Claudia Francesca Vaga, Isabela Galvao de Lossio e Seiblitz, Katia Cristina Cruz Capel, Andrea M. Quattrini, Jaroslaw Stolarski, Stephen D. Cairns, Marcelo Visentini Kitahara
Once considered the most speciose mostly azooxanthellate scleractinian group, the family Caryophylliidae is found to be highly polyphyletic based on molecular data and is undergoing a process of systematic revision. High‐throughput sequencing methods coupled with morphological analyses have facilitated revision of several scleractinian lineages, including the aforementioned family. In previous studies that relied on few mitochondrial and nuclear markers, the caryophylliid genera Stephanocyathus and Vaughanella were phylogenetically recovered in separate clades from the lineage that includes the type genus of the family, Caryophyllia, which is considered the ‘true’ Caryophylliidae. To help untangle the relationship among taxa of this family, here a new deep‐sea scleractinian family (Stephanocyathidae Vaga, Cairns & Kitahara fam. nov.) is proposed based on phylogenomic reconstructions coupled with molecular features, specifically gene order, of the complete mitochondrial genome. Evolutionary reconstructions were based on both mitochondrial and nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and exon loci data sets and confirmed the divergent position of the genera Stephanocyathus and Vaughanella. The new family shows a specific gene transposition in the mitochondrial genome, not present in the ‘true’ caryophylliid lineage, but instead already observed for the species Paraconotrochus antarcticus, recovered as sister taxon of the here proposed new family. Although its phylogenetic position is unknown, the genus Ericiocyathus is also added to the new family, based on macromorphological similarities. This study represents a step forward in our understanding of deep‐sea corals relationships and provide further information (e.g., mitochondrial gene order) that will aid in future efforts of assessing the systematic of caryophylliid lineages.
{"title":"Untangling deep‐sea corals systematics: Description of a new family, Stephanocyathidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia), through a genomic approach","authors":"Claudia Francesca Vaga, Isabela Galvao de Lossio e Seiblitz, Katia Cristina Cruz Capel, Andrea M. Quattrini, Jaroslaw Stolarski, Stephen D. Cairns, Marcelo Visentini Kitahara","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12657","url":null,"abstract":"Once considered the most speciose mostly azooxanthellate scleractinian group, the family Caryophylliidae is found to be highly polyphyletic based on molecular data and is undergoing a process of systematic revision. High‐throughput sequencing methods coupled with morphological analyses have facilitated revision of several scleractinian lineages, including the aforementioned family. In previous studies that relied on few mitochondrial and nuclear markers, the caryophylliid genera <jats:italic>Stephanocyathus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Vaughanella</jats:italic> were phylogenetically recovered in separate clades from the lineage that includes the type genus of the family, <jats:italic>Caryophyllia</jats:italic>, which is considered the ‘true’ Caryophylliidae. To help untangle the relationship among taxa of this family, here a new deep‐sea scleractinian family (Stephanocyathidae Vaga, Cairns & Kitahara fam. nov.) is proposed based on phylogenomic reconstructions coupled with molecular features, specifically gene order, of the complete mitochondrial genome. Evolutionary reconstructions were based on both mitochondrial and nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and exon loci data sets and confirmed the divergent position of the genera <jats:italic>Stephanocyathus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Vaughanella</jats:italic>. The new family shows a specific gene transposition in the mitochondrial genome, not present in the ‘true’ caryophylliid lineage, but instead already observed for the species <jats:italic>Paraconotrochus antarcticus</jats:italic>, recovered as sister taxon of the here proposed new family. Although its phylogenetic position is unknown, the genus <jats:italic>Ericiocyathus</jats:italic> is also added to the new family, based on macromorphological similarities. This study represents a step forward in our understanding of deep‐sea corals relationships and provide further information (e.g., mitochondrial gene order) that will aid in future efforts of assessing the systematic of caryophylliid lineages.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viridiana Lizardo, Federico Escobar, Enrique Martínez‐Meyer, Juan J. Morrone
The Mexican Transition Zone is a biogeographically complex area where old and new lineages of Neotropical and Nearctic affinities overlap. Its biota was assembled by successive dispersal events of cenocrons, which are sets of taxa that dispersed during a given time interval from both North and South America and then diversified in the area. The Mexican Plateau cenocron, with Neotropical affinities, is found in temperate and dry climates in the Nearctic region. We hypothesised that it underwent an adaptive shift in environmental niche. We tested this hypothesis using a phylogenetic comparative framework, measuring phylogenetic signal and fitting to single optima macroevolutionary models, and an Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck macroevolutionary model with multiple optima. We used phylogenetic and distributional information of the tribe Phanaeini to assess whether there exists a distinction in conservatism between the earliest (Mexican Plateau) and most recent (Typical Neotropical) cenocrons within the Mexican Transition Zone (MTZ) as this tribe stands as a classic example of the dispersal and diversification patterns of cenocrons originating in the Neotropics. We identified different shifts in environmental requirements that match the niche description of the Mexican Plateau cenocron, suggesting that it was established through multiple adaptive shifts in the Mexican Transition Zone.
{"title":"Adaptive shifts in Phanaeini dung beetles of the Mexican plateau cenocron in the Mexican transition zone","authors":"Viridiana Lizardo, Federico Escobar, Enrique Martínez‐Meyer, Juan J. Morrone","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12656","url":null,"abstract":"The Mexican Transition Zone is a biogeographically complex area where old and new lineages of Neotropical and Nearctic affinities overlap. Its biota was assembled by successive dispersal events of cenocrons, which are sets of taxa that dispersed during a given time interval from both North and South America and then diversified in the area. The Mexican Plateau cenocron, with Neotropical affinities, is found in temperate and dry climates in the Nearctic region. We hypothesised that it underwent an adaptive shift in environmental niche. We tested this hypothesis using a phylogenetic comparative framework, measuring phylogenetic signal and fitting to single optima macroevolutionary models, and an Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck macroevolutionary model with multiple optima. We used phylogenetic and distributional information of the tribe Phanaeini to assess whether there exists a distinction in conservatism between the earliest (Mexican Plateau) and most recent (Typical Neotropical) cenocrons within the Mexican Transition Zone (MTZ) as this tribe stands as a classic example of the dispersal and diversification patterns of cenocrons originating in the Neotropics. We identified different shifts in environmental requirements that match the niche description of the Mexican Plateau cenocron, suggesting that it was established through multiple adaptive shifts in the Mexican Transition Zone.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140128704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ecological and geographical factors shape the current distribution of species. Analysing their interplay in a phylogenetic framework is key to understand the historical processes that have shaped the evolution of a group. Here, we modelled the ecological niches and geographic distributions of the five species of doraditos (Pseudocolopteryx spp.) to study their biogeographic histories, niche evolution and speciation process in a phylogenetic framework. Our potential distribution models uncovered novel range‐wide distributional patterns and seasonal movements in the doraditos, where four species are migratory with distinct breeding and non‐breeding distributions, and one (P. sclateri) exhibits a complex spatiotemporal distribution indicating nomadism. Ecological niche pairwise comparisons showed that none of the doraditos have equivalent niches and that niche differences are due to species‐specific habitat preferences. Phylogenetically weighted geographical and ecological analyses showed patterns of allopatric speciation and niche lability in the evolution of doraditos. The divergence of P. sclateri seems tied to its tropical‐to‐temperate wetland specialization. The montane P. acutipennis expanded to human‐modified lowlands following speciation, highlighting the need to control for post‐speciational changes in ecological niche comparisons as done here. In turn, P. dinelliana, P. citreola and P. flaviventris showed essentially allopatric breeding distributions, as a product of environmentally mediated divergence during their speciation processes. The distribution and migration data of the recently diverged cryptic sister species P. citreola and P. flaviventris are consistent with two possible speciation scenarios: peripatric speciation and migration dosing speciation.
{"title":"Biogeography, speciation and niche evolution of doraditos (Aves: Pseudocolopteryx)","authors":"Emilio A. Jordan, Juan I. Areta","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12655","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological and geographical factors shape the current distribution of species. Analysing their interplay in a phylogenetic framework is key to understand the historical processes that have shaped the evolution of a group. Here, we modelled the ecological niches and geographic distributions of the five species of doraditos (<jats:italic>Pseudocolopteryx</jats:italic> spp.) to study their biogeographic histories, niche evolution and speciation process in a phylogenetic framework. Our potential distribution models uncovered novel range‐wide distributional patterns and seasonal movements in the doraditos, where four species are migratory with distinct breeding and non‐breeding distributions, and one (<jats:italic>P. sclateri</jats:italic>) exhibits a complex spatiotemporal distribution indicating nomadism. Ecological niche pairwise comparisons showed that none of the doraditos have equivalent niches and that niche differences are due to species‐specific habitat preferences. Phylogenetically weighted geographical and ecological analyses showed patterns of allopatric speciation and niche lability in the evolution of doraditos. The divergence of <jats:italic>P. sclateri</jats:italic> seems tied to its tropical‐to‐temperate wetland specialization. The montane <jats:italic>P. acutipennis</jats:italic> expanded to human‐modified lowlands following speciation, highlighting the need to control for post‐speciational changes in ecological niche comparisons as done here. In turn, <jats:italic>P. dinelliana</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. citreola</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. flaviventris</jats:italic> showed essentially allopatric breeding distributions, as a product of environmentally mediated divergence during their speciation processes. The distribution and migration data of the recently diverged cryptic sister species <jats:italic>P. citreola</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. flaviventris</jats:italic> are consistent with two possible speciation scenarios: peripatric speciation and migration dosing speciation.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Cheng, Nan Jiang, Arong Luo, Michael Orr, Qingsong Zhou, Xiaoyu Shi, Hongxiang Han, Chaodong Zhu
Biotic exchanges between Taiwan and Mainland China have shaped the biodiversity and ecosystems of both regions. Exchanges from Mainland China to Taiwan have received more attention, mainly studied in terrestrial vertebrates, while the reverse direction and invertebrates have largely been overlooked. Here, we explore the dispersal events between these two regions based on the moths of three species groups of Obeidia, including Taiwan taxa and its relatives from mainland. We conducted mixed methods and analysis, including reconstructing a phylogenetic tree, estimating associated divergence times and inferring ancestral areas and source regions, to explore the phylogeographical structure and genetic pattern of three groups based on eight genes. Our results revealed a structure of three clades and every clade included at least one Taiwanese taxa and its closest relatives of mainland of China, and also served Taiwan as an important source region of two mainland taxa. Our study revealed various origin pattern and dispersal models on the basis of three species groups of Obeidia. Bi‐directional biotic exchange via a land bridge were found: four Taiwanese taxa originated from mainland, and two of them migrated back to mainland. Both eastern Himalayas and south China are important origin areas for Taiwan biota, and the dominant source region may need multiple insect cases to confirm. Our study also provided evidences for disjunct distribution from the perspective of insecta molecular phylogeny.
{"title":"Bidirectional biotic interchange between Taiwan Island and Mainland China via land bridges—A case study of Obeidia Walker (Geometridae, Lepidoptera)","authors":"Rui Cheng, Nan Jiang, Arong Luo, Michael Orr, Qingsong Zhou, Xiaoyu Shi, Hongxiang Han, Chaodong Zhu","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12653","url":null,"abstract":"Biotic exchanges between Taiwan and Mainland China have shaped the biodiversity and ecosystems of both regions. Exchanges from Mainland China to Taiwan have received more attention, mainly studied in terrestrial vertebrates, while the reverse direction and invertebrates have largely been overlooked. Here, we explore the dispersal events between these two regions based on the moths of three species groups of Obeidia, including Taiwan taxa and its relatives from mainland. We conducted mixed methods and analysis, including reconstructing a phylogenetic tree, estimating associated divergence times and inferring ancestral areas and source regions, to explore the phylogeographical structure and genetic pattern of three groups based on eight genes. Our results revealed a structure of three clades and every clade included at least one Taiwanese taxa and its closest relatives of mainland of China, and also served Taiwan as an important source region of two mainland taxa. Our study revealed various origin pattern and dispersal models on the basis of three species groups of Obeidia. Bi‐directional biotic exchange via a land bridge were found: four Taiwanese taxa originated from mainland, and two of them migrated back to mainland. Both eastern Himalayas and south China are important origin areas for Taiwan biota, and the dominant source region may need multiple insect cases to confirm. Our study also provided evidences for disjunct distribution from the perspective of insecta molecular phylogeny.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Cheng, Nan Jiang, Arong Luo, Michael Orr, Qingsong Zhou, Xiaoyu Shi, Hongxiang Han, Chaodong Zhu
Biotic exchanges between Taiwan and Mainland China have shaped the biodiversity and ecosystems of both regions. Exchanges from Mainland China to Taiwan have received more attention, mainly studied in terrestrial vertebrates, while the reverse direction and invertebrates have largely been overlooked. Here, we explore the dispersal events between these two regions based on the moths of three species groups of Obeidia, including Taiwan taxa and its relatives from mainland. We conducted mixed methods and analysis, including reconstructing a phylogenetic tree, estimating associated divergence times and inferring ancestral areas and source regions, to explore the phylogeographical structure and genetic pattern of three groups based on eight genes. Our results revealed a structure of three clades and every clade included at least one Taiwanese taxa and its closest relatives of mainland of China, and also served Taiwan as an important source region of two mainland taxa. Our study revealed various origin pattern and dispersal models on the basis of three species groups of Obeidia. Bi‐directional biotic exchange via a land bridge were found: four Taiwanese taxa originated from mainland, and two of them migrated back to mainland. Both eastern Himalayas and south China are important origin areas for Taiwan biota, and the dominant source region may need multiple insect cases to confirm. Our study also provided evidences for disjunct distribution from the perspective of insecta molecular phylogeny.
{"title":"Bidirectional biotic interchange between Taiwan Island and Mainland China via land bridges—A case study of Obeidia Walker (Geometridae, Lepidoptera)","authors":"Rui Cheng, Nan Jiang, Arong Luo, Michael Orr, Qingsong Zhou, Xiaoyu Shi, Hongxiang Han, Chaodong Zhu","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12653","url":null,"abstract":"Biotic exchanges between Taiwan and Mainland China have shaped the biodiversity and ecosystems of both regions. Exchanges from Mainland China to Taiwan have received more attention, mainly studied in terrestrial vertebrates, while the reverse direction and invertebrates have largely been overlooked. Here, we explore the dispersal events between these two regions based on the moths of three species groups of Obeidia, including Taiwan taxa and its relatives from mainland. We conducted mixed methods and analysis, including reconstructing a phylogenetic tree, estimating associated divergence times and inferring ancestral areas and source regions, to explore the phylogeographical structure and genetic pattern of three groups based on eight genes. Our results revealed a structure of three clades and every clade included at least one Taiwanese taxa and its closest relatives of mainland of China, and also served Taiwan as an important source region of two mainland taxa. Our study revealed various origin pattern and dispersal models on the basis of three species groups of Obeidia. Bi‐directional biotic exchange via a land bridge were found: four Taiwanese taxa originated from mainland, and two of them migrated back to mainland. Both eastern Himalayas and south China are important origin areas for Taiwan biota, and the dominant source region may need multiple insect cases to confirm. Our study also provided evidences for disjunct distribution from the perspective of insecta molecular phylogeny.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last decades several miniaturized frogs have been described from different parts of the world. Those frogs, measuring less than 25 mm, show similar miniaturization features as the loss of phalanges in both the anterior and posterior limbs and the reduction of bone elements. However, there seems to be a limit regarding the minimum size of frogs and here we wanted to find an answer to the question: which is the smallest amphibian in the world? In 2019, an endemic species of toad known only from two localities in southern Bahia, Brazil, was studied. When we compared the size of adult representatives of this species with those of other species discovered in various parts of the world in the last decade, we observed that individuals of Brachycephalus pulex are the amphibians with the smallest total length recorded, thus qualifying them to bear the title of the tiniest anuran amphibian, and also tiniest vertebrate in the world.
{"title":"Zooming in on amphibians: Which is the smallest vertebrate in the world?","authors":"Wendy H. Bolaños, Iuri Ribeiro Dias, Mirco Solé","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12654","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decades several miniaturized frogs have been described from different parts of the world. Those frogs, measuring less than 25 mm, show similar miniaturization features as the loss of phalanges in both the anterior and posterior limbs and the reduction of bone elements. However, there seems to be a limit regarding the minimum size of frogs and here we wanted to find an answer to the question: which is the smallest amphibian in the world? In 2019, an endemic species of toad known only from two localities in southern Bahia, Brazil, was studied. When we compared the size of adult representatives of this species with those of other species discovered in various parts of the world in the last decade, we observed that individuals of <i>Brachycephalus pulex</i> are the amphibians with the smallest total length recorded, thus qualifying them to bear the title of the tiniest anuran amphibian, and also tiniest vertebrate in the world.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139754567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Capitella spp. are found in marine and estuarine benthos world-wide. They are often treated as environmental sentinels because they occur in high densities in areas of anthropogenic disturbance and organic pollution. However, there are many cryptic species around the world, often grouped into the Capitella capitata complex. Historically, these have been differentiated using allozymes and developmental studies. Recently, single-gene sequencing, especially cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and phylogenetic methods have been used to characterise populations around the world. We present molecular support and provide descriptions for five new Capitella spp. from the Gulf of Mexico: Capitella gomexa sp. n., Capitella mandingensis sp. n., Capitella tampe sp. n., Capitella maculosa sp. n. and Capitella loucindae sp. n. Two were recently differentiated on the basis of larval development and morphology. Additionally, we present an updated look at global Capitella phylogeny. While no apparent patterns of phylogeography were recovered, we did find support for a single origin of thoracic acicular spines.
Capitella spp.存在于世界各地的海洋和河口底栖生物中。它们通常被视为环境哨兵，因为它们在人为干扰和有机污染区域出现的密度很高。不过，世界各地还有许多隐蔽物种，通常被归类为 Capitella capitata 复合体。一直以来，这些物种都是通过同工酶和发育研究来区分的。最近，单基因测序（尤其是细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 I）和系统发生学方法被用来描述世界各地的种群特征。我们为墨西哥湾新发现的五种 Capitella 属提供了分子支持和描述：n., Capitella mandingensis sp. n., Capitella tampe sp. n., Capitella maculosa sp. n. and Capitella loucindae sp. n.。此外，我们还对全球帽带藻的系统发育进行了更新。虽然没有发现明显的系统地理学模式，但我们确实发现了胸棘的单一起源。
{"title":"Capitella (Annelida: Capitellidae) species in the Gulf of Mexico: Delimitation, phylogeography and phylogeny","authors":"Justin Hilliard, Marissa Hajduk, Nuria Méndez, Anja Schulze","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12651","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Capitella</i> spp. are found in marine and estuarine benthos world-wide. They are often treated as environmental sentinels because they occur in high densities in areas of anthropogenic disturbance and organic pollution. However, there are many cryptic species around the world, often grouped into the <i>Capitella capitata</i> complex. Historically, these have been differentiated using allozymes and developmental studies. Recently, single-gene sequencing, especially cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit I, and phylogenetic methods have been used to characterise populations around the world. We present molecular support and provide descriptions for five new <i>Capitella</i> spp. from the Gulf of Mexico: <i>Capitella gomexa</i> sp. n., <i>Capitella mandingensis</i> sp. n., <i>Capitella tampe</i> sp. n., <i>Capitella maculosa</i> sp. n. and <i>Capitella loucindae</i> sp. n. Two were recently differentiated on the basis of larval development and morphology. Additionally, we present an updated look at global <i>Capitella</i> phylogeny. While no apparent patterns of phylogeography were recovered, we did find support for a single origin of thoracic acicular spines.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin M. Hektoen, Torkild Bakken, Torbjørn Ekrem, Vasily I. Radashevsky, Glenn Dunshea
The Prionospio complex comprises the most diverse and complex group within the polychaete family Spionidae. The phylogenetic relationships within the group are still poorly understood, and the generic breakdown is unstable. In this study, we assessed the diversity, relationships, and distribution of species of the Prionospio complex occurring in Norwegian waters. We analysed mitochondrial genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA assembled via whole-genome shotgun sequencing, and Sanger sequenced fragments of COI and 16S rDNA. Sanger sequencing proved challenging in the group, where COI was only amplified successfully in 14% of specimens. By molecular species delimitation algorithms, our study revealed the presence of four well-supported but currently undescribed species of Prionospio in Norwegian waters. We observed a novel distribution pattern of polychaetes in coastal waters, where certain species demonstrated distribution ranges spanning over 7000 km. Such wide distribution parallels patterns of deep-sea Prionospio species, suggesting that factors beyond recent anthropogenic translocations are involved. Our analysis of 38 mitochondrial genomes and ribosomal nuclear DNA enabled us to hypothesise on the phylogenetic relationships of 14 species of the Prionospio complex. The analysis suggested that two characters previously used to designate genera: the beginning of the branchiae from chaetiger 3 and the presence of pinnules on the branchiae, might have evolved more than one time within the complex. We return Aurospio banyulensis to the genus Prionospio according to the diagnosis of Aurospio resulting tree where this species was nested among Prionospio species. Our findings provide new insights into the diversity and distribution patterns of Prionospio species and contribute to a better understanding of marine benthic biodiversity and the importance of taxonomic accuracy in conservation and management practices.
{"title":"Species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of the Prionospio complex (Annelida, Spionidae) in the Northeast Atlantic","authors":"Martin M. Hektoen, Torkild Bakken, Torbjørn Ekrem, Vasily I. Radashevsky, Glenn Dunshea","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12648","url":null,"abstract":"The <i>Prionospio</i> complex comprises the most diverse and complex group within the polychaete family Spionidae. The phylogenetic relationships within the group are still poorly understood, and the generic breakdown is unstable. In this study, we assessed the diversity, relationships, and distribution of species of the <i>Prionospio</i> complex occurring in Norwegian waters. We analysed mitochondrial genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA assembled via whole-genome shotgun sequencing, and Sanger sequenced fragments of COI and 16S rDNA. Sanger sequencing proved challenging in the group, where COI was only amplified successfully in 14% of specimens. By molecular species delimitation algorithms, our study revealed the presence of four well-supported but currently undescribed species of <i>Prionospio</i> in Norwegian waters. We observed a novel distribution pattern of polychaetes in coastal waters, where certain species demonstrated distribution ranges spanning over 7000 km. Such wide distribution parallels patterns of deep-sea <i>Prionospio</i> species, suggesting that factors beyond recent anthropogenic translocations are involved. Our analysis of 38 mitochondrial genomes and ribosomal nuclear DNA enabled us to hypothesise on the phylogenetic relationships of 14 species of the <i>Prionospio</i> complex<i>.</i> The analysis suggested that two characters previously used to designate genera: the beginning of the branchiae from chaetiger 3 and the presence of pinnules on the branchiae, might have evolved more than one time within the complex. We return <i>Aurospio banyulensis</i> to the genus <i>Prionospio</i> according to the diagnosis of <i>Aurospio</i> resulting tree where this species was nested among <i>Prionospio</i> species. Our findings provide new insights into the diversity and distribution patterns of <i>Prionospio</i> species and contribute to a better understanding of marine benthic biodiversity and the importance of taxonomic accuracy in conservation and management practices.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139754776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mesalina watsonana is a well-known species of small lacertid lizards with an extensive species distribution that exhibits high genetic diversity. The species has a wide distribution range in Iran, some parts of Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwest India. This study aims to generate phylogenetic and phylogeographic evidence to derive taxonomic recommendations supporting. Furthermore, this species can be used as a model for examining Iranian Platuea's historical biogeography. We conducted a very detailed sampling of its distribution and used genetic approaches. Phylogenetic analyses were done implementing two mitochondrial (Cytb and 16S) and one nuclear (C-mos) gene fragments. Combination of these results indicated that seven well-supported distinct clades exist within this species complex, i.e. Kerman clade, Esfarayen clade, Halil clade, Ardestan clade, M. watsonana clade, Bardaskan Clade, and Khuzestan Clade in Iran. Also, our results revealed that several distinct clades diverged due to geologic events when the Dasht-e-Kavir and the Zagros Mountains were formed. It seems that the ancestor of M. watsonana spread to Iranian Plateau before the formation of the Zagros Mountains. Orogenic activities of the Zagros Mountains and the formation of deserts have influenced the separation of these lineages from the Late Miocene by allopatric speciation. Generally, our findings suggest that each of the seven clades corresponding to distinct geographic regions deserves to be elevated to the species level.
{"title":"Speciation in the Iranian plateau: Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary history of the Persian long-tailed desert lizard","authors":"Hamid Boroumand, Reihaneh Saberi-Pirooz, Soheila Shafiei Bafti, Wolfgang Böhme, Faraham Ahmadzadeh","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12649","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Mesalina watsonana</i> is a well-known species of small lacertid lizards with an extensive species distribution that exhibits high genetic diversity. The species has a wide distribution range in Iran, some parts of Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwest India. This study aims to generate phylogenetic and phylogeographic evidence to derive taxonomic recommendations supporting. Furthermore, this species can be used as a model for examining Iranian Platuea's historical biogeography. We conducted a very detailed sampling of its distribution and used genetic approaches. Phylogenetic analyses were done implementing two mitochondrial (Cyt<i>b</i> and 16S) and one nuclear (C-mos) gene fragments. Combination of these results indicated that seven well-supported distinct clades exist within this species complex, i.e. Kerman clade, Esfarayen clade, Halil clade, Ardestan clade, <i>M. watsonana</i> clade, Bardaskan Clade, and Khuzestan Clade in Iran. Also, our results revealed that several distinct clades diverged due to geologic events when the Dasht-e-Kavir and the Zagros Mountains were formed. It seems that the ancestor of <i>M. watsonana</i> spread to Iranian Plateau before the formation of the Zagros Mountains. Orogenic activities of the Zagros Mountains and the formation of deserts have influenced the separation of these lineages from the Late Miocene by allopatric speciation. Generally, our findings suggest that each of the seven clades corresponding to distinct geographic regions deserves to be elevated to the species level.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139662264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina de Lima Adam, Robert J. Toonen, David B. Carlon, Carla Zilberberg, Marcos Soares Barbeitos
Scleractinian corals are the main modern builders of coral reefs, which are major hot spots of marine biodiversity. Southern Atlantic reef corals are understudied compared to their Caribbean and Indo-Pacific counterparts and many hypotheses about their population dynamics demand further testing. We employed thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) recovered via ezRAD to characterize genetic population structuring and species boundaries in the amphi-Atlantic hard coral genus Favia. Coalescent-based species delimitation (BFD* – Bayes Factor Delimitation) recovered F. fragum and F. gravida as separate species. Although our results agree with depth-related genetic structuring in F. fragum, they did not support incipient speciation of the ‘tall’ and ‘short’ morphotypes. The preferred scenario also revealed a split between two main lineages of F. gravida, one from Ascension Island and the other from Brazil. The Brazilian lineage is further divided into a species that occurs throughout the Northeastern coast and another that ranges from the Abrolhos Archipelago to the state of Espírito Santo. BFD* scenarios were corroborated by analyses of SNP matrices with varying levels of missing data and by a speciation-based delimitation approach (DELINEATE). Our results challenge current notions about Atlantic reef corals because they uncovered surprising genetic diversity in Favia and rejected the long-standing hypothesis that Abrolhos Archipelago may have served as a Pleistocenic refuge during the last glaciations.
硬骨鱼类珊瑚是珊瑚礁的主要现代建造者，而珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的主要热点。与加勒比海和印度洋-太平洋地区的珊瑚礁相比，大西洋南部珊瑚礁的研究还不够充分，有关其种群动态的许多假说都需要进一步验证。我们利用通过 ezRAD 恢复的数千个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）来描述两栖大西洋硬珊瑚属 Favia 的遗传种群结构和物种边界。基于聚合的物种划界（BFD* - 贝叶斯因子划界）发现 F. fragum 和 F. gravida 是不同的物种。虽然我们的结果与 F. fragum 中与深度相关的遗传结构一致，但并不支持 "高 "和 "矮 "形态的萌芽物种。首选方案还揭示了 F. gravida 的两个主要品系之间的分裂，一个来自阿森松岛，另一个来自巴西。巴西种系又分为分布于整个东北海岸的一个种系和分布于从阿布罗尔霍斯群岛到圣埃斯皮里图州的另一个种系。通过分析不同缺失数据水平的 SNP 矩阵和基于物种划分的方法（DELINEATE），BFD* 方案得到了证实。我们的研究结果对目前有关大西洋珊瑚礁的观点提出了挑战，因为它们发现了令人吃惊的法维亚遗传多样性，并否定了阿布洛尔霍斯群岛在上一次冰川时期可能是一个更新世避难所这一由来已久的假说。
{"title":"Genetic structuring and species boundaries in the Atlantic stony coral Favia (Scleractinia, Faviidae)","authors":"Carolina de Lima Adam, Robert J. Toonen, David B. Carlon, Carla Zilberberg, Marcos Soares Barbeitos","doi":"10.1111/zsc.12652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12652","url":null,"abstract":"Scleractinian corals are the main modern builders of coral reefs, which are major hot spots of marine biodiversity. Southern Atlantic reef corals are understudied compared to their Caribbean and Indo-Pacific counterparts and many hypotheses about their population dynamics demand further testing. We employed thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) recovered via ezRAD to characterize genetic population structuring and species boundaries in the amphi-Atlantic hard coral genus <i>Favia</i>. Coalescent-based species delimitation (BFD* – Bayes Factor Delimitation) recovered <i>F. fragum</i> and <i>F. gravida</i> as separate species. Although our results agree with depth-related genetic structuring in <i>F. fragum</i>, they did not support incipient speciation of the ‘tall’ and ‘short’ morphotypes. The preferred scenario also revealed a split between two main lineages of <i>F. gravida</i>, one from Ascension Island and the other from Brazil. The Brazilian lineage is further divided into a species that occurs throughout the Northeastern coast and another that ranges from the Abrolhos Archipelago to the state of Espírito Santo. BFD* scenarios were corroborated by analyses of SNP matrices with varying levels of missing data and by a speciation-based delimitation approach (DELINEATE). Our results challenge current notions about Atlantic reef corals because they uncovered surprising genetic diversity in <i>Favia</i> and rejected the long-standing hypothesis that Abrolhos Archipelago may have served as a Pleistocenic refuge during the last glaciations.","PeriodicalId":49334,"journal":{"name":"Zoologica Scripta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139644913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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