Markus Palzer-Khomenko, M. Wagreich, Mădălina-Elena Kallanxhi, A. Soliman, Wolfgang Knierzinger, Maria Meszar, S. Gier
Abstract A detailed study of OMV wells throughout the Lower Austrian Molasse Basin demonstrates the existence of a distinct and synchronous upper Ottnangian (lower Miocene) stratigraphic signal, the Calcite Minimum Interval (CMI). It corresponds to the depositional phase of the Rzehakia Lake System. This signal is interpreted to be of chronostratigraphic importance as an expression of palaeoclimate and related sea-level change. It is represented by the brackish Traisen Formation, which crops out south of the Danube. The Traisen Formation correlates with sands and shales in OMV wells to the north, termed Wildendürnbach Formation. However, the CMI underlies a marine unit, the so-called “Oncophora Beds” (also known as Rzehakia Beds) as reported from OMV wells in the north at the border to the Czech Republic. We demonstrate that these former “Oncophora Beds” are younger, i.e. of Karpatian age, than originally assumed. Therefore, these deposits cannot be correlated to the late Ottnangian Traisen Formation. This may solve the problem of contradicting interpretations concerning the depositional environment of both units, which were correlated to each other in the past. As no Rzehakia bivalves (formerly Oncophora) are described from these former “Oncophora Beds”, we recommend to avoid using the term for these turbiditic sands. Instead, we attribute these deposits to the fully marine Karpatian Laa Formation. These new findings, which are in accordance with published data from the Czech Republic, indicate two (in time and space) independent sedimentary systems and sand deposition centres for the Traisen Formation and the massive sands attributed as “Oncophora Beds” around Wildendürnbach. A late Ottnangian system in the south delivered the material of the Traisen Formation from the Alps and a Karpatian system delivered the clastic material of the massive sands of the Laa Formation from the east.
{"title":"Facies, palaeogeography and stratigraphy of the lower Miocene Traisen Formation and Wildendürnbach Formation (former “Oncophora Beds”) in the Molasse Zone of Lower Austria","authors":"Markus Palzer-Khomenko, M. Wagreich, Mădălina-Elena Kallanxhi, A. Soliman, Wolfgang Knierzinger, Maria Meszar, S. Gier","doi":"10.17738/ajes.2018.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2018.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A detailed study of OMV wells throughout the Lower Austrian Molasse Basin demonstrates the existence of a distinct and synchronous upper Ottnangian (lower Miocene) stratigraphic signal, the Calcite Minimum Interval (CMI). It corresponds to the depositional phase of the Rzehakia Lake System. This signal is interpreted to be of chronostratigraphic importance as an expression of palaeoclimate and related sea-level change. It is represented by the brackish Traisen Formation, which crops out south of the Danube. The Traisen Formation correlates with sands and shales in OMV wells to the north, termed Wildendürnbach Formation. However, the CMI underlies a marine unit, the so-called “Oncophora Beds” (also known as Rzehakia Beds) as reported from OMV wells in the north at the border to the Czech Republic. We demonstrate that these former “Oncophora Beds” are younger, i.e. of Karpatian age, than originally assumed. Therefore, these deposits cannot be correlated to the late Ottnangian Traisen Formation. This may solve the problem of contradicting interpretations concerning the depositional environment of both units, which were correlated to each other in the past. As no Rzehakia bivalves (formerly Oncophora) are described from these former “Oncophora Beds”, we recommend to avoid using the term for these turbiditic sands. Instead, we attribute these deposits to the fully marine Karpatian Laa Formation. These new findings, which are in accordance with published data from the Czech Republic, indicate two (in time and space) independent sedimentary systems and sand deposition centres for the Traisen Formation and the massive sands attributed as “Oncophora Beds” around Wildendürnbach. A late Ottnangian system in the south delivered the material of the Traisen Formation from the Alps and a Karpatian system delivered the clastic material of the massive sands of the Laa Formation from the east.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49589457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reihaneh Roshanak, F. Moore, A. Zarasvandi, B. Keshavarzi, R. Gratzer
Abstract The Qorveh-Takab travertines, which are connected to thermal springs, are situated in the northwest of the Sanandaj- Sirjan metamorphic zone in Iran. In this study, the travertines were investigated applying petrography, mineralogy and isotope geochemistry. Oxygen and carbon isotope geochemistry, petrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis were used to determine the source of the CO2 and the lithofacies and to classify the travertines. Isotope studies, morphological and mineralogical observations and distribution of travertines revealed that the travertines of the Qorveh-Takab could be of thermal water origin and, therefore, belong to the thermogene travertine category. These travertines are usually massive with mound-type morphology and are essentially found in regions with recent volcanic or high tectonic activity. The measured δ13C values of the travertines indicate that the δ13C of the CO2 released from the water during travertine deposition, while the source of the CO2 in the water springs seems to have been of crustal magmatic affinity. These travertines are divided into two lithofacies: (1) crystalline crust travertine and (2) pebbly (phytoclastic travertine with pebble- size extraclasts) travertine. δ18O and δ13C values of travertines are -0.6 to -11.9 (‰VPDB) and +6.08 to +9.84 (‰VPDB), respectively. A probable reason for the heavy carbon isotope content observed in these deposits is the presence of algae microorganisms, which was verified by SEM images. Fissure ridges, fluvial crusts with oncoids, and mound morphological features are observed in the study area. Based on the petrographic and SEM criteria, Qorveh-Takab travertines are classified into four groups: (1) compacted, (2) laminated, (3) iron-rich spring deposit and (4) aragonite-bearing travertines. Stable isotope compositions of Turkish travertines are largely similar to the travertines in the study area.
{"title":"Stable isotope geochemistry and petrography of the Qorveh–Takab travertines in northwest Iran","authors":"Reihaneh Roshanak, F. Moore, A. Zarasvandi, B. Keshavarzi, R. Gratzer","doi":"10.17738/ajes.2018.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2018.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Qorveh-Takab travertines, which are connected to thermal springs, are situated in the northwest of the Sanandaj- Sirjan metamorphic zone in Iran. In this study, the travertines were investigated applying petrography, mineralogy and isotope geochemistry. Oxygen and carbon isotope geochemistry, petrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis were used to determine the source of the CO2 and the lithofacies and to classify the travertines. Isotope studies, morphological and mineralogical observations and distribution of travertines revealed that the travertines of the Qorveh-Takab could be of thermal water origin and, therefore, belong to the thermogene travertine category. These travertines are usually massive with mound-type morphology and are essentially found in regions with recent volcanic or high tectonic activity. The measured δ13C values of the travertines indicate that the δ13C of the CO2 released from the water during travertine deposition, while the source of the CO2 in the water springs seems to have been of crustal magmatic affinity. These travertines are divided into two lithofacies: (1) crystalline crust travertine and (2) pebbly (phytoclastic travertine with pebble- size extraclasts) travertine. δ18O and δ13C values of travertines are -0.6 to -11.9 (‰VPDB) and +6.08 to +9.84 (‰VPDB), respectively. A probable reason for the heavy carbon isotope content observed in these deposits is the presence of algae microorganisms, which was verified by SEM images. Fissure ridges, fluvial crusts with oncoids, and mound morphological features are observed in the study area. Based on the petrographic and SEM criteria, Qorveh-Takab travertines are classified into four groups: (1) compacted, (2) laminated, (3) iron-rich spring deposit and (4) aragonite-bearing travertines. Stable isotope compositions of Turkish travertines are largely similar to the travertines in the study area.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47866115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Using 12-year-long series of data (2001-2012) from geomagnetic observatories and repeat stations in Austria and its neighboring countries, a regional spatial-temporal (ST) model is developed based on the polynomial expansion consisting of latitude, longitude, and time of the geomagnetic field components and total magnetic field F. Additionally, we have used three different global models (CHAOS-5, POMME-9, and EMM2015), which are built on spherical harmonics up to a maximum degree Lmax and give the core field and crustal field separately. The normal field provided by the ST model and its “model bias”, which comprise the residuals of the differences between measured and predicted values, are calculated and the respective maps are shown. The residuals are considered an estimate of the local crustal field. In the case of global models, we have applied for each of these three methods to calculate the “model bias”: residuals of the differences between observed values and predicted values of the model, residuals of the differences between observed values and core field values of the model, and the average bias for the period 2001-2012. The normal field of the region of Austria provided by each global model is also calculated. Generally, the regional and global models yield relatively similar crustal fields for the Austrian region, especially when the first method is used. The normal fields calculated by them are in good agreement with each other. Each of the global models directly provides the crustal field, and they are compared with the aeromagnetic data provided by aeromagnetic surveys over the Austrian region. The ST model is in better agreement with aeromagnetic data. We have also analyzed the secular variation over the region, which is calculated from the rate of change of normal field given by the ST and global models.
{"title":"Crustal geomagnetic field and secular variation by regional and global models for Austria","authors":"K. Peqini, B. Duka, R. Egli, B. Leichter","doi":"10.17738/ajes.2018.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2018.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using 12-year-long series of data (2001-2012) from geomagnetic observatories and repeat stations in Austria and its neighboring countries, a regional spatial-temporal (ST) model is developed based on the polynomial expansion consisting of latitude, longitude, and time of the geomagnetic field components and total magnetic field F. Additionally, we have used three different global models (CHAOS-5, POMME-9, and EMM2015), which are built on spherical harmonics up to a maximum degree Lmax and give the core field and crustal field separately. The normal field provided by the ST model and its “model bias”, which comprise the residuals of the differences between measured and predicted values, are calculated and the respective maps are shown. The residuals are considered an estimate of the local crustal field. In the case of global models, we have applied for each of these three methods to calculate the “model bias”: residuals of the differences between observed values and predicted values of the model, residuals of the differences between observed values and core field values of the model, and the average bias for the period 2001-2012. The normal field of the region of Austria provided by each global model is also calculated. Generally, the regional and global models yield relatively similar crustal fields for the Austrian region, especially when the first method is used. The normal fields calculated by them are in good agreement with each other. Each of the global models directly provides the crustal field, and they are compared with the aeromagnetic data provided by aeromagnetic surveys over the Austrian region. The ST model is in better agreement with aeromagnetic data. We have also analyzed the secular variation over the region, which is calculated from the rate of change of normal field given by the ST and global models.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47599093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Early Triassic (Smithian) ammonoids from Gornji Brčeli (southern Montenegro)","authors":"Martin Đaković","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Meng, R. Sachsenhofer, Zhaojun Liu, P. Sun, F. Hu, R. Zhou, Kebing Wang
The Huadian Basin is a small fault-controlled basin in northeast China. It is filled by the Eocene Huadian Formation comprising thick lacustrine oil shale-and coal-bearing sediments. Oil shale, mudstone and carbonaceous shale samples have been collected to determine their mineralogical and geochemical (major, trace and rare earth elements) characteristics. These data are used to evaluate sediment provenance as well as paleoclimate and depositional environment. The fine-grained sediments in the Huadian Formation are derived from felsic volcanic rocks and granites, mixed with minor amounts of mafic and sedimentary rocks. Geo-chemical proxies confirm sediment recycling in the source region. Clay mineralogy and indices of chemical alteration suggest that a subtropical warm and humid climate prevailed during deposition of the fine-grained sediments. The data also suggest climatic changes during deposition of the Huadian Formation, from a stable warm and humid climate causing intermediate chemical weathering (Pyrite Member), to a seasonal dry-wet climate (Oil Shale Member), to a stable warmer and more humid climate causing strong chemical weathering (Carbonaceous Shale Member). Based on inorganic proxies, the fine-grained sediments in the Huadian Formation have been deposited in an anoxic fresh-water environment. Only the sediments of the Oil Shale Member reflect fluctuating freshwater and brackish conditions. The Eocene climatic change controlled lake level variations and water chemistry. A brackish and strictly anoxic environment together with a warm and humid climate was beneficial for the formation of high quality oil shale, whereas fresh-water conditions and warm and more humid climate favored peat accumulation.
{"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of fine-grained clastic rocks in the Eocene Huadian Basin (NE China): Implications for sediment provenance, paleoclimate and depositional environment","authors":"Q. Meng, R. Sachsenhofer, Zhaojun Liu, P. Sun, F. Hu, R. Zhou, Kebing Wang","doi":"10.17738/ajes.2017.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2017.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The Huadian Basin is a small fault-controlled basin in northeast China. It is filled by the Eocene Huadian Formation comprising thick lacustrine oil shale-and coal-bearing sediments. Oil shale, mudstone and carbonaceous shale samples have been collected to determine their mineralogical and geochemical (major, trace and rare earth elements) characteristics. These data are used to evaluate sediment provenance as well as paleoclimate and depositional environment. The fine-grained sediments in the Huadian Formation are derived from felsic volcanic rocks and granites, mixed with minor amounts of mafic and sedimentary rocks. Geo-chemical proxies confirm sediment recycling in the source region. Clay mineralogy and indices of chemical alteration suggest that a subtropical warm and humid climate prevailed during deposition of the fine-grained sediments. The data also suggest climatic changes during deposition of the Huadian Formation, from a stable warm and humid climate causing intermediate chemical weathering (Pyrite Member), to a seasonal dry-wet climate (Oil Shale Member), to a stable warmer and more humid climate causing strong chemical weathering (Carbonaceous Shale Member). Based on inorganic proxies, the fine-grained sediments in the Huadian Formation have been deposited in an anoxic fresh-water environment. Only the sediments of the Oil Shale Member reflect fluctuating freshwater and brackish conditions. The Eocene climatic change controlled lake level variations and water chemistry. A brackish and strictly anoxic environment together with a warm and humid climate was beneficial for the formation of high quality oil shale, whereas fresh-water conditions and warm and more humid climate favored peat accumulation.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our paleomagnetic investigations in the Northern Main Ethiopian Rift concentrated on ascertaining characteristic remanence directions of volcanic and sedimentary layers embodied within the Mt.Galili Formation (MGF). Magnetic stratigraphy was applied mainly to support anthropological studies on early hominid evolution. The new paleomagnetic results provided implications for stratigraphic age determinations of the MGF, and they also support arguments for rift-related tectonics as block rotation and tilting relative to the stable African crust since the Pliocene. Based on 497 paleomagnetic samples, we applied magnetic stratigraphy on magmatic and sedimentary rocks to determine the 40 39 age of the MGF and correlated the results with published Ar/ Ar age data on tuff and ignimbrite layers which range from ca. 5.4 Ma to ca. 2.3 Ma, consistent with biostratigraphic age constraints. Nine magnetic polarity intervals of the Gilbert zone were identified within the lower four members of the MGF covering a time span from 5.37 to 3.58 Ma. The upper two members of the MGF comprised three polarity intervals assigned to the upper Gauss and lower Matuyama polarity zones. In combination with an 40 39 Ar/ Ar age of 2.35 Ma, located in the middle of the section, we infer that ca. 0.5 Ma and four polarity intervals are missing between the MGF’s lower and upper members. We attribute this significant depositional gap to uplift of the region due to the intrusion of basalt magma, associated with deposition of the Upper Shabeley Laag Member. Extensional rift tectonic processes were intimately affiliated with magmatic activity and generation of rapidly changing sedimentary environments of the MGF`s deposits, but the bulk of the observed tectonic features resulted from post-depositional tectonic overprint, when the re-orientated Wonji Fault System affected the Mt.Galili area in the Quaternary period, thereby creating new internal rift (in older rift) structures. Tectonic movements of MGF`s strata were deduced from our analysed characteristic remanent magnetisation (ChRM) directions compared with Pliocene reference data. The investigation revealed almost unchanged orientation of the ChRM-directions for the marginal internal rift zone in the East of the Mt.Galili area, but moderate counterclockwise rotation for the central internal rift zone in the West. The North of the Mt.Galili area suffered moderate clockwise rotation, probably due to the Mt.Galili area`s regional position, adjoining a transfer zone between the Quaternary Angele and Addo-Do magmatic segments. ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna xxx xxx DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2017.0018 2017 Volume 110/2
{"title":"Paleomagnetic constraints on stratigraphy and rift-related tectonics of Pliocene and Early Pleistocene volcano-sedimentary strata: the Mt. Galili hominid research area, Southern Afar Depression, Ethiopia","authors":"F. Popp, R. Scholger","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Our paleomagnetic investigations in the Northern Main Ethiopian Rift concentrated on ascertaining characteristic remanence directions of volcanic and sedimentary layers embodied within the Mt.Galili Formation (MGF). Magnetic stratigraphy was applied mainly to support anthropological studies on early hominid evolution. The new paleomagnetic results provided implications for stratigraphic age determinations of the MGF, and they also support arguments for rift-related tectonics as block rotation and tilting relative to the stable African crust since the Pliocene. Based on 497 paleomagnetic samples, we applied magnetic stratigraphy on magmatic and sedimentary rocks to determine the 40 39 age of the MGF and correlated the results with published Ar/ Ar age data on tuff and ignimbrite layers which range from ca. 5.4 Ma to ca. 2.3 Ma, consistent with biostratigraphic age constraints. Nine magnetic polarity intervals of the Gilbert zone were identified within the lower four members of the MGF covering a time span from 5.37 to 3.58 Ma. The upper two members of the MGF comprised three polarity intervals assigned to the upper Gauss and lower Matuyama polarity zones. In combination with an 40 39 Ar/ Ar age of 2.35 Ma, located in the middle of the section, we infer that ca. 0.5 Ma and four polarity intervals are missing between the MGF’s lower and upper members. We attribute this significant depositional gap to uplift of the region due to the intrusion of basalt magma, associated with deposition of the Upper Shabeley Laag Member. Extensional rift tectonic processes were intimately affiliated with magmatic activity and generation of rapidly changing sedimentary environments of the MGF`s deposits, but the bulk of the observed tectonic features resulted from post-depositional tectonic overprint, when the re-orientated Wonji Fault System affected the Mt.Galili area in the Quaternary period, thereby creating new internal rift (in older rift) structures. Tectonic movements of MGF`s strata were deduced from our analysed characteristic remanent magnetisation (ChRM) directions compared with Pliocene reference data. The investigation revealed almost unchanged orientation of the ChRM-directions for the marginal internal rift zone in the East of the Mt.Galili area, but moderate counterclockwise rotation for the central internal rift zone in the West. The North of the Mt.Galili area suffered moderate clockwise rotation, probably due to the Mt.Galili area`s regional position, adjoining a transfer zone between the Quaternary Angele and Addo-Do magmatic segments. ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna xxx xxx DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2017.0018 2017 Volume 110/2","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rock glaciers are distinct landforms in high mountain environments indicating present or past permafrost conditions. Active rock glaciers contain permafrost and creep slowly downslope often forming typical flow structures with ridges and furrows related to compressional forces. Rock glaciers are widespread landforms in the Austrian Alps (c. 4600). Despite the high number of rock glaciers in Austria, only few of them have been studied in detail in the past. One of the best studied ones is the 950 m long Dösen Rock Glacier located in the Hohe Tauern Range. This rock glacier has been investigated since 1993 using a whole suite of fieldbased and remote sensing-based methods. Research focused on permafrost conditions and distribution, surface kinematics, internal structure and possible age of the landform. Results indicate significant ground surface warming of the rock glacier body during the period 2007-2015 accompanied by a general acceleration of the rock glacier surface flow velocity (max. 0.66 m/a) over the last two decades. This speed-up is possibly related to higher ice temperature and water content. As judged from various geophysical measurements, the maximum thickness of the rock glacier is about 30-40 m with an active layer of several meters depending on the location. The permafrost thickness beneath the active layer was quantified to be between 10 m (at the margins) and 40 m (at the central and upper parts). Massive sedimentary ice has not been observed or detected by geophysics so far at the central and lower part but might exist to in the rooting zone of the rock glacier as indicated from field evidences. The Dösen Rock Glacier is primarily a talus-derived rock glacier although a small glacier might have existed some times in the past in the eastern part of the rooting zone. Age estimations of the rock glacier by using the Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating method indicate a formation period of several thousand years with alternating periods of faster and slower evolution. Research findings at this typical alpine rock glacier in the Austrian Alps clearly point out that the morphogenesis, the internal structure as well as the climaterock glacier relationship is complex but typical for such peculiar alpine landforms.________________________________________ Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna xxx xxx DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2017.0013 The Dösen Rock Glacier in Central Austria: A key site for multidisciplinary long-term rock glacier monitoring in the Eastern Alps_________________ 1)*) 1) 2) Andreas KELLERER-PIRKLBAUER , Gerhard Karl LIEB , & Viktor KAUFMANN 1) Department of Geography and Regional Science, Working Group Alpine Landscape Dynamics (ALADYN), University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 36, 8010 Graz, Austria; 2) Institute of Geodesy, Working Group Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 30, 8010 Graz, Austria; *) Corresponding author, andreas.kellerer@uni-graz.at rock glacier; monitoring; flow veloci
岩石冰川是高山环境中独特的地貌，表明现在或过去的永久冻土条件。活跃的岩石冰川包含永久冻土，缓慢下坡，经常形成典型的流动结构，与压缩力有关的脊和沟。岩石冰川是奥地利阿尔卑斯山脉广泛存在的地貌(约4600年)。尽管奥地利有大量的岩石冰川，但过去对其中的一些进行了详细的研究。其中一个研究得最好的是位于Hohe Tauern山脉的950米长的Dösen岩石冰川。自1993年以来，这个岩石冰川一直在使用一整套基于实地和基于遥感的方法进行调查。研究重点是冻土条件和分布、地表运动学、内部结构和地形的可能年龄。结果表明，2007-2015年期间，岩石冰川地表明显变暖，同时岩石冰川地表流速普遍加快(最大。0.66米/年)。这种加速可能与更高的冰温和水含量有关。根据各种地球物理测量结果判断，岩石冰川的最大厚度约为30-40 m，根据位置的不同，有几米的活动层。活动性层下的永久冻土厚度在10 m(边缘)和40 m(中部和上部)之间。到目前为止，地球物理尚未在中部和下部观测到大块沉积冰，但从野外证据来看，在岩石冰川的生根区可能存在大块沉积冰。Dösen岩石冰川主要为距骨型岩石冰川，但在生根带东部可能曾有过小型冰川。采用Schmidt-hammer暴露年龄测年法对岩石冰川进行的年龄估计表明，岩石冰川的形成期为几千年，并交替出现较快和较慢的演化期。奥地利阿尔卑斯山脉典型高山岩石冰川的研究结果清楚地表明，对于这种特殊的高山地貌，其形态发生、内部结构以及气候-岩石-冰川关系是复杂而典型的。________________________________________奥地利地球科学杂志维也纳xxx xxx DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2017.0013 Dösen奥地利中部岩石冰川:东阿尔卑斯山多学科岩石冰川长期监测重点站点_________________ 1)*)1)2)Andreas KELLERER-PIRKLBAUER, Gerhard Karl LIEB， & Viktor KAUFMANN 1)格拉茨大学地理与区域科学系，高山景观动力学工作组(ALADYN)，奥地利格拉茨，Heinrichstrasse 36, 8010;2)格拉茨理工大学遥感与摄影测量工作组大地测量研究所，奥地利格拉茨Steyrergasse 30,8010;*)通讯作者，andreas.kellerer@uni-graz.at岩石冰川;监控;流速;地球物理学;地面温度;身上谷
{"title":"The Dösen Rock Glacier in Central Austria: A key site for multidisciplinary long-term rock glacier monitoring in the Eastern Alps","authors":"A. Kellerer‐Pirklbauer, G. Lieb, V. Kaufmann","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Rock glaciers are distinct landforms in high mountain environments indicating present or past permafrost conditions. Active rock glaciers contain permafrost and creep slowly downslope often forming typical flow structures with ridges and furrows related to compressional forces. Rock glaciers are widespread landforms in the Austrian Alps (c. 4600). Despite the high number of rock glaciers in Austria, only few of them have been studied in detail in the past. One of the best studied ones is the 950 m long Dösen Rock Glacier located in the Hohe Tauern Range. This rock glacier has been investigated since 1993 using a whole suite of fieldbased and remote sensing-based methods. Research focused on permafrost conditions and distribution, surface kinematics, internal structure and possible age of the landform. Results indicate significant ground surface warming of the rock glacier body during the period 2007-2015 accompanied by a general acceleration of the rock glacier surface flow velocity (max. 0.66 m/a) over the last two decades. This speed-up is possibly related to higher ice temperature and water content. As judged from various geophysical measurements, the maximum thickness of the rock glacier is about 30-40 m with an active layer of several meters depending on the location. The permafrost thickness beneath the active layer was quantified to be between 10 m (at the margins) and 40 m (at the central and upper parts). Massive sedimentary ice has not been observed or detected by geophysics so far at the central and lower part but might exist to in the rooting zone of the rock glacier as indicated from field evidences. The Dösen Rock Glacier is primarily a talus-derived rock glacier although a small glacier might have existed some times in the past in the eastern part of the rooting zone. Age estimations of the rock glacier by using the Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating method indicate a formation period of several thousand years with alternating periods of faster and slower evolution. Research findings at this typical alpine rock glacier in the Austrian Alps clearly point out that the morphogenesis, the internal structure as well as the climaterock glacier relationship is complex but typical for such peculiar alpine landforms.________________________________________ Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna xxx xxx DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2017.0013 The Dösen Rock Glacier in Central Austria: A key site for multidisciplinary long-term rock glacier monitoring in the Eastern Alps_________________ 1)*) 1) 2) Andreas KELLERER-PIRKLBAUER , Gerhard Karl LIEB , & Viktor KAUFMANN 1) Department of Geography and Regional Science, Working Group Alpine Landscape Dynamics (ALADYN), University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 36, 8010 Graz, Austria; 2) Institute of Geodesy, Working Group Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 30, 8010 Graz, Austria; *) Corresponding author, andreas.kellerer@uni-graz.at rock glacier; monitoring; flow veloci","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial and temporal analysis of recent seismicity in different parts of the Vlora-Lushnja-Elbasani-Dibra Transversal Fault Zone, Albania","authors":"R. Ormeni, S. Öztürk, A. Fundo, K. Celik","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Availability, dynamics and chemistry of groundwater in the Bucklige Welt region of Lower Austria","authors":"S. Pfleiderer, H. Reitner, A. Leis","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Thies, U. Nickus, R. Tessadri, P. Tropper, K. Krainer
Peculiar coatings rich in arsenic, copper, nickel, uranium, and yttrium were found to cover stones in a high mountain stream downstream of the confluence of small acidic tributaries, which emerge at the front of the Krummgampen rock glacier (Ötztal Alps, Tyrol, Austria). The hard mineral coatings are characterized by a white color, a x-ray amorphous structure and showed properties of hydrous aluminium silicates like allophane (Al O (SiO ) x n H O) and/or imogolite (Al SiO (OH) ). Main constituents of 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 4 the coatings are aluminium, silica, and sulfur. Contrary to high concentrations of arsenic, copper, nickel, uranium, and yttrium in the stream stone coatings, corresponding element values are below the limit of detection both in the Krummgampen stream and except for nickel and traces of copper – also in acidic outflows from the rock glacier. Stone coatings are neither present in rock glacier outflows nor in the Krummgampen stream upstream of the rock glacier, nor in other streams in the catchment. The coatings are interpreted as a precipitate on or an accretion to stone surfaces in the Krummgampen stream, which is characterized by moderate solute concentrations and a neutral pH. In acidic outflows of the rock glacier high concentrations of dissolved sulfate, calcium, magnesium, silica, aluminium, manganese, and nickel prevail. Some constituents of stream stone coatings like arsenic, copper, nickel, uranium, and yttrium have also been measured in paragneiss rocks in the catchment of the rock glacier which are characterized by heavily weathered accessory minerals monazite, xenotime, and pyrite. It is therefore very likely that minerals which occur in the bedrock of the catchment represent a major source for elements accumulated in stream stone coatings even though processes like element release from the ice-rock matrix in the rock glacier, transport to and accumulation on Krummgampen stream stone surfaces are not yet completely understood.____________________________________________________
在Krummgampen岩石冰川(Ötztal阿尔卑斯山脉，奥地利蒂罗尔)前面的小酸性支流汇合的下游，发现了一种富含砷、铜、镍、铀和钇的特殊涂层，覆盖在高山流中的石头上。硬矿物涂层的特征是白色，x射线无定形结构，并表现出水合硅酸铝(Al O (SiO) x n h2o)和/或铁长石(Al SiO (OH))的性质。涂层的主要成分是铝、二氧化硅和硫。与河流岩石涂层中砷、铜、镍、铀和钇的高浓度相反，除了镍和微量铜——也在岩石冰川的酸性流出物中——在Krummgampen河流中，相应的元素值都低于检测极限。在岩石冰川流出物中，在岩石冰川上游的Krummgampen溪流中，以及在集水区的其他溪流中，都不存在石头涂层。这些涂层被解释为Krummgampen溪流中岩石表面的沉淀或沉积，其特征是中等溶质浓度和中性ph值。在岩石冰川的酸性流出物中，溶解的高浓度硫酸盐、钙、镁、二氧化硅、铝、锰和镍普遍存在。在岩石冰川集水区的副长岩中，还测量了河流石涂层的一些成分，如砷、铜、镍、铀和钇，这些岩石冰川集水区的副长岩以风化严重的辅助矿物独居石、xenotime和黄铁矿为特征。因此，很有可能出现在集水区基岩中的矿物代表了流石涂层中积累元素的主要来源，尽管岩石冰川中冰岩基质中的元素释放，运输到Krummgampen流石表面并在其上积累等过程尚未完全了解。____________________________________________________
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