Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the characters of the reduced shell of the false limpets of the genus Siphonaria Sowerby I, 1823 are highly variable and often insufficient for species delimitation. The taxonomy and distribution of Siphonaria in the Indian Ocean are poorly known. We sampled Siphonaria in the Seychelles Bank to check the occurrence of recorded species using DNA sequences and to study the paths through which Siphonaria species have colonised the Seychelles Bank by reconstructing their phylogenetic relationships. Analyses of a dataset comprising 16 S rRNA gene sequences of 33 specimens from the Seychelles Bank and 300 additional Siphonaria sequences from other regions from GenBank with various methods for species delimitation resulted in 19–102 primary species hypotheses. Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning provided a conservative estimate of the species number (42) in which several indisputable species were lumped. The results of Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery depended strongly on the assumed prior maximum intraspecific divergence, whereas the tree‐based methods Generalised Mixed Yule Coalescent and Poisson Tree Processes resulted in high overestimates. The specimens from the Seychelles Bank represent three clades, belonging to the Siphonaria ‘atra’ group, the Siphonaria ‘normalis’ group and a possibly undescribed species recorded previously only from Hainan. At least two of the three species recorded from the Seychelles Bank came from the east, i.e., from the Coral Triangle in the Indo‐Australian Archipelago, the region with the highest marine biodiversity worldwide. A major transport mechanism across the Indian Ocean was probably the South Equatorial Current.
{"title":"Diversity of Siphonaria Sowerby I, 1823 (Gastropoda, Siphonariidae) in the Seychelles Bank and beyond","authors":"Holger Ossenbrügger, M. Neiber, B. Hausdorf","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12578","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the characters of the reduced shell of the false limpets of the genus Siphonaria Sowerby I, 1823 are highly variable and often insufficient for species delimitation. The taxonomy and distribution of Siphonaria in the Indian Ocean are poorly known. We sampled Siphonaria in the Seychelles Bank to check the occurrence of recorded species using DNA sequences and to study the paths through which Siphonaria species have colonised the Seychelles Bank by reconstructing their phylogenetic relationships. Analyses of a dataset comprising 16 S rRNA gene sequences of 33 specimens from the Seychelles Bank and 300 additional Siphonaria sequences from other regions from GenBank with various methods for species delimitation resulted in 19–102 primary species hypotheses. Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning provided a conservative estimate of the species number (42) in which several indisputable species were lumped. The results of Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery depended strongly on the assumed prior maximum intraspecific divergence, whereas the tree‐based methods Generalised Mixed Yule Coalescent and Poisson Tree Processes resulted in high overestimates. The specimens from the Seychelles Bank represent three clades, belonging to the Siphonaria ‘atra’ group, the Siphonaria ‘normalis’ group and a possibly undescribed species recorded previously only from Hainan. At least two of the three species recorded from the Seychelles Bank came from the east, i.e., from the Coral Triangle in the Indo‐Australian Archipelago, the region with the highest marine biodiversity worldwide. A major transport mechanism across the Indian Ocean was probably the South Equatorial Current.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"52 1","pages":"31 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46979218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ophiuroidea is the most speciose of all classes of Echinoderma. It is an important component in benthic ecosystems, occurring in almost all ecological niches of modern seas. To date, the phylogeny and complete evolutionary history of the ophiuroids have not yet been fully resolved. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) exigua and two deep‐sea species Histampica sp. CS049 and Ophioplinthaca sp. M5261. These two deep‐sea ophiuroids displayed reversed strand‐compositional bias and rearranged gene orders. Thirteen distinct patterns of mitochondrial gene order among ophiuroid mitogenomes were detected, with two gene order newly found in Ophiuroidea. Our data supported the gene order found in all sampled Ophiuridae as the most likely ancestral order of all Ophiuroidea. To improve phylogenetic accuracy based on nucleotide differences, two different criteria were used for the analyses: (i) nucleotide sequence from all codon positions (PCG123); (ii) the NTE method (“Neutral Transitions Excluded”) for ameliorating the misleading effects of a reverse strand bias in the data. The two methods confirmed the polyphyly of the orders Ophiacanthida and Amphilepidia. At family and genus level, Ophiuridae, Ophionotus and Ophioplinthus were not monophyletic. The most notable exception was that the NTE phylogeny showed low variation of branch length. NTE dataset generated younger age for most lower‐level nodes than that from PCG123 dataset. All analyses suggested that the ophiuroids radiation occurred around the Permian–Triassic mass extinction event, and the divergence time of the deep‐sea lineages was during the Cretaceous.
{"title":"Mitogenomes provide insights into the phylogeny and evolution of brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea)","authors":"Shao'e Sun, N. Xiao, Z. Sha","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12576","url":null,"abstract":"Ophiuroidea is the most speciose of all classes of Echinoderma. It is an important component in benthic ecosystems, occurring in almost all ecological niches of modern seas. To date, the phylogeny and complete evolutionary history of the ophiuroids have not yet been fully resolved. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) exigua and two deep‐sea species Histampica sp. CS049 and Ophioplinthaca sp. M5261. These two deep‐sea ophiuroids displayed reversed strand‐compositional bias and rearranged gene orders. Thirteen distinct patterns of mitochondrial gene order among ophiuroid mitogenomes were detected, with two gene order newly found in Ophiuroidea. Our data supported the gene order found in all sampled Ophiuridae as the most likely ancestral order of all Ophiuroidea. To improve phylogenetic accuracy based on nucleotide differences, two different criteria were used for the analyses: (i) nucleotide sequence from all codon positions (PCG123); (ii) the NTE method (“Neutral Transitions Excluded”) for ameliorating the misleading effects of a reverse strand bias in the data. The two methods confirmed the polyphyly of the orders Ophiacanthida and Amphilepidia. At family and genus level, Ophiuridae, Ophionotus and Ophioplinthus were not monophyletic. The most notable exception was that the NTE phylogeny showed low variation of branch length. NTE dataset generated younger age for most lower‐level nodes than that from PCG123 dataset. All analyses suggested that the ophiuroids radiation occurred around the Permian–Triassic mass extinction event, and the divergence time of the deep‐sea lineages was during the Cretaceous.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"52 1","pages":"17 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44013090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuxia Yang, Ya Kang, Junbo Tong, X. Ge, Xingke Yang, Haoyu Liu
The Cephalomalthinus semifumatus species group, referred to as the “semifumatus” group henceforth, is interesting because of its heterogeneous morphology resembling either Cephalomalthinus Pic, 1921 or Rhagonycha Eschscholtz, 1830. To elucidate its phylogenetic status, mitochondrial genomes of four species of the “semifumatus” group, 11 Cephalomalthinus species, and 11 Rhagonycha species were sequenced and examined. All analysed mitogenomes were similar with respect to genome size, nucleotide composition, and AT content. Surprisingly, a rearrangement of the trnW‐trnC and trnY genes was detected in the “semifumatus” group, presumably caused by tandem duplication and random loss events. Furthermore, genetic distance analyses showed that the proximity of the “semifumatus” group to Cephalomalthinus and to Rhagonycha was comparable to that between the latter two. Moreover, the produced phylogeny strongly supported the monophyly of the “semifumatus” group, and molecular clock analyses dated its divergence from Cephalomalthinus to 32.52 Ma. Thus, the new genus Amphimorphus gen. nov. is suggested to comprise the “semifumatus” group, in which the observed gene rearrangement was a synapomorphy. Moreover, morphological evidence regarding the unique structure of the aedeagus supported this separation. These results indicate that mitochondrial gene rearrangement provide important phylogenetic implications for revising Cephalomalthinus, a speciose genus that is puzzling in the morphology‐based taxonomy.
{"title":"Mitochondrial gene rearrangements suggest a new genus in the subfamily Cantharinae (Coleoptera)","authors":"Yuxia Yang, Ya Kang, Junbo Tong, X. Ge, Xingke Yang, Haoyu Liu","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12572","url":null,"abstract":"The Cephalomalthinus semifumatus species group, referred to as the “semifumatus” group henceforth, is interesting because of its heterogeneous morphology resembling either Cephalomalthinus Pic, 1921 or Rhagonycha Eschscholtz, 1830. To elucidate its phylogenetic status, mitochondrial genomes of four species of the “semifumatus” group, 11 Cephalomalthinus species, and 11 Rhagonycha species were sequenced and examined. All analysed mitogenomes were similar with respect to genome size, nucleotide composition, and AT content. Surprisingly, a rearrangement of the trnW‐trnC and trnY genes was detected in the “semifumatus” group, presumably caused by tandem duplication and random loss events. Furthermore, genetic distance analyses showed that the proximity of the “semifumatus” group to Cephalomalthinus and to Rhagonycha was comparable to that between the latter two. Moreover, the produced phylogeny strongly supported the monophyly of the “semifumatus” group, and molecular clock analyses dated its divergence from Cephalomalthinus to 32.52 Ma. Thus, the new genus Amphimorphus gen. nov. is suggested to comprise the “semifumatus” group, in which the observed gene rearrangement was a synapomorphy. Moreover, morphological evidence regarding the unique structure of the aedeagus supported this separation. These results indicate that mitochondrial gene rearrangement provide important phylogenetic implications for revising Cephalomalthinus, a speciose genus that is puzzling in the morphology‐based taxonomy.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"52 1","pages":"86 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48480023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gonçalo J. Costa, Vera L. Nunes, E. Marabuto, Raquel Mendes, Diogo N Silva, P. Pons, J. M. Bas, Thomas Hertach, O. Paulo, P. Simões
The current distribution patterns of many Mediterranean species are often a consequence of large and impactful past geoclimatic events, such as the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) and the Quaternary glacial cycles. Cicadas are flying insects with poor dispersal ability, which have experienced intense local differentiation in the Mediterranean, where the genus Tettigettalna has surfaced as a biogeographic model. The genus includes 10 species with species‐specific calling songs but identical morphology. All Tettigettalna species are restricted to Southern Iberia, with the exception of T. estrellae (northwest Iberia), the widespread T. argentata (mainly Iberia, France and Italy), and T. afroamissa (Morocco). With an expanded genetic dataset involving nuclear (EF1α) and mitochondrial (5′ and 3′ COI and ATP) loci, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the genus and estimated divergence dates for Tettigettalna species under a Bayesian framework. Phylogeny with the new mitochondrial dataset was in agreement with previous studies, whereas the nuclear EF1α supported T. josei and T. afroamissa as monophyletic clades but lacked resolution to resolve the remaining taxa. Some sister taxa share mitochondrial haplotypes, hinting for incomplete lineage sorting. Estimates of divergence time settled T. josei as the earliest diverging lineage, likely as a pre‐ or early‐MSC event. As for the origin of T. afroamissa in Morocco, though time estimates could not entirely rule out post‐MSC dispersal, the most likely scenario points to isolation of African Tettigettalna after the reopening of the strait of Gibraltar. The Pleistocene glaciations that followed likely impacted on the diversification of the remaining species of the genus in southern Iberia refugia.
{"title":"The effect of the Messinian salinity crisis on the early diversification of the Tettigettalna cicadas","authors":"Gonçalo J. Costa, Vera L. Nunes, E. Marabuto, Raquel Mendes, Diogo N Silva, P. Pons, J. M. Bas, Thomas Hertach, O. Paulo, P. Simões","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12571","url":null,"abstract":"The current distribution patterns of many Mediterranean species are often a consequence of large and impactful past geoclimatic events, such as the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) and the Quaternary glacial cycles. Cicadas are flying insects with poor dispersal ability, which have experienced intense local differentiation in the Mediterranean, where the genus Tettigettalna has surfaced as a biogeographic model. The genus includes 10 species with species‐specific calling songs but identical morphology. All Tettigettalna species are restricted to Southern Iberia, with the exception of T. estrellae (northwest Iberia), the widespread T. argentata (mainly Iberia, France and Italy), and T. afroamissa (Morocco). With an expanded genetic dataset involving nuclear (EF1α) and mitochondrial (5′ and 3′ COI and ATP) loci, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the genus and estimated divergence dates for Tettigettalna species under a Bayesian framework. Phylogeny with the new mitochondrial dataset was in agreement with previous studies, whereas the nuclear EF1α supported T. josei and T. afroamissa as monophyletic clades but lacked resolution to resolve the remaining taxa. Some sister taxa share mitochondrial haplotypes, hinting for incomplete lineage sorting. Estimates of divergence time settled T. josei as the earliest diverging lineage, likely as a pre‐ or early‐MSC event. As for the origin of T. afroamissa in Morocco, though time estimates could not entirely rule out post‐MSC dispersal, the most likely scenario points to isolation of African Tettigettalna after the reopening of the strait of Gibraltar. The Pleistocene glaciations that followed likely impacted on the diversification of the remaining species of the genus in southern Iberia refugia.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"52 1","pages":"100 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44900412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Karpiński, Patrick Gorring, J. Hilszczański, W. Szczepański, R. Plewa, K. Łoś, A. Cognato
Hybridisation can lead to the formation of new evolutionary lineages and some described insect species may in fact be first‐generation hybrids of their parental species. Anoplistes forticornis and A. galusoi are two closely related cerambycid taxa endemic to Central Asia that exhibit a peculiar geographical distribution. Although the common diagnostic elytral pattern makes these beetles superficially easily distinguishable, there are marked resemblances in their morphology. By applying an integrative taxonomy approach, we verify the taxonomic status of A. forticornis and A. galusoi and test the possibility of hybridisation. The results of our comprehensive morphological examination and molecular analyses targeting mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA) and nuclear (arginine kinase, CAD, 28S rRNA) genes support the specific status of these taxa. In mtDNA, the putative hybrid specimen is more closely related to A. forticornis, which indicates that a female of this species bred with a male of A. galusoi. The supposed ecotypic variability (manifested in elytral pattern) is apparently not related to the topography or spatial structure of habitat. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports a peripatric scenario in which populations of the common ancestor had been separated for a significant period of time, first by the mountain ranges of Dzungarian Alatau (~11–10 Ma) and ultimately by the Ili River. The diverged taxa came into recent secondary contact following these isolation events. The methodology presented herein can be widely applied to identify first‐generation hybridisation in Coleoptera.
{"title":"Integrative taxonomy tests possible hybridisation between Central Asian cerambycids (Coleoptera)","authors":"L. Karpiński, Patrick Gorring, J. Hilszczański, W. Szczepański, R. Plewa, K. Łoś, A. Cognato","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12570","url":null,"abstract":"Hybridisation can lead to the formation of new evolutionary lineages and some described insect species may in fact be first‐generation hybrids of their parental species. Anoplistes forticornis and A. galusoi are two closely related cerambycid taxa endemic to Central Asia that exhibit a peculiar geographical distribution. Although the common diagnostic elytral pattern makes these beetles superficially easily distinguishable, there are marked resemblances in their morphology. By applying an integrative taxonomy approach, we verify the taxonomic status of A. forticornis and A. galusoi and test the possibility of hybridisation. The results of our comprehensive morphological examination and molecular analyses targeting mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA) and nuclear (arginine kinase, CAD, 28S rRNA) genes support the specific status of these taxa. In mtDNA, the putative hybrid specimen is more closely related to A. forticornis, which indicates that a female of this species bred with a male of A. galusoi. The supposed ecotypic variability (manifested in elytral pattern) is apparently not related to the topography or spatial structure of habitat. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports a peripatric scenario in which populations of the common ancestor had been separated for a significant period of time, first by the mountain ranges of Dzungarian Alatau (~11–10 Ma) and ultimately by the Ili River. The diverged taxa came into recent secondary contact following these isolation events. The methodology presented herein can be widely applied to identify first‐generation hybridisation in Coleoptera.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"52 1","pages":"70 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49546948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elize Y. X. Ng, Siqi Li, Dezhi Zhang, Kritika M. Garg, G. Song, Jonathan Martinez, Le Manh Hung, V. Tu, J. Fuchs, Lu Dong, Urban Olsson, Yuan Huang, P. Alström, F. Rheindt, F. Lei
Morphology has been a leading taxonomic guiding light to systematists for the last couple of hundred years. However, the genetic and – more recently – genomic revolution have produced numerous demonstrations of erroneous classifications that were based on labile morphological traits. We used thousands of genome‐wide markers to shed light on evolutionary dynamics in a confusing and taxonomically obscure group of Asian Cyornis flycatchers. Using genomic data, we corroborated recent findings based on three mitochrondrial and five nuclear genes that the two taxa hainanus and klossi which were previously treated as separate species (Cyornis hainanus and Cyornis rubeculoides klossi, respectively) are genomically homogeneous and form a single species, C. hainanus. We also uncovered a novel case of interbreeding between C. hainanus and a non‐sister species, C. glaucicomans, illustrating these flycatchers' ability to hybridise in marginal situations even after substantial times of divergence. Our study illustrates how genome‐wide loci can shed light on complicated taxonomic problems, resulting in a better integration of phenotypic and genotypic data.
{"title":"Genome‐wide SNPs confirm plumage polymorphism and hybridisation within a Cyornis flycatcher species complex","authors":"Elize Y. X. Ng, Siqi Li, Dezhi Zhang, Kritika M. Garg, G. Song, Jonathan Martinez, Le Manh Hung, V. Tu, J. Fuchs, Lu Dong, Urban Olsson, Yuan Huang, P. Alström, F. Rheindt, F. Lei","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12568","url":null,"abstract":"Morphology has been a leading taxonomic guiding light to systematists for the last couple of hundred years. However, the genetic and – more recently – genomic revolution have produced numerous demonstrations of erroneous classifications that were based on labile morphological traits. We used thousands of genome‐wide markers to shed light on evolutionary dynamics in a confusing and taxonomically obscure group of Asian Cyornis flycatchers. Using genomic data, we corroborated recent findings based on three mitochrondrial and five nuclear genes that the two taxa hainanus and klossi which were previously treated as separate species (Cyornis hainanus and Cyornis rubeculoides klossi, respectively) are genomically homogeneous and form a single species, C. hainanus. We also uncovered a novel case of interbreeding between C. hainanus and a non‐sister species, C. glaucicomans, illustrating these flycatchers' ability to hybridise in marginal situations even after substantial times of divergence. Our study illustrates how genome‐wide loci can shed light on complicated taxonomic problems, resulting in a better integration of phenotypic and genotypic data.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"52 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45767551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Only three saproxylic species of Pyrochroinae (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae) are distributed in Europe, two of which belonging to Pyrochroa: P. coccinea and P. serraticornis. However, P. serraticornis is polytypic, for the presence of the endemic subspecies P. s. kiesenwetteri in southern Italy. Using both molecular and morphological data, we explored the phylogeny of the European Pyrochroa species. A multilocus (COI, CAD, 28S) phylogenetic analysis helped highlight different evolutionary histories for the two examined species. First, P. coccinea, distributed throughout Europe, showed a high differentiation among Italian and European populations. Furthermore, three different taxonomic entities were identified within P. serraticornis, among which the cryptic species Pyrochroa bifoveata sp. n. from central Europe is described and illustrated. A comprehensive identification key to the European Pyrochroinae is also provided. Our results also suggested an historical survival of P. coccinea and P. s. kiesenwetteri in glacial refugia in Italy, and a subsequent post‐glacial spread of the former species throughout the Peninsula. In contrast, the current distribution of P. s. serraticornis likely originated from a post‐glacial colonization of western European relict populations, while the survival of P. bifoveata plausibly occurred in more eastern glacial refugia (e.g. Carpathian or Balkan regions). Similarly, the European populations of P. coccinea could have originated from relict populations in glacial refugia out from the Italian Peninsula. More comprehensive data on the taxonomy, ecology and biogeography of Pyrochroa are needed to learn more about these species and to help preserve the European saproxylic fauna.
{"title":"Phylogeny of European Pyrochroa (Coleoptera, Pyrochroidae) reveals cryptic taxa and different glacial histories","authors":"M. Molfini, E. Mancini, M. Bologna","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12569","url":null,"abstract":"Only three saproxylic species of Pyrochroinae (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae) are distributed in Europe, two of which belonging to Pyrochroa: P. coccinea and P. serraticornis. However, P. serraticornis is polytypic, for the presence of the endemic subspecies P. s. kiesenwetteri in southern Italy. Using both molecular and morphological data, we explored the phylogeny of the European Pyrochroa species. A multilocus (COI, CAD, 28S) phylogenetic analysis helped highlight different evolutionary histories for the two examined species. First, P. coccinea, distributed throughout Europe, showed a high differentiation among Italian and European populations. Furthermore, three different taxonomic entities were identified within P. serraticornis, among which the cryptic species Pyrochroa bifoveata sp. n. from central Europe is described and illustrated. A comprehensive identification key to the European Pyrochroinae is also provided. Our results also suggested an historical survival of P. coccinea and P. s. kiesenwetteri in glacial refugia in Italy, and a subsequent post‐glacial spread of the former species throughout the Peninsula. In contrast, the current distribution of P. s. serraticornis likely originated from a post‐glacial colonization of western European relict populations, while the survival of P. bifoveata plausibly occurred in more eastern glacial refugia (e.g. Carpathian or Balkan regions). Similarly, the European populations of P. coccinea could have originated from relict populations in glacial refugia out from the Italian Peninsula. More comprehensive data on the taxonomy, ecology and biogeography of Pyrochroa are needed to learn more about these species and to help preserve the European saproxylic fauna.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"52 1","pages":"58 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42235597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neritidae is a species‐rich family with substantial interspecific morphological and ecological diversities. The current classification of Neritidae is controversial, particularly regarding the taxonomic position of Smaragdiinae. Although several molecular phylogenetic studies have attempted to clarify the phylogeny of Neritidae, the internal evolutionary relationships have not been completely resolved due to limited sampling. We recently sequenced eight mitochondrial genomes of Neritidae, reassembled five previously published transcriptome data, and reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny for Neritidae with mitochondrial genome (13 protein‐coding genes) datasets of up to 23 species. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference indicated that the Neritidae were divided into two monophyletic groups, Neritinae and Neritininae, with strong support. A representative of Smaragdiinae, Smaragdia rangiana, was found to nest within Neritininae. Within Neritininae, the monophyly of Clithon and Neritina has not been recovered. Ancestral state reconstruction indicated that the most recent common ancestor of the Neritidae was a smooth shell. Our results imply at least two transitions from marine to brackish habitats within Neritidae.
{"title":"Improved phylogenetic resolution within Neritidae (Gastropoda, Nertimorpha) with implications for the evolution of shell traits and habitat","authors":"Lu Qi, Biyang Xu, L. Kong, Qi Li","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12567","url":null,"abstract":"Neritidae is a species‐rich family with substantial interspecific morphological and ecological diversities. The current classification of Neritidae is controversial, particularly regarding the taxonomic position of Smaragdiinae. Although several molecular phylogenetic studies have attempted to clarify the phylogeny of Neritidae, the internal evolutionary relationships have not been completely resolved due to limited sampling. We recently sequenced eight mitochondrial genomes of Neritidae, reassembled five previously published transcriptome data, and reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny for Neritidae with mitochondrial genome (13 protein‐coding genes) datasets of up to 23 species. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference indicated that the Neritidae were divided into two monophyletic groups, Neritinae and Neritininae, with strong support. A representative of Smaragdiinae, Smaragdia rangiana, was found to nest within Neritininae. Within Neritininae, the monophyly of Clithon and Neritina has not been recovered. Ancestral state reconstruction indicated that the most recent common ancestor of the Neritidae was a smooth shell. Our results imply at least two transitions from marine to brackish habitats within Neritidae.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"52 1","pages":"46 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44340869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Silveira, P. Souto, G. Khattar, D. Takiya, Viviane Nunes, J. R. Mermudes, Ricardo Monteiro, M. Macedo
Understanding the evolution of genitalic traits and their co‐evolution between sexes is at the core of Evolutionary Biology. Cross‐species reproductive trait co‐variation can be the outcome of hybrid avoidance and/or sexual selection. Although the outcome of these two phenomena will look similar, they yield distinct patterns of species co‐occurrence. Partial or complete syntopy—but not allopatry—among species is expected to lead to hybrid avoidance strategies. Conversely, sexual selection is involved in genitalic evolution regardless of co‐occurrence with closely related species. The genus Luciuranus Silveira, Khattar & Mermudes, 2016 includes eight species of fireflies endemic to the Atlantic forest. Among these, five feature species‐specific morphology of the male and female terminalia suggest a clamping mechanism, while the remaining three species have similar terminalia across species. The evolutionary history of Luciuranus and its putative clamping mechanism remains unknown. Furthermore, the female internal morphology, which could provide insight into the biology of these poorly known fireflies, was never studied. Here, we combine morphology (55 characters) and DNA sequences (COI, 16S) and analyse them through probabilistic criteria to provide the first total evidence phylogeny of Luciuranus. We show that the acquisition of the abdominal modifications in Luciuranus was stepwise, becoming increasingly more complex. Moreover, maximum likelihood‐based ancestral state reconstructions show that male terminalia co‐evolved with female abdominal morphology in Luciuranus. Given the total allopatry among species, it is likely that lineage‐specific sexual selection on mating behaviour, instead of hybrid avoidance through natural selection, has shaped the unique abdominal morphologies of Luciuranus species.
{"title":"Unlocking the evolution of abdominal specializations in Luciuranus fireflies (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)","authors":"L. Silveira, P. Souto, G. Khattar, D. Takiya, Viviane Nunes, J. R. Mermudes, Ricardo Monteiro, M. Macedo","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12566","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the evolution of genitalic traits and their co‐evolution between sexes is at the core of Evolutionary Biology. Cross‐species reproductive trait co‐variation can be the outcome of hybrid avoidance and/or sexual selection. Although the outcome of these two phenomena will look similar, they yield distinct patterns of species co‐occurrence. Partial or complete syntopy—but not allopatry—among species is expected to lead to hybrid avoidance strategies. Conversely, sexual selection is involved in genitalic evolution regardless of co‐occurrence with closely related species. The genus Luciuranus Silveira, Khattar & Mermudes, 2016 includes eight species of fireflies endemic to the Atlantic forest. Among these, five feature species‐specific morphology of the male and female terminalia suggest a clamping mechanism, while the remaining three species have similar terminalia across species. The evolutionary history of Luciuranus and its putative clamping mechanism remains unknown. Furthermore, the female internal morphology, which could provide insight into the biology of these poorly known fireflies, was never studied. Here, we combine morphology (55 characters) and DNA sequences (COI, 16S) and analyse them through probabilistic criteria to provide the first total evidence phylogeny of Luciuranus. We show that the acquisition of the abdominal modifications in Luciuranus was stepwise, becoming increasingly more complex. Moreover, maximum likelihood‐based ancestral state reconstructions show that male terminalia co‐evolved with female abdominal morphology in Luciuranus. Given the total allopatry among species, it is likely that lineage‐specific sexual selection on mating behaviour, instead of hybrid avoidance through natural selection, has shaped the unique abdominal morphologies of Luciuranus species.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":"51 1","pages":"708 - 723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42611776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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