{"title":"The Anina (Steierdorf) coal mining district in Banat (Romania) on some old geological maps (1850–1884)","authors":"Enikő Korodi, Z. Bartos-Elekes, I. Haidu","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67600132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Spötl, H. Slupetzky, Ruth Drescher-Schneider, D. Festi, Andreas G Heiss, P. Reimer
The Salzach Valley is one of the major valleys in the Eastern Alps which was occupied by a large ice stream during glacial maxima. In contrast to the Inn and Enns valleys, dated Pleistocene sediments predating the last glacial maximum are rare in the interior of this valley. The only known site is a former gravel pit near Halldorf, close to the conspicuous turn of the valley, where reworked lignite fragments were previously dated to 32 to 55 ka BP. In this study we re-examined these and additional lignite fragments in order to clarify the chronostratigraphic position of this site. Observations made at the time when the quarry was in operation showed that the lignite fragments were well rounded and compressed, and occurred in poorly sorted and poorly bedded deltaic foresets which lacked evidence of over-consolidation. The lignite also contains wood which is also compressed. Radiocarbon analyses performed on twelve individual wood samples yielded 14 infinite C dates (with one exception) indicating that they were most likely older than the Middle Würmian. Pollen showed high arboreal pollen percentages including Picea (dominant), Alnus, Pinus, as well as low percentages of Quercus, Fagus, Abies and Corylus in some samples. Osmunda was also found in some samples. Wood anatomical studies performed on fourteen samples revealed a dominance of Pinus, which, however, likely reflects the poorer preservation potential of soft wood genera such as Picea. The pollen data confirm the radiocarbon dates and document the former presence of a forest vegetation, consistent with Early Würmian records from the northern alpine rim including Mondsee. Although the pollen data do not permit to unequivocally assign these lignite samples to a known stratigraphic interval, they favour a First Early Würmian Interstadial age, whereby different samples record different parts of this long period during which the former peat bog formed. Strong compaction of the peat and wood probably reflects ice loading during the last glacial maximum, while subsequent erosion, transportation and re-deposition by meltwater streams occurred during the deglaciation phase. Das Salzachtal ist eines der großen Täler der Ostalpen und beherbergte einen großen Eisstrom wähernd glazialer Maxima. Im Gegensatz zum Innund Ennstal sind datierte pleistozäne Sedimente aus der Zeit vor dem Hochwürm im Inneren dieses Tales sehr selten. Die einzige bislang bekannt gewordene Lokalität ist eine ehemalige Kiesgrube bei Halldorf, nahe dem markanten Knick des Tales, wo aufgearbeitete Lignitgerölle gefunden wurden, die auf 32-55 ka BP datiert wurden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden diese und weitere Lignitkomponenten neu untersucht um deren chronostratigraphische Stellung zu klären. Feldbeobachtungen aus der Zeit, als die Kiesgrube noch zugänglich war zeigen, dass die Lignitgerölle gut gerundet und stark kompaktiert waren und in schlecht sortierten und schlecht geschichteten Deltakiesen eingebetten waren, die ihrersei
萨尔扎克山谷是东阿尔卑斯山的主要山谷之一，在冰川高峰时期被一条巨大的冰流所占据。与Inn和Enns山谷相反，在这个山谷的内部，在最后一次冰川高峰之前的更新世沉积物是罕见的。唯一已知的地点是哈尔多夫附近的一个前砾石坑，靠近山谷的明显转弯，在那里重新加工的褐煤碎片先前可追溯到32至55 ka BP。在这项研究中，我们重新检查了这些和其他褐煤碎片，以澄清该地点的年代地层位置。采石场作业时的观察表明，褐煤碎片呈圆形和压缩状，发生在分选差、层状差的三角洲森林中，缺乏过度固结的证据。褐煤也含有木材，也被压缩。对12个单独的木材样本进行的放射性碳分析得出了14个无限的碳年代(除了一个例外)，表明它们很可能比中<s:1> rmian更古老。在部分样本中，云杉、桤木、松木等乔木类花粉比例较高，栎、Fagus、冷杉和榛科花粉比例较低。在一些样本中也发现了奥斯蒙达。对14个样本进行的木材解剖研究显示，松树属占优势，然而，这可能反映了云杉等软木属的保存潜力较差。花粉数据证实了放射性碳测年，并记录了以前森林植被的存在，与包括蒙德塞在内的北部高山边缘的早期w<s:1> rmian记录一致。虽然花粉数据不能明确地将这些褐煤样品分配到一个已知的地层间隔，但它们倾向于一个第一早期<s:1>间冰期时代，在这个间冰期，不同的样品记录了前泥炭沼泽形成的漫长时期的不同部分。泥炭和木材的强压实可能反映了末次盛冰期的冰负荷，而随后的侵蚀、搬运和融水流的再沉积则发生在消冰期。Das Salzachtal ist eines der großen Täler der Ostalpen和beherbergte einen großen Eisstrom wähernd glazialer Maxima。Im Gegensatz zum inund enstal sind datatier0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0。Die einzige bislang bekant gewordene Lokalität ist eine ehemalige Kiesgrube bei Halldorf, nahe dem markanten Knick des Tales, wofgearbeitte Lignitgerölle gefunden wurden, Die auf 32-55 ka BP data - ert wurden。In der vorliegenden studdie wurden diese and weitere Lignitkomponenten neu untersucht um deren chronostratigraphische Stellung zu klären。Feldbeobachtungen aus der Zeit，也die Kiesgrube noch zugänglich war zeigen, dass die Lignitgerölle gut gerundet und stark kompaktiert waren und in schlecht sortierten and schlecht geschicteten Deltakiesen ingebetten waren, die ihrseits keinerlei Anzeichen von Überkonsolidierung aufwiesen。在den中，Lignitkomponenten fenden表示，此结果为Hölzer。放射性碳14的分析与zwölf Holzproben ergaben无限C Alter (mit einer Ausnahme)， d.h. diese Proben sind älter als mittelw<e:1> rm。孢粉学(Untersuchungen zeigten):云杉属(优势)、桤木属、松属、松木属和栎属、Fagus属、冷杉属和榛属。Osmunda的翻译结果:Osmunda的翻译结果:松木解剖分析与研究进展与研究进展。[4] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [2]Die Pollendaten bestätigen somit Die Radiokarbonwerte and dokumentieren das Vorkommen ewaldvegetation, was mit frichwhwzeitlichen Referenzprofilen vom Nordrand der Alpen bereinstitut, z.B.星期一。因此，在夏季的研究中，研究人员在<s:1> hw<s:1> rm- interstadial上发现了一种新的生物地层学方法，在夏季的研究中发现了一种新的生物地层学方法，在夏季的研究中发现了一种新的生物地层学方法。死有Kompaktion Torfs ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _______________ 早期Wurmian年龄inneralpine Halldorf网站,Salzach山谷,奥地利)* 1)2)3)4)5)6)Christoph SPOTL亨氏SLUPETZKY,露丝DRESCHER-SCHNEIDER,达妮埃拉FESTI安德烈·g·HEISS &葆拉·J。 1)因斯布鲁克大学地质研究所，奥地利因斯布鲁克52,6020;2)萨尔茨堡大学地理与地质学系，奥地利萨尔茨堡Hellbrunnerstrasse 34,5020;3)奥地利格拉茨卡尔-弗兰岑斯大学植物科学研究所，奥地利格拉茨Holteigasse 68010;4)奥地利因斯布鲁克大学植物研究所，sternwartesstra ße 15, 6020;5)奥地利考古研究所(ÖAI)，奥地利科学院(ÖAW)， Franz Klein-Gasse 1，奥地利维也纳1190;前身:维也纳大学维也纳考古科学研究所(VIAS)，奥地利维也纳1090;6)贝尔法斯特女王大学自然与建筑环境学院气候、环境与年表研究中心(14CHRONO)，英国贝尔法斯特bt71nn;*)通讯作者，christoph.spoetl@uibk.ac.at
{"title":"An early würmian age for the inneralpine halldorf site, salzach valley, Austria","authors":"C. Spötl, H. Slupetzky, Ruth Drescher-Schneider, D. Festi, Andreas G Heiss, P. Reimer","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The Salzach Valley is one of the major valleys in the Eastern Alps which was occupied by a large ice stream during glacial maxima. In contrast to the Inn and Enns valleys, dated Pleistocene sediments predating the last glacial maximum are rare in the interior of this valley. The only known site is a former gravel pit near Halldorf, close to the conspicuous turn of the valley, where reworked lignite fragments were previously dated to 32 to 55 ka BP. In this study we re-examined these and additional lignite fragments in order to clarify the chronostratigraphic position of this site. Observations made at the time when the quarry was in operation showed that the lignite fragments were well rounded and compressed, and occurred in poorly sorted and poorly bedded deltaic foresets which lacked evidence of over-consolidation. The lignite also contains wood which is also compressed. Radiocarbon analyses performed on twelve individual wood samples yielded 14 infinite C dates (with one exception) indicating that they were most likely older than the Middle Würmian. Pollen showed high arboreal pollen percentages including Picea (dominant), Alnus, Pinus, as well as low percentages of Quercus, Fagus, Abies and Corylus in some samples. Osmunda was also found in some samples. Wood anatomical studies performed on fourteen samples revealed a dominance of Pinus, which, however, likely reflects the poorer preservation potential of soft wood genera such as Picea. The pollen data confirm the radiocarbon dates and document the former presence of a forest vegetation, consistent with Early Würmian records from the northern alpine rim including Mondsee. Although the pollen data do not permit to unequivocally assign these lignite samples to a known stratigraphic interval, they favour a First Early Würmian Interstadial age, whereby different samples record different parts of this long period during which the former peat bog formed. Strong compaction of the peat and wood probably reflects ice loading during the last glacial maximum, while subsequent erosion, transportation and re-deposition by meltwater streams occurred during the deglaciation phase. Das Salzachtal ist eines der großen Täler der Ostalpen und beherbergte einen großen Eisstrom wähernd glazialer Maxima. Im Gegensatz zum Innund Ennstal sind datierte pleistozäne Sedimente aus der Zeit vor dem Hochwürm im Inneren dieses Tales sehr selten. Die einzige bislang bekannt gewordene Lokalität ist eine ehemalige Kiesgrube bei Halldorf, nahe dem markanten Knick des Tales, wo aufgearbeitete Lignitgerölle gefunden wurden, die auf 32-55 ka BP datiert wurden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden diese und weitere Lignitkomponenten neu untersucht um deren chronostratigraphische Stellung zu klären. Feldbeobachtungen aus der Zeit, als die Kiesgrube noch zugänglich war zeigen, dass die Lignitgerölle gut gerundet und stark kompaktiert waren und in schlecht sortierten und schlecht geschichteten Deltakiesen eingebetten waren, die ihrersei","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48078817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The derivation of geomechanical properties, like the rock strength, from elastic properties is an important topic not only in the oil industry, but also for geothermal projects, tunnelling or mining. It is one of the crucial parameters for the stability of the borehole, the drilling rate or stability of an underground mine. The idea of applying the petrographic model concept which involves an additional mineralogical influence was developed for the correlation between compressional wave velocity and uniaxial compression strength for sandstone, limestone, anhydrite and gypsum. The first step of this model is to define or assume the solid matrix properties of the dense host material, which covers therefore the influence of the rock type/lithology. The second step implements fractures/cracks with an inclusion model. Samples are selected from the surface and from borehole. A newly measurement set-up was developed to measure velocities during the uniaxial compression test. Additionally, the application of the derived equations on log data is tested. The presented correlations using the petrographic coded model concept shows good first results. Correlation between uniaxial compression strength and compressional wave velocity can be derived using the petrographic coded model concept (inclusion and defect model). The derived equations can easily be applied on log data and also deliver good results for the uniaxial compression strength in the borehole. Die Ableitung geomechanischer Parameter, wie die Gesteinsfestigkeit, von elastischen Eigenschaften, ist nicht nur in der Ölindustrie, sondern auch für Geothermie Projekte, im Tunnelbau oder im Bergbau, von großem Interesse. Es ist eine der Kerngrößen für die Stabilität des Bohrlochs, der Bohrgeschwindigkeit oder der Stabilität eines Untertagebergbaues. Die Idee der Anwendung des petrographisch kodierten Modelkonzeptes, welches zusätzlich den Mineraleinfluss beinhaltet, wurde für die Korrelation zwischen Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit und einaxialer Druckfestigkeit für Sandstein, Kalkstein, Anhydrit und Gips entwickelt. Der erste Schritt dieses Models ist es, die Matrixwerte von der dichten Materialmasse, welche den Einfluss des Gesteinstyps/der Lithologie beinhaltet, zu bestimmen oder anzunehmen. Der zweite Schritt implementiert Risse/Brüche mit einem Inklusionsmodel. Es wurden Oberflächenproben und Bohrkerne ausgewählt. Ein neuer Messaufbau wurde entwickelt um Geschwindigkeiten währen eines einaxialen Druckversuches zu messen. Zusätzlich wurde die Anwendung der abgeleiteten Gleichungen an Bohrlochdaten getestet. Die hier präsentierten Korrelationen unter Verwendung des petrographisch kodierten Models zeigen erste gute Ergebnisse. Korrelationen zwischen einaxialer Druckfestigkeit und Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit können mit dem Model (Inklusionen und Defekt Model) abgeleitet werden. Die Gleichungen können weiter leicht an Bohrlochdaten angewendet werden und erste Ergebnisse liefern gute Werte für die
从弹性性质推导地质力学性质，如岩石强度，不仅是石油工业的一个重要课题，也是地热工程、隧道或采矿的一个重要课题。它是决定井眼稳定性、钻速或地下矿山稳定性的关键参数之一。为了研究砂岩、石灰石、硬石膏和石膏的纵波速度与单轴抗压强度之间的关系，提出了应用岩石学模型概念的想法，其中包括额外的矿物学影响。该模型的第一步是定义或假设致密宿主材料的固体基质特性，因此涵盖了岩石类型/岩性的影响。第二步使用包含模型实现断裂/裂纹。样品分别取自地表和钻孔。开发了一种新的测量装置，用于测量单轴压缩试验中的速度。并对导出的方程在测井资料上的应用进行了验证。采用岩石学编码模型概念所提出的相关性显示出良好的初步结果。利用岩石学编码模型概念(包裹体和缺陷模型)，可以推导出单轴抗压强度与纵波速度的相关性。推导出的方程可以很容易地应用于测井数据，也可以很好地计算井内单轴抗压强度。岩土力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数Ölindustrie，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数Ölindustrie，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数Ölindustrie，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数，弹性力学参数。Es ist eine der Kerngrößen fgr die Stabilität des Bohrlochs, der Bohrgeschwindigkeit oder der Stabilität eines Untertagebergbaues。岩石学研究进展:岩石动力学研究进展:岩石动力学研究进展:岩石动力学研究进展:岩石动力学研究进展:岩石动力学研究进展:岩石动力学研究进展:岩石动力学研究进展:岩石动力学研究进展;岩石动力学研究进展:岩石动力学研究进展;岩石动力学研究进展:岩石动力学研究进展;Der erste Schritt dieses Models ist, die Matrixwerte von Der dechten materialmass, welche den Einfluss des Gesteinstyps/ Der Lithologie beinhalet, zu beestimmen Der和zunehmen。Der zweite Schritt implementiert Risse/ br che mit einem inklusions模型。Es wurden Oberflächenproben和Bohrkerne ausgewählt。在德国，德拉克雅那是一个非常好的例子。Zusätzlich wurde die Anwendung der abgeleiteten Gleichungen and Bohrlochdaten getestet。Die hier präsentierten在岩石学研究的基础上的相关性研究。相关文献:drucfestkeit与压缩、膨胀、膨胀、膨胀、膨胀、膨胀、膨胀、膨胀模型(Inklusionen和defkt模型)Die Gleichungen können weiter leicha and Bohrlochdaten的翻译结果:Die Gleichungen können weiter leicha和Bohrlochdaten的翻译结果:Die einaxiale druckfestikeit im Bohrloch。_______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 奥地利维也纳地球科学杂志》DOI:10.17738/ajes.2017.0007高寒岩石地质力学与弹性属性相关性的岩石学编码模型概念及其在测井资料中的应用__________________________________________ 1)*)2)3)Nina GEGENHUBER, Thomas SCHIFKO & Gerhard PITTINO 1) Montanuniversitaet Leoben，应用地球物理学主席，Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben，奥地利;2)奥地利辉固有限公司，奥地利Bruck and der Mur Einoedstrasse 13,8600;3)利奥本蒙大学城地下工程学院，Franz-Josef-Strasse 18，奥地利利奥本8700;*)通讯作者，nina.gegenhuber@unileoben.ac.at单轴抗压强度;纵波速度;岩相学的代码;日志数据;高山的岩石
{"title":"Petrographic coded model concept for the correlation between geomechanical and elastic properties and its application on log data for Alpine rocks","authors":"N. Gegenhuber, Thomas Schifko, G. Pittino","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The derivation of geomechanical properties, like the rock strength, from elastic properties is an important topic not only in the oil industry, but also for geothermal projects, tunnelling or mining. It is one of the crucial parameters for the stability of the borehole, the drilling rate or stability of an underground mine. The idea of applying the petrographic model concept which involves an additional mineralogical influence was developed for the correlation between compressional wave velocity and uniaxial compression strength for sandstone, limestone, anhydrite and gypsum. The first step of this model is to define or assume the solid matrix properties of the dense host material, which covers therefore the influence of the rock type/lithology. The second step implements fractures/cracks with an inclusion model. Samples are selected from the surface and from borehole. A newly measurement set-up was developed to measure velocities during the uniaxial compression test. Additionally, the application of the derived equations on log data is tested. The presented correlations using the petrographic coded model concept shows good first results. Correlation between uniaxial compression strength and compressional wave velocity can be derived using the petrographic coded model concept (inclusion and defect model). The derived equations can easily be applied on log data and also deliver good results for the uniaxial compression strength in the borehole. Die Ableitung geomechanischer Parameter, wie die Gesteinsfestigkeit, von elastischen Eigenschaften, ist nicht nur in der Ölindustrie, sondern auch für Geothermie Projekte, im Tunnelbau oder im Bergbau, von großem Interesse. Es ist eine der Kerngrößen für die Stabilität des Bohrlochs, der Bohrgeschwindigkeit oder der Stabilität eines Untertagebergbaues. Die Idee der Anwendung des petrographisch kodierten Modelkonzeptes, welches zusätzlich den Mineraleinfluss beinhaltet, wurde für die Korrelation zwischen Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit und einaxialer Druckfestigkeit für Sandstein, Kalkstein, Anhydrit und Gips entwickelt. Der erste Schritt dieses Models ist es, die Matrixwerte von der dichten Materialmasse, welche den Einfluss des Gesteinstyps/der Lithologie beinhaltet, zu bestimmen oder anzunehmen. Der zweite Schritt implementiert Risse/Brüche mit einem Inklusionsmodel. Es wurden Oberflächenproben und Bohrkerne ausgewählt. Ein neuer Messaufbau wurde entwickelt um Geschwindigkeiten währen eines einaxialen Druckversuches zu messen. Zusätzlich wurde die Anwendung der abgeleiteten Gleichungen an Bohrlochdaten getestet. Die hier präsentierten Korrelationen unter Verwendung des petrographisch kodierten Models zeigen erste gute Ergebnisse. Korrelationen zwischen einaxialer Druckfestigkeit und Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit können mit dem Model (Inklusionen und Defekt Model) abgeleitet werden. Die Gleichungen können weiter leicht an Bohrlochdaten angewendet werden und erste Ergebnisse liefern gute Werte für die","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67600100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mineralogical composition of the Baumkirchen lacustrine sequence (Würmian, Inn Valley, Tyrol): provenance and palaeogeographical implications","authors":"S. Barrett, D. Schmidmair, C. Spötl","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the variation and correlation between physical properties of ore bodies of interest is vital for every exploration project. Therefore comprehensive petrophysical laboratory measurements on representative sample material from two dispersemineralized greisen bodies of the Southern Bohemian Batholith (Austria) and the Eastern Erzgebirge Vulcano-Plutonic Complex (Germany), respectively, are presented in this study. As many greisen bodies host mineral deposits of economic interest, the aim of the study was to identify petrophysical properties which are suitable for distinguishing greisen bodies from the surrounding rocks. The gathered physical information (density, porosity, velocity, magnetic susceptibility, gamma spectroscopy, electrical resistivity, spectral induced polarization (SIP)) indicates that a differentiation of mineralized greisen zones of interest from the surrounding rocks is only possible based on a combined investigation of several parameters. Elevated grain and bulk densities (mean: 3 2.75 g/cm and 2.67 g/cm , respectively) are indicative of the Erzgebirge low-porosity (mostly < 3%) mineralized greisen rocks in comparison to the lower densities of the surrounding Teplice rhyolite and albite granite. Bulk density, however, is critically influenced by porosity and is therefore not suitable to distinguish the Austrian greisen rocks from the surrounding two-mica granites, 3 despite the greisens’ comparably high grain density (mean: 2.74 g/cm ). Their higher porosity (mean: 5.7%) also results in lower elastic wave velocities (mostly < 2900 m/s) and lower electrical resistivities (mostly < 2100 Ohmm) than the surrounding rocks. The electrical resistivities and elastic wave velocities of the German greisen samples are, in contrast, rather variable with no distinct level above or below the neighboring rocks. Magnetic susceptibility also delivers a good contrast between the greisens and their surrounding rocks as it is highly responsive to elevated mica contents or the presence of oxidic ore minerals. If quartz content predominates or oxidic ores are absent, however, there is no contrast in the magnetic susceptibility of the greisens and the surrounding rocks. With regard to natural gamma radiation, the greisens are characterized by generally low absolute readings as well as low U counts, while K and Th counts seem to be dependent on mica type. Results from SIP measurements suggest that especially phase information can be used to adequately differentiate greisen zones associated with Li-mineralization from country rocks in the Erzgebirge. In Austrian greisen rocks, however, the characteristics of the SIP spectra are less distinct. A crossplot of the real vs. the imaginary part of complex conductivity, however, is suitable for identification of rocks with high mica content. Based on these results a combined investigation of density, magnetic susceptibility, and spectral gamma seems to be most promising for identification of greis
了解感兴趣的矿体物理性质之间的变化和相关性对每个勘探项目都至关重要。因此，本文分别对奥地利南部波西米亚基和德国东部Erzgebirge火山-深部杂岩的两个分散化灰岩体的代表性样品进行了全面的岩石物理实验室测量。由于许多灰岩体含有具有经济价值的矿床，因此研究的目的是确定适合于将灰岩体与围岩区分开来的岩石物理性质。收集到的物理信息(密度、孔隙度、速度、磁化率、伽马能谱、电阻率、谱致极化(SIP))表明，只有在综合研究几个参数的基础上，才能从围岩中区分出感兴趣的矿化灰岩带。较高的颗粒密度和体积密度(平均值分别为3.2.75 g/cm和2.67 g/cm)表明，与周围的Teplice流纹岩和钠长花岗岩的较低密度相比，Erzgebirge低孔隙度(大多数< 3%)矿化灰岩。然而，体积密度受到孔隙度的严重影响，因此不适用于区分奥地利灰岩和周围的二云母花岗岩3，尽管灰岩的颗粒密度相对较高(平均:2.74 g/cm)。它们的孔隙度较高(平均5.7%)，也导致其弹性波速(大多< 2900 m/s)和电阻率(大多< 2100 ω)低于围岩。相比之下，德国格雷森样品的电阻率和弹性波速变化很大，在邻近岩石的上方或下方没有明显的水平。磁化率对云母含量的增加或氧化矿石矿物的存在有很高的反应，因此也能很好地将灰石与其周围岩石进行对比。然而，如果石英含量占主导地位或不含氧化矿石，则矿石和围岩的磁化率没有对比。关于自然伽马辐射，greisens的特点是一般低绝对读数和低U计数，而K和Th计数似乎取决于云母类型。SIP测量结果表明，特别是相位信息可以用来充分区分与锂矿化有关的灰色带和二日格的乡村岩石。然而，在奥地利灰岩中，SIP谱的特征不太明显。复电导率实部与虚部的交点图适用于鉴定云母含量高的岩石。基于这些结果，结合密度、磁化率和谱伽马的研究似乎是最有希望识别灰纹体的方法。研究方向:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:物理研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:科学研究项目:参见第2部分:studdie werden daher umfassende petrophysialische Labormessungen和repräsentativem Probenmaterial zweier Greisenkörper des Südböhmischen Batholiths (Österreich) und des vulkano-plutonischen Komplexes des Osterzgebirges (Deutschland) vorgestellt。d viele Greisenkörper Erzlagerstätten von wirtschaftlichem Interesse beinhalten, war das Ziel der研究，岩石物理特征schaften zu identifizien, in denen siich die Greisenkörper entscheidend von dennebengesteen unterscheiden。Die gewonnenen physikalischen Informationen (Dichte, Porosität, Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit, magnetischen Suszeptibilität, natrliche Gammastrahlung，光谱工业偏振(SIP)) legen nahe, dass eine Unterscheidung mineralisierter Greisenzonen vom Nebengestein nur basierend auf 3 einer kombinierten Untersuchung mehrer参数möglich ist: Erhöhte Kornund Gesamtdichten (im Mittel 2,75 g/cm bzw。32,67 g/cm) sind f<e:1> r die gering porösen (< 3%) Greisengesteine des Erzgebirges charteristisch。Im Vergleich dazu sind die Dichten der Nebengesteine (teplice - rhyolite and albit花岗岩)durchwegs niedriger。Die Gesamtdichte wind jedoch entscheidend von 3 der Porosität beeinflusst und kann daher, trotz deren hoher Korndichte von 2,74 g/cm, nicht allein herangezogen werden, um Die poröseren österreichischen Greisengesteine vom untersuchten Nebengestein (Zweiglimmergranit) zu unterscheiden。Deren hohe Porosität von etwa 5,7%的resultiert auch在niedrigeren Geschwindigkeiten von < 2900 m/s和niedrigerem elektrischen Widerstand (meist < 2100 m/s)也在Nebengestein。 了解感兴趣的矿体物理性质之间的变化和相关性对每个勘探项目都至关重要。因此，本文分别对奥地利南部波西米亚基和德国东部Erzgebirge火山-深部杂岩的两个分散化灰岩体的代表性样品进行了全面的岩石物理实验室测量。由于许多灰岩体含有具有经济价值的矿床，因此研究的目的是确定适合于将灰岩体与围岩区分开来的岩石物理性质。收集到的物理信息(密度、孔隙度、速度、磁化率、伽马能谱、电阻率、谱致极化(SIP))表明，只有在综合研究几个参数的基础上，才能从围岩中区分出感兴趣的矿化灰岩带。较高的颗粒密度和体积密度(平均值分别为3.2.75 g/cm和2.67 g/cm)表明，与周围的Teplice流纹岩和钠长花岗岩的较低密度相比，Erzgebirge低孔隙度(大多数< 3%)矿化灰岩。然而，体积密度受到孔隙度的严重影响，因此不适用于区分奥地利灰岩和周围的二云母花岗岩3，尽管灰岩的颗粒密度相对较高(平均:2.74 g/cm)。它们的孔隙度较高(平均5.7%)，也导致其弹性波速(大多< 2900 m/s)和电阻率(大多< 2100 ω)低于围岩。相比之下，德国格雷森样品的电阻率和弹性波速变化很大，在邻
{"title":"Multi-parameter petrophysical characterization of Variscan greisen rocks from the Southern Bohemian Batholith (Austria) and the Eastern Erzgebirge Volcano-Plutonic Complex (Germany)","authors":"Edith Müller-Huber, F. Börner","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the variation and correlation between physical properties of ore bodies of interest is vital for every exploration project. Therefore comprehensive petrophysical laboratory measurements on representative sample material from two dispersemineralized greisen bodies of the Southern Bohemian Batholith (Austria) and the Eastern Erzgebirge Vulcano-Plutonic Complex (Germany), respectively, are presented in this study. As many greisen bodies host mineral deposits of economic interest, the aim of the study was to identify petrophysical properties which are suitable for distinguishing greisen bodies from the surrounding rocks. The gathered physical information (density, porosity, velocity, magnetic susceptibility, gamma spectroscopy, electrical resistivity, spectral induced polarization (SIP)) indicates that a differentiation of mineralized greisen zones of interest from the surrounding rocks is only possible based on a combined investigation of several parameters. Elevated grain and bulk densities (mean: 3 2.75 g/cm and 2.67 g/cm , respectively) are indicative of the Erzgebirge low-porosity (mostly < 3%) mineralized greisen rocks in comparison to the lower densities of the surrounding Teplice rhyolite and albite granite. Bulk density, however, is critically influenced by porosity and is therefore not suitable to distinguish the Austrian greisen rocks from the surrounding two-mica granites, 3 despite the greisens’ comparably high grain density (mean: 2.74 g/cm ). Their higher porosity (mean: 5.7%) also results in lower elastic wave velocities (mostly < 2900 m/s) and lower electrical resistivities (mostly < 2100 Ohmm) than the surrounding rocks. The electrical resistivities and elastic wave velocities of the German greisen samples are, in contrast, rather variable with no distinct level above or below the neighboring rocks. Magnetic susceptibility also delivers a good contrast between the greisens and their surrounding rocks as it is highly responsive to elevated mica contents or the presence of oxidic ore minerals. If quartz content predominates or oxidic ores are absent, however, there is no contrast in the magnetic susceptibility of the greisens and the surrounding rocks. With regard to natural gamma radiation, the greisens are characterized by generally low absolute readings as well as low U counts, while K and Th counts seem to be dependent on mica type. Results from SIP measurements suggest that especially phase information can be used to adequately differentiate greisen zones associated with Li-mineralization from country rocks in the Erzgebirge. In Austrian greisen rocks, however, the characteristics of the SIP spectra are less distinct. A crossplot of the real vs. the imaginary part of complex conductivity, however, is suitable for identification of rocks with high mica content. Based on these results a combined investigation of density, magnetic susceptibility, and spectral gamma seems to be most promising for identification of greis","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie-Louise Grundtner, D. Gross, R. Gratzer, D. Misch, R. Sachsenhofer, L. Scheucher
A strong relationship between carbonate precipitation and microbial gas generation is evident for the Upper Eocene reservoir rocks of the North Alpine Foreland Basin. To achieve a better understanding of this relationship, 40 samples of limnic to shallow marine, gas-, oiland water-bearing sandstones were studied to determine mineralogy and diagenetic history. The specific mineral parageneses were used to reconstruct changes in the hydrogeochemical conditions over time. Thus, authigenic mineral phases within reservoir rocks are an important archive for the reconstruction of pore fluid composition changes. The eogenetic pore space evolution of investigated Eocene sandstones is influenced by their primary mineralogy, which is strongly controlled by (i) depositional environment, (ii) detrital input and (iii) transport distances. Thus, a low compositional maturity is associated with high feldspar and high clay mineral content. Authigenic clay minerals, formed during several stages of diagenesis, play an important role for reservoir quality, due to pore space reduction. During eogenesis, authigenic micritic and sparitic carbonate phases are precipitated, which decreases the pore space. These eogenetic carbonate cements exhibit isotope values of about δ C: -5.9 to +2.2‰ and O: -8.3 to -4.3‰ [VPDB]. Some of these sam18 ples indicate a trend towards lighter δ O values (-17.2‰), which is attributed to meteoric flush. Within the Eocene sandstones, two types of strongly cemented zones with low permeabilities can be differentiated: (i) extraordi13 nary light δ C (-28.4‰) carbonates, which formed due to degradation of organic matter at the stage of advanced sulfate reduc13 13 tion and (ii) heavy δ C (δ C: +8.7‰), which precipitated at the fermentation zone. Within the reservoir sandstones telogenesis is characterized by mineral destabilization (e.g. carbonate and feldspar corrosion) and kaolinite precipitation. The formation of authigenic kaolinite booklets resulted into a decrease in porosity. _____________________ ________________________________________________ ____________________________ ______________________________________ ________________ 13 18 δ Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2017.0005 1)*) 1) 1) 1) 1) Marie-Louise GRUNDTNER , Doris GROSS , Reinhard GRATZER , David MISCH , Reinhard F. SACHSENHOFER &
{"title":"Carbonate cementation in Upper Eocene clastic reservoir rocks from the North Alpine Foreland Basin (Austria)","authors":"Marie-Louise Grundtner, D. Gross, R. Gratzer, D. Misch, R. Sachsenhofer, L. Scheucher","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0005","url":null,"abstract":"A strong relationship between carbonate precipitation and microbial gas generation is evident for the Upper Eocene reservoir rocks of the North Alpine Foreland Basin. To achieve a better understanding of this relationship, 40 samples of limnic to shallow marine, gas-, oiland water-bearing sandstones were studied to determine mineralogy and diagenetic history. The specific mineral parageneses were used to reconstruct changes in the hydrogeochemical conditions over time. Thus, authigenic mineral phases within reservoir rocks are an important archive for the reconstruction of pore fluid composition changes. The eogenetic pore space evolution of investigated Eocene sandstones is influenced by their primary mineralogy, which is strongly controlled by (i) depositional environment, (ii) detrital input and (iii) transport distances. Thus, a low compositional maturity is associated with high feldspar and high clay mineral content. Authigenic clay minerals, formed during several stages of diagenesis, play an important role for reservoir quality, due to pore space reduction. During eogenesis, authigenic micritic and sparitic carbonate phases are precipitated, which decreases the pore space. These eogenetic carbonate cements exhibit isotope values of about δ C: -5.9 to +2.2‰ and O: -8.3 to -4.3‰ [VPDB]. Some of these sam18 ples indicate a trend towards lighter δ O values (-17.2‰), which is attributed to meteoric flush. Within the Eocene sandstones, two types of strongly cemented zones with low permeabilities can be differentiated: (i) extraordi13 nary light δ C (-28.4‰) carbonates, which formed due to degradation of organic matter at the stage of advanced sulfate reduc13 13 tion and (ii) heavy δ C (δ C: +8.7‰), which precipitated at the fermentation zone. Within the reservoir sandstones telogenesis is characterized by mineral destabilization (e.g. carbonate and feldspar corrosion) and kaolinite precipitation. The formation of authigenic kaolinite booklets resulted into a decrease in porosity. _____________________ ________________________________________________ ____________________________ ______________________________________ ________________ 13 18 δ Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2017.0005 1)*) 1) 1) 1) 1) Marie-Louise GRUNDTNER , Doris GROSS , Reinhard GRATZER , David MISCH , Reinhard F. SACHSENHOFER &","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first description of Upper Cretaceous (“Senonian”) mass flow deposits discovered in the Striebornica section, in the central part of the Považský Inovec Mts. (Tatricum, Western Carpathians) is provided. The studied section is situated above the Poruba Formation (Albian – Lower Cenomanian) of the Tatricum tectonic unit (the Inovec succession) and below the Fatricum tectonic unit represented by the Triassic sediments. The mass flow deposits which are here classified as the Hubina Formation (new name) can be divided into three parts. The basal part is formed by calcareous pebbly mudstones and polymictic conglomerates. The middle part of the succession is composed predominantly of claystone or shale with minor sandstone interbeds. The upper part represents thickening-upward sandstone beds. The preserved post-early Turonian association of planktonic foraminifers extracted from the basal and middle part of the succession refer to a latest middle Turonian–Santonian age. The position of the Hubina Formation indicates post-Santonian emplacement of the Fatricum in the western segment of the Western Carpathians. The Hubina Formation is interpreted to be a part of the wedge-top basin overlapping the Tatricum.__
{"title":"Turonian–Santonian sediments in the Tatricum of the Považský Inovec Mts. (Internal Western Carpathians, Slovakia)","authors":"O. Pelech, J. Hók, Š. Józsa","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The first description of Upper Cretaceous (“Senonian”) mass flow deposits discovered in the Striebornica section, in the central part of the Považský Inovec Mts. (Tatricum, Western Carpathians) is provided. The studied section is situated above the Poruba Formation (Albian – Lower Cenomanian) of the Tatricum tectonic unit (the Inovec succession) and below the Fatricum tectonic unit represented by the Triassic sediments. The mass flow deposits which are here classified as the Hubina Formation (new name) can be divided into three parts. The basal part is formed by calcareous pebbly mudstones and polymictic conglomerates. The middle part of the succession is composed predominantly of claystone or shale with minor sandstone interbeds. The upper part represents thickening-upward sandstone beds. The preserved post-early Turonian association of planktonic foraminifers extracted from the basal and middle part of the succession refer to a latest middle Turonian–Santonian age. The position of the Hubina Formation indicates post-Santonian emplacement of the Fatricum in the western segment of the Western Carpathians. The Hubina Formation is interpreted to be a part of the wedge-top basin overlapping the Tatricum.__","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Figure 1: A. Schematic geological map of the Eastern Alps. Occurrences of Gosau Group sediments (black), brick symbol: Northern Calcareous Alps. After Summesberger et al. (2017a). B. Local sketch map of parts of the Gosau Basin, with modifications after Summesberger et al. (2017a) indicating the localities mentioned in the text._______________________________________________________________ Abstract 11 ammonite are described from the upper Santonian of the Hofergraben site (Gosau Group; Upper Austria): Pachydiscidae gen. et sp. indet. juv., Placenticeras polyopsis (Dujardin, 1837), Placenticeras paraplanum Wiedmann, 1978, Placenticeras aff. maherndli Summesberger, 1979, Texanites quinquenodosus Redtenbacher, 1873, Eulophoceras jacobi Hourcq, 1949, Jouaniceras hispanicum Wiedmann, 1994, ? Jouaniceras sp., Eubostrychoceras acuticostatum (d’Orbigny, 1842), Glyptoxoceras crispatum (Moberg, 1885), Baculites fuchsi Redtenbacher, 1873. Jouaniceras hispanicum Wiedmann, 1994 and Eubostrychoceras acuticostatum (d’Orbigny, 1842) are recorded for the first time from the Gosau Group confirming the close connection with the Upper Cretataxa
{"title":"On late Santonian ammonites from the Hofergraben Member (Gosau Group, Upper Cretaceous, Austria)","authors":"H. Summesberger, W. Kennedy, P. Skoumal","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Figure 1: A. Schematic geological map of the Eastern Alps. Occurrences of Gosau Group sediments (black), brick symbol: Northern Calcareous Alps. After Summesberger et al. (2017a). B. Local sketch map of parts of the Gosau Basin, with modifications after Summesberger et al. (2017a) indicating the localities mentioned in the text._______________________________________________________________ Abstract 11 ammonite are described from the upper Santonian of the Hofergraben site (Gosau Group; Upper Austria): Pachydiscidae gen. et sp. indet. juv., Placenticeras polyopsis (Dujardin, 1837), Placenticeras paraplanum Wiedmann, 1978, Placenticeras aff. maherndli Summesberger, 1979, Texanites quinquenodosus Redtenbacher, 1873, Eulophoceras jacobi Hourcq, 1949, Jouaniceras hispanicum Wiedmann, 1994, ? Jouaniceras sp., Eubostrychoceras acuticostatum (d’Orbigny, 1842), Glyptoxoceras crispatum (Moberg, 1885), Baculites fuchsi Redtenbacher, 1873. Jouaniceras hispanicum Wiedmann, 1994 and Eubostrychoceras acuticostatum (d’Orbigny, 1842) are recorded for the first time from the Gosau Group confirming the close connection with the Upper Cretataxa","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Geological Sciences, as in any other academic field, computers and software aided work are essential tools. Although Free and Open Source software is largely used in academic institutions for several purposes it is not yet state-of-the-art for the everyday usage. The usage of free and open source software is, besides the freedom of its ease of use, distribution, and modification, also recommended due to the increasing financial burden. There are many suited and effective alternative free software applications to the most common used proprietary commercial ones. Many common work steps can even be done entirely with the free operating system Linux. A selection of free software applications is compiled which are useful for geoscientific data evaluation and presentation. The provided information aims to lower the threshold of reservations against a potential migration and gives an overview about currently available alternative software useful in the Geological Sciences. In den geologischen Wissenschaften, wie auch in allen anderen Disziplinen, sind Computer, sowie softwareunterstützte Tätigkeiten, längst unverzichtbare Werkzeuge. Obgleich Freie und Open Source Software in vielen speziellen Einsatzgebieten verbreitet ist, wird diese noch nicht umfassend für den täglichen Gebrauch benutzt. Die Verwendung von Freier und Open Source Software ist, neben der Freiheit sie uneingeschränkt nutzen, verteilen und modifizieren zu können, auch wegen zunehmender budgetärer Einschränkungen zu empfehlen. Mit diesem Artikel möchten wir die geologische Gemeinschaft auf die vielen geeigneten Programme hinweisen, die als Alternativen zu den üblicherweise häufig benutzten proprietären, kommerziellen Programmen existieren. Viele alltägliche computergestützte Aufgaben können auch zur Gänze mit dem freien Betriebsystem Linux durchgeführt werden, ohne Einbußen in Funktionalität oder Professionalität befürchten zu müssen. Eine ausgewählte Liste geowissenchaftlich interessanter freier Anwendungen wird durch Referenzen ergänzt. Dieser Artikel soll über die Möglichkeiten freier alternativer Software informieren, die Zurückhaltung vor einer eventuellen Migration mindern, sowie einen Überblick über die aktuell verfügbare freie geowissenschaftliche Software geben. _______________________________ ______________________________________________________________
在地质科学中，如同在任何其他学术领域一样，计算机和软件辅助工作是必不可少的工具。尽管自由和开源软件在学术机构中被广泛用于多种目的，但对于日常使用来说，它还不是最先进的。使用自由和开放源码软件，除了其易于使用、分发和修改的自由之外，由于日益增加的经济负担，也建议使用自由和开放源码软件。对于最常用的私有商业软件，有许多合适且有效的替代自由软件应用程序。许多常见的工作步骤甚至可以完全用自由操作系统Linux完成。编译了一些免费的应用软件，这些软件对地球科学数据的评价和展示非常有用。所提供的信息旨在降低对潜在迁移的保留阈值，并概述当前可用的地质科学有用的替代软件。In den geologischen Wissenschaften, weich In allen anderen Disziplinen, sind Computer, soweisoftwareuntersttzte Tätigkeiten, längst unverzichtbare Werkzeuge。Obgleich免费和开源软件在vielen speziellen Einsatzgebieten verbreitet ist，风的病的晚上unfassend r den täglichen Gebrauch benutzt。Die Verwendung von Freier and Open Source Software ist, neben der Freiheit sie uneingeschränkt nutzen, verilen and modifizieren zu können，每个wegen zunehmender budgetärer Einschränkungen zu empfelen。Mit diesem Artikel möchten wir die geologische Gemeinschaft auf die vielen geeigneten Programme hinweisen, die als Alternativen zu den blicherweise häufig benutzten proprietären, kommerziellen Programmen existtieren。Viele alltägliche computergest tzte Aufgaben können auch zur Gänze mit dem freien Betriebsystem Linux durchgefhrt werden, ohne Einbußen in Funktionalität oder Professionalität bechten zu m ssen。Eine ausgewählte列出geowissenchaftlich interessant freier Anwendungen wind durch reference ergänzt。德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国_______________________________ ______________________________________________________________
{"title":"Using Free/Libre and Open Source Software in the Geological Sciences","authors":"D. Mader, B. Schenk","doi":"10.17738/ajes.2017.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2017.0010","url":null,"abstract":"In the Geological Sciences, as in any other academic field, computers and software aided work are essential tools. Although Free and Open Source software is largely used in academic institutions for several purposes it is not yet state-of-the-art for the everyday usage. The usage of free and open source software is, besides the freedom of its ease of use, distribution, and modification, also recommended due to the increasing financial burden. There are many suited and effective alternative free software applications to the most common used proprietary commercial ones. Many common work steps can even be done entirely with the free operating system Linux. A selection of free software applications is compiled which are useful for geoscientific data evaluation and presentation. The provided information aims to lower the threshold of reservations against a potential migration and gives an overview about currently available alternative software useful in the Geological Sciences. In den geologischen Wissenschaften, wie auch in allen anderen Disziplinen, sind Computer, sowie softwareunterstützte Tätigkeiten, längst unverzichtbare Werkzeuge. Obgleich Freie und Open Source Software in vielen speziellen Einsatzgebieten verbreitet ist, wird diese noch nicht umfassend für den täglichen Gebrauch benutzt. Die Verwendung von Freier und Open Source Software ist, neben der Freiheit sie uneingeschränkt nutzen, verteilen und modifizieren zu können, auch wegen zunehmender budgetärer Einschränkungen zu empfehlen. Mit diesem Artikel möchten wir die geologische Gemeinschaft auf die vielen geeigneten Programme hinweisen, die als Alternativen zu den üblicherweise häufig benutzten proprietären, kommerziellen Programmen existieren. Viele alltägliche computergestützte Aufgaben können auch zur Gänze mit dem freien Betriebsystem Linux durchgeführt werden, ohne Einbußen in Funktionalität oder Professionalität befürchten zu müssen. Eine ausgewählte Liste geowissenchaftlich interessanter freier Anwendungen wird durch Referenzen ergänzt. Dieser Artikel soll über die Möglichkeiten freier alternativer Software informieren, die Zurückhaltung vor einer eventuellen Migration mindern, sowie einen Überblick über die aktuell verfügbare freie geowissenschaftliche Software geben. _______________________________ ______________________________________________________________","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new model was developed for the paleogeographic distribution of dinoflagellate cysts across the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. Four sections in the Eastern Alps were studied. The Knappengraben and Gamsbach sections are located in the Gosau Basin of Gams, Austria. They are continuous across the boundary and represent a bathyal environment. The Waidach section north of Salzburg (Austria) contains neritic deposits of the Helvetic unit but shows a hiatus at the boundary. The Goppling section between Teisendorf and Oberteisendorf (Bavaria, Germany) belongs to a turbidite-rich, deep-water system (Ultrahelvetic unit), and is considered to be continuous across the boundary. The occurrence and distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in these sections suggests that Trabeculidinium, Adnatosphaeridium, Spiniferites, Pterodinium, Impagidinium, Achomosphaera and Codoniella are restricted to bathyal environments, whereas Areoligera, Manumiella and Trithyrodinium are restricted to the neritic environment. The abundance of Manumiella and Trithyrodinium indicate a high nutrient supply. Hystrichosphaeridium -dominated assemblages have been recorded in both neritic and bathyal environments. Two Manumiella spikes were recorded only at Waidach and interpreted to reflect slight coolings of oceanic surface waters. In the Danian, acme of Spongodinium delitiense are recorded ~1 m above the K/Pg boundary in the neritic and bathyal environments. These acmes could reflect a slight cooling of surface waters in the earliest Danian. The palynofacies analysis in the Gams Basin reveals a high abundance of amorphous organic matter in the Maastrichtian, and black phytoclasts in the Danian, which indicates intensified terrigenous run-off in the Danian with higher sea-floor oxygenation. In the Waidach section, palynomorphs are much more abundant, indicating a shelf to basin transitional area with dysoxic-anoxic conditions at the sea-floor. Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2017.0003 A model of dinoflagellate cyst distribution around the K/Pg boundary and its paleoenvironmental implications (Eastern Alps) 1)*) 2) Omar MOHAMED & Werner E. PILLER 1) Faculty of Science, Geology Department, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt; 2) Institute of Earth Sciences (Geology and Palaeontology), University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 26, 8010 Graz, Austria; *) Corresponding author, omar.mohamed@mu.edu.eg Dinoflagellate cysts; palynofacies; Cretaceous/Paleogene; Eastern Alps
建立了白垩纪/古近纪(K/Pg)界线上鞭毛藻包囊古地理分布的新模型。研究了东阿尔卑斯山的四个剖面。Knappengraben和Gamsbach部分位于奥地利Gams的Gosau盆地。它们连续跨越边界，代表着深海环境。萨尔茨堡(奥地利)北部的怀达奇剖面包含Helvetic单元的浅海沉积，但在边界处显示出间断。Teisendorf和Oberteisendorf(德国巴伐利亚州)之间的Goppling剖面属于一个富含浊积岩的深水体系(Ultrahelvetic单元)，被认为是连续跨越边界的。甲藻囊的出现和分布表明，小叶藻、Adnatosphaeridium、Spiniferites、Pterodinium、Impagidinium、Achomosphaera和Codoniella局限于深海环境，Areoligera、Manumiella和Trithyrodinium局限于浅海环境。沙门氏菌和甲状三甲菌的丰度表明营养供应充足。在浅海和深海环境中均记录了以Hystrichosphaeridium为主的组合。仅在怀达奇记录到两个Manumiella尖峰，并解释为海洋表层水的轻微冷却。在大年纪，在海浅海和深海环境中，在K/Pg边界以上约1 m处记录了delitiense海绵藻的顶点。这些顶点可能反映了大年早期地表水的轻微冷却。Gams盆地孢粉相分析显示，Maastrichtian期无定形有机质丰度高，Danian期黑色植物碎屑丰度高，表明Danian期陆源径流加剧，海底氧合程度较高。在怀达奇剖面，地貌更为丰富，表明海底为陆架-盆地过渡区，存在缺氧-缺氧条件。东阿尔卑斯地区K/Pg边界附近鞭毛藻包囊分布模型及其古环境意义1)*)2)Omar MOHAMED & Werner E. PILLER 1)埃及Minia大学地质学系，El-Minia;2)奥地利格拉茨大学地球科学(地质与古生物学)研究所，奥地利格拉茨海因里希大街26,8010;*)通讯作者，omar.mohamed@mu.edu.eg鞭毛藻囊肿;palynofacies;白垩纪/下第三系;东部的阿尔卑斯山脉
{"title":"A model of dinoflagellate cyst distribution around the K/Pg boundary and its paleoenvironmental implications (Eastern Alps)","authors":"O. Mohamed, W. Piller","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0003","url":null,"abstract":"A new model was developed for the paleogeographic distribution of dinoflagellate cysts across the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. Four sections in the Eastern Alps were studied. The Knappengraben and Gamsbach sections are located in the Gosau Basin of Gams, Austria. They are continuous across the boundary and represent a bathyal environment. The Waidach section north of Salzburg (Austria) contains neritic deposits of the Helvetic unit but shows a hiatus at the boundary. The Goppling section between Teisendorf and Oberteisendorf (Bavaria, Germany) belongs to a turbidite-rich, deep-water system (Ultrahelvetic unit), and is considered to be continuous across the boundary. The occurrence and distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in these sections suggests that Trabeculidinium, Adnatosphaeridium, Spiniferites, Pterodinium, Impagidinium, Achomosphaera and Codoniella are restricted to bathyal environments, whereas Areoligera, Manumiella and Trithyrodinium are restricted to the neritic environment. The abundance of Manumiella and Trithyrodinium indicate a high nutrient supply. Hystrichosphaeridium -dominated assemblages have been recorded in both neritic and bathyal environments. Two Manumiella spikes were recorded only at Waidach and interpreted to reflect slight coolings of oceanic surface waters. In the Danian, acme of Spongodinium delitiense are recorded ~1 m above the K/Pg boundary in the neritic and bathyal environments. These acmes could reflect a slight cooling of surface waters in the earliest Danian. The palynofacies analysis in the Gams Basin reveals a high abundance of amorphous organic matter in the Maastrichtian, and black phytoclasts in the Danian, which indicates intensified terrigenous run-off in the Danian with higher sea-floor oxygenation. In the Waidach section, palynomorphs are much more abundant, indicating a shelf to basin transitional area with dysoxic-anoxic conditions at the sea-floor. Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2017.0003 A model of dinoflagellate cyst distribution around the K/Pg boundary and its paleoenvironmental implications (Eastern Alps) 1)*) 2) Omar MOHAMED & Werner E. PILLER 1) Faculty of Science, Geology Department, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt; 2) Institute of Earth Sciences (Geology and Palaeontology), University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 26, 8010 Graz, Austria; *) Corresponding author, omar.mohamed@mu.edu.eg Dinoflagellate cysts; palynofacies; Cretaceous/Paleogene; Eastern Alps","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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