian hydrogeology from the perspective of groundwater fauna in order to elucidate the connection between the hydrogeological conditions and biological patterns. A brief review of groundwater biology research in general and spe- cifically in Austria, revealed that crustaceans are basically in the focus of groundwater research while other common groundwater dwellers, such as free-living nematodes, are less studied similarly. Porous aquifers are comparably well investigated by groundwater biologists, while fractured aquifers have rarely been considered as habitats to date. Due to the complex hydrogeological situation in Austria, with a greater portion of fractured and karstic aquifers, a systematic biological survey considering hydrogeological aspects may lead to a pronounced progress for the both disciplines, hydrogeology and groundwater biology. For hydrogeological purposes, the studies may provide the basis for using groundwater species (similar to the established method of using stable isotopes) as natural tracers in future studies. From the biological perspective, progress in the understanding of complex habitat-biota relations is expected to result from the investigation of hitherto unknown habitats. In addition, such a survey would not only be an important contribution to biodiversity and biogeography in Austria, it would also pro- mote groundwater research in a broader context, such as the need to protect groundwater as a valuable service providing system (e.g. water quality). Preliminary results from six test sites distributed to four different geological settings (Quaternary basin fill, Flysch-Zone, Northern Calcareous Alps and the Central Crystalline Zone within the Alps) show evidence for a link between the hydrogeological conditions and the present biological assemblages. However, a systematic survey is still required to understand which environmental factors mainly govern live in Austrian aquifers.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Rantitsch, W. Prochaska, M. Seyer, H. Lotz, C. Kurtze
From the 6 th century BC to Byzantine times, the ancient city of Limyra was an important urban center of the Lycian territory at the southwestern coastal region of Asia Minor. Archaeological, geological, hydrochemical and surface elevation data, as well as 14 C age dating constrain a paleo-hydrogeological model, explaining the submergence of the city foundation walls below the groundwater table. In this model, tectonically induced subsidence of the acropolis (Tocak Dagi) initiated a debris flow into the area of the lower city. Both, natural and anthropogenic gravel accumulation resulted in the formation of a new aquifer pathway redirecting formerly bypassing karst water into the city center. Consequently, the inhabitants of Limyra had to fight against the rising ground water table at least since the 6 th to 10 th centuries AD. Die antike Stadt Limyra war vom 6. Jh. v.Chr. bis zu byzantinischer Zeit ein bedeutendes urbanes Zentrum in Lykien an der sud- westlichen Kuste von Kleinasien. Archaologische, geologische und hydrochemische Daten sowie ein Gelandemodell und ein 14 C Alter unterstutzen ein palao-hydrogeologisches Modell, welches das Absinken der Grundmauern der Stadt unter den Grundwasser- spiegel erklart. Das Modell beschreibt tektonisch induzierte Massenbewegungen vom Burgberg (Tocak Dagi) in die Unterstadt. Die naturliche und eine zusatzliche anthropogene Schuttanreicherung fuhrten zu einer Umleitung des ursprunglich vorbeifliesenden Grundwassers in das Stadtzentrum. Dies hatten die Bewohner von Limyra spatestens seit dem sechsten bis zehnten Jh. n. Chr. zu bewaltigen.
从公元前6世纪到拜占庭时代，利米拉古城是小亚细亚西南沿海地区利西亚领土的重要城市中心。考古、地质、水化学和地表高程数据，以及14c年代测定，约束了一个古水文地质模型，解释了城市基础墙淹没在地下水位以下的原因。在这个模型中，构造引起的雅典卫城(Tocak Dagi)的下沉引发了泥石流进入下层城市的区域。自然和人为的砾石堆积形成了一条新的含水层通道，将以前绕过喀斯特的水重新引导到城市中心。因此，至少从公元6至10世纪开始，利米拉的居民就不得不与不断上升的地下水位作斗争。从6月6日开始，叙利亚战争结束。Jh。v.Chr。在Lykien和der sud- westlichen Kuste von Kleinasien的拜占庭时代。考古学、地质学和水化学研究:在古水文地质模型中，在古水文地质模型中，在古水文地质模型中，在古水文地质模型中，在古水文地质模型中，在古水文地质模型中。[2]德国工业大学数学模型研究与应用。自然科学与人类科学的结合，人类科学与人类科学的结合，人类科学的发展。他说:“我的天哪，我的天哪，我的天哪!”n,空空的。祖茂堂bewaltigen。
{"title":"The drowning of ancient Limyra (Southwestern Turkey) by rising groundwater during Late Antiquity to Byzantine times","authors":"G. Rantitsch, W. Prochaska, M. Seyer, H. Lotz, C. Kurtze","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0015","url":null,"abstract":"From the 6 th century BC to Byzantine times, the ancient city of Limyra was an important urban center of the Lycian territory at the southwestern coastal region of Asia Minor. Archaeological, geological, hydrochemical and surface elevation data, as well as 14 C age dating constrain a paleo-hydrogeological model, explaining the submergence of the city foundation walls below the groundwater table. In this model, tectonically induced subsidence of the acropolis (Tocak Dagi) initiated a debris flow into the area of the lower city. Both, natural and anthropogenic gravel accumulation resulted in the formation of a new aquifer pathway redirecting formerly bypassing karst water into the city center. Consequently, the inhabitants of Limyra had to fight against the rising ground water table at least since the 6 th to 10 th centuries AD. Die antike Stadt Limyra war vom 6. Jh. v.Chr. bis zu byzantinischer Zeit ein bedeutendes urbanes Zentrum in Lykien an der sud- westlichen Kuste von Kleinasien. Archaologische, geologische und hydrochemische Daten sowie ein Gelandemodell und ein 14 C Alter unterstutzen ein palao-hydrogeologisches Modell, welches das Absinken der Grundmauern der Stadt unter den Grundwasser- spiegel erklart. Das Modell beschreibt tektonisch induzierte Massenbewegungen vom Burgberg (Tocak Dagi) in die Unterstadt. Die naturliche und eine zusatzliche anthropogene Schuttanreicherung fuhrten zu einer Umleitung des ursprunglich vorbeifliesenden Grundwassers in das Stadtzentrum. Dies hatten die Bewohner von Limyra spatestens seit dem sechsten bis zehnten Jh. n. Chr. zu bewaltigen.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The deposits of the Gresten Formation (Midle Jurassic) obtained from deep wells in the territory of southern Moravia (Czech Republic) have been newly examined with the aim to better describe their provenance and depositional environment. Deposition within a relatively broad flood plain with fluvial/distributive channels, crevasse channels, crevasses splays and coal-swaps have been recognised in the majority of well cores. Basinal/open marine deposits have been less common. The heavy mineral association is quite stable, with significant dominance of garnet and commonly also with high content of zircon. The mineralogical spectra of garnet types were broad with strong dominance of almandines. The rutiles were mostly derived from metapelites and additionally also from metamafic rocks and pegmatites. The results point to mixed sources from both intensively weathered crystalline rocks of the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif (primary source) and the older sedimentary rocks - especially from the Moravo-Silesian Paleozoic deposits (recycled source).
{"title":"Depositional environment and provenance of the GrestenFormation (Dogger) on the southeastern slopes of the BohemianMassif (Czech Republic, subsurface data)","authors":"S. Nehyba, Vladimír Opletal","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0020","url":null,"abstract":"The deposits of the Gresten Formation (Midle Jurassic) obtained from deep wells in the territory of southern Moravia (Czech Republic) have been newly examined with the aim to better describe their provenance and depositional environment. Deposition within a relatively broad flood plain with fluvial/distributive channels, crevasse channels, crevasses splays and coal-swaps have been recognised in the majority of well cores. Basinal/open marine deposits have been less common. The heavy mineral association is quite stable, with significant dominance of garnet and commonly also with high content of zircon. The mineralogical spectra of garnet types were broad with strong dominance of almandines. The rutiles were mostly derived from metapelites and additionally also from metamafic rocks and pegmatites. The results point to mixed sources from both intensively weathered crystalline rocks of the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif (primary source) and the older sedimentary rocks - especially from the Moravo-Silesian Paleozoic deposits (recycled source).","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ślączka, M. Gasiński, G. Wessely, P. Wójcik-Tabol
Calcareous arenitic rocks exposed in the Dopplerhutte and Tulbingerkogel quarries northwest of Vienna were studied to establish their stratigraphic age. The whole succession is a part of the “Northern Zone” – the Tulbingerkogel thrust sheet – which represents the external part of the Wienerwald Flysch. These rocks were regarded commonly as Neocomian, however the analyses of the foraminifera within the intercalations of marly limestones proved the presence of Globorotalia sp. and assemblages with the index species Spiroplectinata annectens (Parker et Jones). Therefore, the depositional age of the studied rocks can be estimated neither older than Albian nor younger than Cenomanian. This indicates that also during the Albian calcareous sedimentation persisted within the northernmost unit of the Rhenodanubian Flysch Zone, which probably represented a detached part of the southern slope of the European continental margin and / or the Penninic Ocean. Es wurden die arenitischen Kalkgesteine, die in den Steinbruchen bei der Dopplerhutte und am Tulbinger Kogel nordlich von Wien aufgeschlossen sind, einer Studie unterzogen, um ihr stratigraphisches Alter zu erharten. Die gesamte Abfolge ist Teil der „Nordzone“ – Tulbingerkogel Schuppe – welche den externen Abschnitt des Wienerwald-Flysches vertritt. Diese Gesteine wurden herkommlich als Neokom- Klippen bezeichnet, jedoch erbrachten Untersuchungen der Foraminiferen aus Einschaltungen von mergeligen Kalken den Nachweis der Anwesenheit von Vergesellschaftungen mit Globorotalia sp. und der Leitform Spiroplectinata annectens (Parker et Jones). Daher konnen nach der Altersabschatzung die untersuchten Gesteine nicht alter als Albium und nicht junger als Cenomanium sein. Dies zeigt an, dass im jungeren Albium kalkige Sedimentation innerhalb der Nordzone andauerte, welche letztere wahrscheinlich einen abgetrennten Teil des sudlichen Hanges der Europaischen Platte bzw des penninischen Ozeans darstellt.
对维也纳西北部Dopplerhutte和Tulbingerkogel采石场暴露的钙质砂质岩石进行了研究，确定了它们的地层年龄。整个演替是“北区”——图宾格尔克格尔逆冲片的一部分，它代表了维纳瓦尔德弗莱施的外部部分。这些岩石通常被认为是新石器时代的，然而，对灰岩夹层中有孔虫的分析证明了Globorotalia sp.的存在，以及以Spiroplectinata annectens为指示种的组合(Parker et Jones)。因此，所研究岩石的沉积年龄既不能比阿尔比世早，也不能比Cenomanian年轻。这表明在Albian时期，在Rhenodanubian Flysch带的最北端单元内也存在钙质沉积，该单元可能代表了欧洲大陆边缘和/或Penninic Ocean南部斜坡的分离部分。研究地下生质，研究地层学。研究地下生质，研究地层学。德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文德文。(1)研究了有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫、有孔虫。在不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件。在北区和奥勒特的年轻期铝碱沉积中，在北区和奥勒特的沉积中，在北区和奥勒特的沉积中，在北区和奥勒特的沉积中，在北区和奥勒特的沉积中，在北区和奥勒特的沉积中，在北区和奥勒特的沉积中，在北区和奥勒特的沉积中，在北区和奥勒特的沉积中。
{"title":"Albian microfossils in the calcarenite limestone from Dopplerhütte and Tulbingerkogel quarries (Northern Zone of the Rhenodanubian Flysch Zone, eastern Austria)","authors":"A. Ślączka, M. Gasiński, G. Wessely, P. Wójcik-Tabol","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Calcareous arenitic rocks exposed in the Dopplerhutte and Tulbingerkogel quarries northwest of Vienna were studied to establish their stratigraphic age. The whole succession is a part of the “Northern Zone” – the Tulbingerkogel thrust sheet – which represents the external part of the Wienerwald Flysch. These rocks were regarded commonly as Neocomian, however the analyses of the foraminifera within the intercalations of marly limestones proved the presence of Globorotalia sp. and assemblages with the index species Spiroplectinata annectens (Parker et Jones). Therefore, the depositional age of the studied rocks can be estimated neither older than Albian nor younger than Cenomanian. This indicates that also during the Albian calcareous sedimentation persisted within the northernmost unit of the Rhenodanubian Flysch Zone, which probably represented a detached part of the southern slope of the European continental margin and / or the Penninic Ocean. Es wurden die arenitischen Kalkgesteine, die in den Steinbruchen bei der Dopplerhutte und am Tulbinger Kogel nordlich von Wien aufgeschlossen sind, einer Studie unterzogen, um ihr stratigraphisches Alter zu erharten. Die gesamte Abfolge ist Teil der „Nordzone“ – Tulbingerkogel Schuppe – welche den externen Abschnitt des Wienerwald-Flysches vertritt. Diese Gesteine wurden herkommlich als Neokom- Klippen bezeichnet, jedoch erbrachten Untersuchungen der Foraminiferen aus Einschaltungen von mergeligen Kalken den Nachweis der Anwesenheit von Vergesellschaftungen mit Globorotalia sp. und der Leitform Spiroplectinata annectens (Parker et Jones). Daher konnen nach der Altersabschatzung die untersuchten Gesteine nicht alter als Albium und nicht junger als Cenomanium sein. Dies zeigt an, dass im jungeren Albium kalkige Sedimentation innerhalb der Nordzone andauerte, welche letztere wahrscheinlich einen abgetrennten Teil des sudlichen Hanges der Europaischen Platte bzw des penninischen Ozeans darstellt.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shale gas exists partly as a gas adsorbed to clay mineral and partly as a free gas within the pores. To evaluate a shale gas reservoir and calculate total gas content, it is essential to accurately analyze porosity, clay volume, and water saturation. In this study, we estimate these factors for the Horn River Basin using various types of well log data such as density log, sonic log, resistivity log, and neutron porosity log. Because a simple density porosity equation results in unreasonable fluid densities, we estimate porosity using total organic carbon. Based on brittleness, an empirical equation for clay volume is defined. Because the correlation coefficient between core-tested clay volume and water saturation is greater than 0.9, the empirical equation for water saturation is also defined in terms of brittleness. For the shale gas reservoir in the Horn River Basin, porosity can be calculated by using a linear equation with the density log, and clay volume and water saturation can be calculated by using a linear relationship with Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. This study suggests that porosity, clay volume, and water saturation models can be established using the elastic model built on seismic inversion.
{"title":"Petrophysical approach for estimating porosity, clay volume, and water saturation in gas-bearing shale: A case study from the Horn River Basin, Canada","authors":"Taeyoun Kim, Seho Hwang, S. Jang","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Shale gas exists partly as a gas adsorbed to clay mineral and partly as a free gas within the pores. To evaluate a shale gas reservoir and calculate total gas content, it is essential to accurately analyze porosity, clay volume, and water saturation. In this study, we estimate these factors for the Horn River Basin using various types of well log data such as density log, sonic log, resistivity log, and neutron porosity log. Because a simple density porosity equation results in unreasonable fluid densities, we estimate porosity using total organic carbon. Based on brittleness, an empirical equation for clay volume is defined. Because the correlation coefficient between core-tested clay volume and water saturation is greater than 0.9, the empirical equation for water saturation is also defined in terms of brittleness. For the shale gas reservoir in the Horn River Basin, porosity can be calculated by using a linear equation with the density log, and clay volume and water saturation can be calculated by using a linear relationship with Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. This study suggests that porosity, clay volume, and water saturation models can be established using the elastic model built on seismic inversion.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Strauhal, C. Prager, B. Millen, C. Spötl, C. Zangerl, R. Brandner
In the Upper Kauner Valley of the Tyrolean Central Alps in Austria, some of the slopes, consisting of crystalline bedrock covered by Quaternary deposits, host groundwater of remarkable chemical composition. The bedrock consists mainly of a thick paragneiss series with intercalations of orthogneiss and amphibolite belonging to the Ötztal-Stubai Basement Complex. These metamorphic rocks are ubiquitously fractured and the fracture surfaces are coated with Fe-(hydr-)oxides and chlorite but also carbonates. Sul phides occur as dispersed accessory crystals and locally as small ore deposits. During the Quaternary, the valley floor, slopes, and cirques were covered by clastic sediments of differing thicknesses. A striking feature of the valley is that the slopes have been affected by different types of mass movements (rockfalls, debris flows and deep-seated rockslides). Data from extensive (hydro)geological field surveys, tunnels (exploration drift and water conduction galleries) and exploration drillings indicate that the groundwater preferentially flows within zones of highly weathered bedrock (i.e. the saprolite), brittle fault and fracture zones, deep-seated rockslides, and in the conductive Quaternary deposits, i.e. the talus, colluvium, debris flow and alluvial deposits. Interestingly, unusually high amounts of total dissolved solids (>1000 mg / l) were measured in some spring waters. Tritium and δO values indicate short residence times (<5 years) and the analysis of δO and δH data shows that the groundwater is of meteoric origin and that no fractionation or evaporation processes, leading to increased mineralisation, have taken place. Ca and Mg are the dominant cations and SO4 and HCO3 are the major anions present. Data correlation shows that the electric conductivity (EC) of the waters increases with increasing Ca, Mg and SO4 concentration, but not with HCO3. Low δS values indicate that the dissolved sulphate can be attributed to the oxidation of sulphides. Accordingly, the dissolution of carbonate fracture fillings and the oxidation of pyrite and other sulphides are regarded as the main processes responsible for the mineralised groundwater in the study area. Im hinteren Kaunertal der Tiroler Zentralalpen, welches aus metamorphen Gesteinen aufgebaut und durch quartäre Ablagerungen bedeckt wird, tritt Grundwasser von bemerkenswerter chemischer Zusammensetzung auf. Das Festgestein ist Teil des ÖtztalStubai-Komplexes und besteht vorwiegend aus mächtigen Paragneis-Serien mit Einschaltungen aus Orthogneis und Amphibolit. Diese metamorphen Gesteine treten durchgehend geklüftet auf. Die Kluftflächen weisen Fe-(hydr-)oxide und Chlorit sowie Karbonat überzüge auf. Sulfide treten einerseits feinverteilt akzessorisch und andererseits als kleine Erzkörper auf. Im Quartär wurden klastische Sedimente unterschiedlicher Mächtigkeiten im Talboden, auf den Hängen und in hochgelegenen Karen abgelagert. Ein besonderes Merkmal des Tales sind verschiedene Typen von Mas
在奥地利蒂罗尔中部阿尔卑斯山脉的上考纳山谷，一些由第四纪沉积物覆盖的结晶基岩组成的斜坡上，蕴藏着具有非凡化学成分的地下水。基岩主要由厚的副长岩系列和正长岩与角闪岩穿插组成，属于Ötztal-Stubai基底杂岩。这些变质岩普遍存在裂缝，裂缝表面包裹有氧化铁和绿泥石，但也包裹有碳酸盐。硫化物以分散的附属晶体形式出现，局部以小矿床形式出现。在第四纪，谷底、斜坡和漩涡被不同厚度的碎屑沉积物所覆盖。山谷的一个显著特征是斜坡受到不同类型的岩体运动(岩崩、泥石流和深层岩崩)的影响。广泛的(水文)地质野外调查、隧道(勘探漂移和导水通道)和勘探钻探数据表明，地下水优先在高度风化的基岩(即腐岩)、脆性断裂和破裂带、深层滑坡以及导电的第四纪沉积(即土积层、崩积层、泥石流和冲积层)中流动。有趣的是，在一些泉水中测量到的总溶解固体含量异常高(约1000毫克/升)。氚和δO值表明在einigen der nat rlichen Quellwässer gemessen中停留时间短(1000 mg / l)。氚和δO Gehalte deuten auf kurze Verweilzeiten (<5 Jahre) hin。δO und δH Daten zeigen, dass das Grundwasser meteorischen Ursprungs ist und keine Fraktionierung der蒸发stattgefunden haben, welche die Mineralisation erhöhen wrden。Ca、Mg和SO4、HCO3和Hauptanionen和Hauptanionen。[3]数据相关性，dass die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Wassers mit zunehmenden Ca, Mg和SO4 Werten, jedoch mit zunehmender HCO3 konconcentration steiget。Niedrige δS Werte weisen darauf hin, ass das gelöste Sulfat aus der Oxidation von Sulfiden stamt。1 . Die Lösung von karbonatischen kluftfllungen and Die Oxidation von Pyrit and andersulfiden werden somit als Hauptprozesse f; Die ho成矿学des Grundwassers in tersusuchungsgebiet angesehen。高海拔高山环境结晶岩和第四纪沉积的含水层地球化学特征(奥地利考纳谷)
{"title":"Aquifer geochemistry of crystalline rocks and Quaternary deposits in a high altitude alpine environment (Kauner Valley, Austria)","authors":"T. Strauhal, C. Prager, B. Millen, C. Spötl, C. Zangerl, R. Brandner","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0002","url":null,"abstract":"In the Upper Kauner Valley of the Tyrolean Central Alps in Austria, some of the slopes, consisting of crystalline bedrock covered by Quaternary deposits, host groundwater of remarkable chemical composition. The bedrock consists mainly of a thick paragneiss series with intercalations of orthogneiss and amphibolite belonging to the Ötztal-Stubai Basement Complex. These metamorphic rocks are ubiquitously fractured and the fracture surfaces are coated with Fe-(hydr-)oxides and chlorite but also carbonates. Sul phides occur as dispersed accessory crystals and locally as small ore deposits. During the Quaternary, the valley floor, slopes, and cirques were covered by clastic sediments of differing thicknesses. A striking feature of the valley is that the slopes have been affected by different types of mass movements (rockfalls, debris flows and deep-seated rockslides). Data from extensive (hydro)geological field surveys, tunnels (exploration drift and water conduction galleries) and exploration drillings indicate that the groundwater preferentially flows within zones of highly weathered bedrock (i.e. the saprolite), brittle fault and fracture zones, deep-seated rockslides, and in the conductive Quaternary deposits, i.e. the talus, colluvium, debris flow and alluvial deposits. Interestingly, unusually high amounts of total dissolved solids (>1000 mg / l) were measured in some spring waters. Tritium and δO values indicate short residence times (<5 years) and the analysis of δO and δH data shows that the groundwater is of meteoric origin and that no fractionation or evaporation processes, leading to increased mineralisation, have taken place. Ca and Mg are the dominant cations and SO4 and HCO3 are the major anions present. Data correlation shows that the electric conductivity (EC) of the waters increases with increasing Ca, Mg and SO4 concentration, but not with HCO3. Low δS values indicate that the dissolved sulphate can be attributed to the oxidation of sulphides. Accordingly, the dissolution of carbonate fracture fillings and the oxidation of pyrite and other sulphides are regarded as the main processes responsible for the mineralised groundwater in the study area. Im hinteren Kaunertal der Tiroler Zentralalpen, welches aus metamorphen Gesteinen aufgebaut und durch quartäre Ablagerungen bedeckt wird, tritt Grundwasser von bemerkenswerter chemischer Zusammensetzung auf. Das Festgestein ist Teil des ÖtztalStubai-Komplexes und besteht vorwiegend aus mächtigen Paragneis-Serien mit Einschaltungen aus Orthogneis und Amphibolit. Diese metamorphen Gesteine treten durchgehend geklüftet auf. Die Kluftflächen weisen Fe-(hydr-)oxide und Chlorit sowie Karbonat überzüge auf. Sulfide treten einerseits feinverteilt akzessorisch und andererseits als kleine Erzkörper auf. Im Quartär wurden klastische Sedimente unterschiedlicher Mächtigkeiten im Talboden, auf den Hängen und in hochgelegenen Karen abgelagert. Ein besonderes Merkmal des Tales sind verschiedene Typen von Mas","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan-wang Wu, Cai Li, Meng-jing Xu, S. Xiong, Zheng-guo Fan, Chao-Ming Xie, Ming Wang
Newly discovered ophiolitic metabasalts in the Taoxinghu area of central Qiangtang on the Qinhai-Tibet Plateau, here described for the first time, have important implications for reconstructions of the tectonic history of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Most of the metaba- salts belong to the tholeiitic basalt series and most have undergone greenschist-facies metamorphism. The distribution of rare earth elements and trace elements shows that the rocks are typical of sub-continental margin arc-basin lavas, similar to the environment of formation of the present-day Okinawa lava, suggesting that the Taoxinghu metabasalts represent the upper portions of a sup- ra-subduction zone (SSZ)-type ophiolite that formed in a continental back-arc basin tectonic environment. The Taoxinghu metaba- salts are mainly sourced from a depleted spinel mantle-source region, with a spinel lherzolite content equivalent to partial melting of 6 %-25 %. In addition, lava compositions were likely affected by melting of sediments during subduction, while the influence of aqueous fluids was minor. Combining with the existing knowledge on the ophiolites of Longmuco-Shuanghu-Lancang suture zone (LSLSZ), an evolutionary model is proposed. The LSLSZ Paleo-Tethys Ocean basin may have started to form during the Cambrian or earlier, and subducted in the early Carboniferous. As subduction proceeded, a continental back-arc basin was developed, the site of generation of most of the Taoxinghu metabasalts. The LSLSZ Paleo-Tethys Ocean finally closed in the Triassic.
{"title":"Petrology and geochemistry of metabasalts from the Taoxinghu ophiolite, central Qiangtang, northern Tibet: Evidence for a continental back-arc basin system","authors":"Yan-wang Wu, Cai Li, Meng-jing Xu, S. Xiong, Zheng-guo Fan, Chao-Ming Xie, Ming Wang","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Newly discovered ophiolitic metabasalts in the Taoxinghu area of central Qiangtang on the Qinhai-Tibet Plateau, here described for the first time, have important implications for reconstructions of the tectonic history of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Most of the metaba- salts belong to the tholeiitic basalt series and most have undergone greenschist-facies metamorphism. The distribution of rare earth elements and trace elements shows that the rocks are typical of sub-continental margin arc-basin lavas, similar to the environment of formation of the present-day Okinawa lava, suggesting that the Taoxinghu metabasalts represent the upper portions of a sup- ra-subduction zone (SSZ)-type ophiolite that formed in a continental back-arc basin tectonic environment. The Taoxinghu metaba- salts are mainly sourced from a depleted spinel mantle-source region, with a spinel lherzolite content equivalent to partial melting of 6 %-25 %. In addition, lava compositions were likely affected by melting of sediments during subduction, while the influence of aqueous fluids was minor. Combining with the existing knowledge on the ophiolites of Longmuco-Shuanghu-Lancang suture zone (LSLSZ), an evolutionary model is proposed. The LSLSZ Paleo-Tethys Ocean basin may have started to form during the Cambrian or earlier, and subducted in the early Carboniferous. As subduction proceeded, a continental back-arc basin was developed, the site of generation of most of the Taoxinghu metabasalts. The LSLSZ Paleo-Tethys Ocean finally closed in the Triassic.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peekamon Ponmanee, P. Kanjanapayont, B. Grasemann, U. Klötzli, M. Choowong
The NW trending Mae Ping shear zone exposes high-grade metamorphic rocks, the so called Lansang gneiss in the Tak region, western Thailand. The lithologies within the strike-slip zone mainly consist of orthogneisses and paragneisses. Using Fry’s method for 2-dimensional strain analysis we find that the averaged finite strain ratio (R s ) of the XY-plane is R s = 1.35-1.69. Based on the kinematic vorticity analysis of the mylonitic gneisses in the shear zone, the kinematic vorticity number is W k = 0.8-1.0 with an average of W k = 0.95. The results imply that the homogeneously deforming rocks within the Mae Ping shear zone have a strong simple shear component with a minor pure shear contribution of about 15 %. The kinematic indictors from both outcrop and micro scopic scales indicate a sinistral strike-slip shear sense. We conclude that the Mae Ping shear zone accommodated crustal scale sinistral transpression.
北西走向的湄平剪切带在泰国西部的德克地区暴露出高品位变质岩，即所谓的兰桑片麻岩。走滑带内岩性主要为正长岩和副长岩。利用Fry方法进行二维应变分析，得到xy平面的平均有限应变比R s = 1.35-1.69。根据剪切带糜棱质片麻岩的运动涡度分析，其运动涡度值为wk = 0.8 ~ 1.0，平均值为wk = 0.95。结果表明，湄平剪切带内均质变形岩石具有较强的单剪切分量，纯剪切分量较小，约占15%。露头和微观尺度的运动学指标均显示出左旋走滑剪切作用。认为湄平剪切带具有地壳尺度的左旋挤压作用。
{"title":"Quantitative finite strain analysis of high-grade metamorphic rocks within the Mae Ping shear zone, western Thailand","authors":"Peekamon Ponmanee, P. Kanjanapayont, B. Grasemann, U. Klötzli, M. Choowong","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0017","url":null,"abstract":"The NW trending Mae Ping shear zone exposes high-grade metamorphic rocks, the so called Lansang gneiss in the Tak region, western Thailand. The lithologies within the strike-slip zone mainly consist of orthogneisses and paragneisses. Using Fry’s method for 2-dimensional strain analysis we find that the averaged finite strain ratio (R s ) of the XY-plane is R s = 1.35-1.69. Based on the kinematic vorticity analysis of the mylonitic gneisses in the shear zone, the kinematic vorticity number is W k = 0.8-1.0 with an average of W k = 0.95. The results imply that the homogeneously deforming rocks within the Mae Ping shear zone have a strong simple shear component with a minor pure shear contribution of about 15 %. The kinematic indictors from both outcrop and micro scopic scales indicate a sinistral strike-slip shear sense. We conclude that the Mae Ping shear zone accommodated crustal scale sinistral transpression.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Tropper, F. Finger, E. Krenn, U. Klötzli, A. Piber, Sonja Gangl
The Kellerjoch Gneiss (KG, Schwazer Augengneis) is part of the Austroalpine basement nappes north of the Tauern Window and extends from Schwaz in the West to Wörgl in the East. It is tectonically intercalated between the Innsbruck Quartzphyllite Nappe in the footwall and the Greywacke Zone in the hanging wall. Microscopical observations imply that the KG is a shallow intruded porphyroitic metagranite. Embayed phenocrysts of quartz and simple twins of K-feldspar phenocrysts with diameters up to more than 1.5 cm support this interpretation. Remnants of the magmatic paragenesis are K-feldspar + albitic plagioclase + Ti-rich biotite. The latter show recrystallization (Variscan or eo-Alpine?) to Ti-poor biotite and a Ti phase (rutile, ilmenite, titanite). The eo-Alpine metamorphic paragenesis consists of muscovite + biotite + albite + chlorite ± stilpnomelane and mineral compositions indicate eo-Alpine metamorphic conditions around 300-400 °C and 5-7 kbar. TIMS single zircon U-Pb dating yielded concordia ages of 468 ± 1 Ma and 469 ± 1 Ma (± 2 SD) for two samples of the KG, respectively, interpreted as the igneous formation age. Zircons extracted from a meta-pegmatite with the mineral assemblage garnet1 (alm-rich) + garnet2 (grs-rich) + chlorite + stilpnomelane + albite + quartz, crosscutting the Kellerjoch Gneiss, are slightly younger with a U-Pb concordia age of 462 ± 1 Ma. A strongly mylonitizised orthogneiss (Stengelgneis) which occurs adjacent to the KG gave a slightly higher zircon U-Pb concordia age of 475 ± 1 Ma. The most common accessory minerals in the KG are monazite, allanite, apatite, zircon and xenotime. Based on textural investigations, two generations of monazite can be distinguished. Primary monazite form crystals with diameters of 40 μm. Some of these monazites are replaced by a corona of apatite and allanite, which indicates a (Variscan?) metamorphic overprint. Secondary monazite occurs as small-scale grains with a diameter of 5-10 μm mostly within the cleavage of muscovite and biotite and intergrown with rutile or ilmenite. Occasionally, secondary monazite is intergrown with xenotime, in which case formation temperatures of <400°C can be inferred from monazite-xenotime miscibility gap thermometry. Electron microprobe-based U-Th-Pb dating of primary monazite yielded CHIME (chemical Th-U-total Pb isochron method) ages of 465 ± 22 Ma and 469 ± 34 Ma, which are in good agreement with the zircon ages. Due to low Th, U, Pb-contents it was not possible to date the small secondary monazite grains. However, based on textural evidence their growth during the eo-Alpine event is likely. Additionally, the low yttrium contents correlate well with low-grade P-T conditions. With regard to the age of its protolith, the KG is another important example of the prominent Lower Ordovician magmatic event, which is found in many places throughout the Austroalpine. While most of these Lower Ordovician magmas are I-type or S-type, the KG is special in that i
Kellerjoch片麻岩(KG, Schwazer Augengneis)是奥阿尔卑斯基底推覆体的一部分，位于陶恩窗以北，从西Schwaz延伸至东Wörgl。构造上位于下盘的因斯布鲁克石英岩推覆带和上盘的格雷瓦克带之间。显微观察表明KG为浅侵入斑岩型偏长花岗岩。石英斑晶和直径超过1.5 cm的钾长石斑晶的简单孪晶支持这一解释。岩浆共生遗迹为钾长石+钠长石斜长石+富钛黑云母。后者表现为贫钛黑云母和钛相(金红石、钛铁矿、钛铁矿)的再结晶(Variscan或o- alpine ?)。古-高寒变质共生由白云母+黑云母+钠长石+绿泥石±辉绿石组成，矿物组成表明古-高寒变质条件为300-400℃，5-7 kbar。TIMS单锆石U-Pb测年结果显示，两个KG样品的统一年龄分别为468±1 Ma和469±1 Ma(±2 SD)，解释为火成岩形成年龄。横切Kellerjoch片麻岩的变质伟晶岩锆石的矿物组合为garnet1(富镁)+ garnet2(富镁)+绿泥石+仍辉黑岩+钠长石+石英，锆石年龄略年轻，U-Pb concordia年龄为462±1 Ma。位于KG附近的强糜棱岩化正长岩(Stengelgneis)给出了略高的锆石U-Pb concordia年龄(475±1 Ma)。KG中最常见的副矿物是独居石、褐褐石、磷灰石、锆石和xenotime。根据结构调查，可以区分出两代独居石。原生独居石形成直径为40 μm的晶体。其中一些独居石被磷灰石和allanite的日冕所取代，这表明(Variscan?)变质叠印。次生独居石以直径5 ~ 10 μm的小颗粒形式出现，主要分布在白云母和黑云母的解理中，与金红石或钛铁矿共生。偶尔，次生独居石与xenotime共生，在这种情况下，从独居石-xenotime混相间隙测温可以推断出地层温度<400°C。原生单氮石的电子探针U-Th-Pb定年得到的CHIME(化学Th-U-total Pb等时线法)年龄分别为465±22 Ma和469±34 Ma，与锆石年龄吻合较好。由于Th、U、pb含量较低，无法对小的次生独居石颗粒进行测年。然而，根据结构证据，它们在古阿尔卑斯事件期间的生长是可能的。此外，低钇含量与低品位P-T条件密切相关。就其原岩的年龄而言，KG是另一个突出的下奥陶统岩浆事件的重要例子，这种岩浆事件在整个奥阿尔卑斯山脉的许多地方都有发现。下奥陶统岩浆多为i型或s型，而KG岩浆在地球化学上表现为a型亲和，是其特殊之处。Der Kellerjochgneis (KG, Schwazer Augengneis) ist Teil Der austroalpinen Basementdecken nördlich des Tauern Fensters和erstret sich von Schwaz in western is nach Wörgl in Osten。Tektonisch light er zwischen dem Innsbrucker Quarzphyllit in Liegenden and der Grauwackenzone in Hangenden。他研究了一种侵入型卟啉变质岩。岩浆岩类型:k -长石+ albitreicher斜长石+ Ti-reicher Biotit。Letzterer rekristallisierte (variszisch oder eoalpidisch?) zu Ti-armen Biotit and einer Ti-Phase (Rutil, Ilmenit, Titanit)。Die eoalpine Mineralparagenese best aus Muskovit + Biotit + Chlorit±Stilpnomelan和Die eoalpine P-T Bedingungen的温度为300-400°C，温度为5-7 kbar。TIMS U-Pb Datierung von Einzelzirkonen ergab Concordia-Alter von 468±1 Ma和469±1 Ma(±2 SD) welche als Intrusionsalter interpretiert werden。锆石aus einem diskordantem metapegmatt mit der Mineralparagenese Granat1 (alm-reich) + Granat2 (grs-reich) +氯化物+ Stilpnomelan +钠长石+石英ergaben in j<s:1> ngeres U-Pb Alter von 462±1 Ma。在475±1 Ma的U-Pb变化中，Der starker mylonitsierte强度分析。Die häufigsten akzessorischen矿物相:KG - sio2、Monazit、Allanit、Apatit、Zirkon和Xenotim。Basierend auf texturellen Beobachtungen konnten zwei Generationen von Monazit unterschieden werden: Primärer Monazit bildet ca. 40 μm grosse Körner和von Apatit and Allanit in Zuge einer späteren (variszischen?)变质umgewandelt。Sekundäre Monazite treten als kleine Körner mit einem Durchmesser von 5-10 μm in den Spaltflächen von Muskovit und Biotit of auch mit Rutil oder Ilmenit verwachsen auf。在<400℃的高温条件下，采用Monazit-Xenotim solvus地热测量方法。 Kellerjoch片麻岩(KG, Schwazer Augengneis)是奥阿尔卑斯基底推覆体的一部分，位于陶恩窗以北，从西Schwaz延伸至东Wörgl。构造上位于下盘的因斯布鲁克石英岩推覆带和上盘的格雷瓦克带之间。显微观察表明KG为浅侵入斑岩型偏长花岗岩。石英斑晶和直径超过1.5 cm的钾长石斑晶的简单孪晶支持这一解释。岩浆共生遗迹为钾长石+钠长石斜长石+富钛黑云母。后者表现为贫钛黑云母和钛相(金红石、钛铁矿、钛铁矿)的再结晶(Variscan或o- alpine ?)。古-高寒变质共生由白云母+黑云母+钠长石+绿泥石±辉绿石组成，矿物组成表明古-高寒变质条件为300-400℃，5-7 kbar。TIMS单锆石U-Pb测年结果显示，两个KG样品的统一年龄分别为468±1 Ma和469±1 Ma(±2 SD)，解释为火成岩形成年龄。横切Kellerjoch片麻岩的变质伟晶岩锆石的矿物组合为garnet1(富镁)+ garnet2(富镁)+绿泥石+仍辉黑岩+钠长石+石英，锆石年龄略年轻，U-Pb conco
{"title":"The Kellerjoch Gneiss (Tyrol, Eastern Alps): An Ordovician pluton with A-type affinity in the crystalline basement nappes north of the Tauern Window","authors":"P. Tropper, F. Finger, E. Krenn, U. Klötzli, A. Piber, Sonja Gangl","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The Kellerjoch Gneiss (KG, Schwazer Augengneis) is part of the Austroalpine basement nappes north of the Tauern Window and extends from Schwaz in the West to Wörgl in the East. It is tectonically intercalated between the Innsbruck Quartzphyllite Nappe in the footwall and the Greywacke Zone in the hanging wall. Microscopical observations imply that the KG is a shallow intruded porphyroitic metagranite. Embayed phenocrysts of quartz and simple twins of K-feldspar phenocrysts with diameters up to more than 1.5 cm support this interpretation. Remnants of the magmatic paragenesis are K-feldspar + albitic plagioclase + Ti-rich biotite. The latter show recrystallization (Variscan or eo-Alpine?) to Ti-poor biotite and a Ti phase (rutile, ilmenite, titanite). The eo-Alpine metamorphic paragenesis consists of muscovite + biotite + albite + chlorite ± stilpnomelane and mineral compositions indicate eo-Alpine metamorphic conditions around 300-400 °C and 5-7 kbar. TIMS single zircon U-Pb dating yielded concordia ages of 468 ± 1 Ma and 469 ± 1 Ma (± 2 SD) for two samples of the KG, respectively, interpreted as the igneous formation age. Zircons extracted from a meta-pegmatite with the mineral assemblage garnet1 (alm-rich) + garnet2 (grs-rich) + chlorite + stilpnomelane + albite + quartz, crosscutting the Kellerjoch Gneiss, are slightly younger with a U-Pb concordia age of 462 ± 1 Ma. A strongly mylonitizised orthogneiss (Stengelgneis) which occurs adjacent to the KG gave a slightly higher zircon U-Pb concordia age of 475 ± 1 Ma. The most common accessory minerals in the KG are monazite, allanite, apatite, zircon and xenotime. Based on textural investigations, two generations of monazite can be distinguished. Primary monazite form crystals with diameters of 40 μm. Some of these monazites are replaced by a corona of apatite and allanite, which indicates a (Variscan?) metamorphic overprint. Secondary monazite occurs as small-scale grains with a diameter of 5-10 μm mostly within the cleavage of muscovite and biotite and intergrown with rutile or ilmenite. Occasionally, secondary monazite is intergrown with xenotime, in which case formation temperatures of <400°C can be inferred from monazite-xenotime miscibility gap thermometry. Electron microprobe-based U-Th-Pb dating of primary monazite yielded CHIME (chemical Th-U-total Pb isochron method) ages of 465 ± 22 Ma and 469 ± 34 Ma, which are in good agreement with the zircon ages. Due to low Th, U, Pb-contents it was not possible to date the small secondary monazite grains. However, based on textural evidence their growth during the eo-Alpine event is likely. Additionally, the low yttrium contents correlate well with low-grade P-T conditions. With regard to the age of its protolith, the KG is another important example of the prominent Lower Ordovician magmatic event, which is found in many places throughout the Austroalpine. While most of these Lower Ordovician magmas are I-type or S-type, the KG is special in that i","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：