Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I P Pavlova最新文献

Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) leads to the development of mixed anxiety/depression-like state in male mice similar to those in humans. It has been shown that, under CSDS, the adult brain undergoes changes in the functioning neurotransmitter systems in different brain regions. In this experiment we are focused on the analysis of expression of genes encoding proteins related with the metabolism and receptors of serotonin, catecholamines, GABA and glutamate in the ventral teg- mental area which is important for regulation of motivations, emotions and is involved into mech- anisms of affective disorders. Mixed anxiety/depression-like state was generated in male mice by exposure to CSDS during 20 days. The collected samples of the ventral tegmental area were se-- quenced at JSC Genoanalytica,(http://genoanalytica.ru/, Moscow, Russia).'We found that genes, related with serotonin (Tph2, Maob, SIc6a4, Htr4, Htr1a) were upregulated but expression of Htr3a gene was downregulated in the ventral tegmental area of depressive mice in comparison with the control. Besides, upregulation of dopaminergic Th, Ddc, Slc6a3, Sic18a2, Drd2, and Maob genes was found while noradrenergic Dbh, Slc6a2, Adra2c, and Adra2a genes were downregulated. Ex- pression of GABAergic Gabral, Gabra2, Gabrg2, Gabrg], Gabrq, Gad], and Gad genes as well as glutamatergic Grial, Gria2, Grik2, Grm2, Grm5, and Slc 7a8 genes were increased under CSDS. Development of mixed anxiety/depression-like state under CSDS in male mice is accompanied by increased expression of genes coding the proteins participating in the metabolism and receptions of serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. Expression of genes coding the adrenergic reception is decreased. It is supposed that Drd2 H Htr3a genes may play the key role in the synchronization of other genes of neurotransmitter systems.

As a result of long-term bidirectional selection for aggressiveness towards human, tame and aggres- sive outbred gray rat lines were established. The objective of the current work was to compare play fighting during adolescence in tame, aggressive and unselected rats. It was shown that the selection for the absence of aggression towards human is associated with longer maintenance of some juvenile play features compared to unselected rats. Although, the time of play fighting during different stages of adolescence didn't differ in tame and unselected rats. The selection for enhancement of aggressiveness towards human didn't change the play behavior structure, but caused an increase of play behavior during middle stage of adolescence. It seems that the attenuation of aggression and longer maintenance of some juvenile play features in tame rats is part of fundamental behavioral reorganization during domestication, which is connected with neoteny.

In most motor acts to achieve a behavioral goal requires coordination of posture and movement. In this paper, such coordination is studied by the example of human trunk bending in. the sagittal plane. Such movements are difficult to study because both components of this motor act (main - bending per se, and "accessory" - posture aimed on equilibrium. maintenance) involve massive movements of body segments, which complicates separation of these components. Their separation is based on the modem ideas about the special features of the posture component as compared with the main component. It is shown that the main and posture components correspond to the move- ments along eigenvectors of the dynamic equation. These movements are unique because they demonstrate at the same time "kinematic" as well as "dynamic" synergies. They were called there- fore "natural synergies". The coordination of natural synergies is investigated in human during standing on the wide and narrow supports. It is shown that the experimentally observed coordination is close to optimal, providing minimum movement of the center of pressure. This ensures the center of pressure Position keeping inside the support area that is necessary for equilibrium maintenance.

Receptor-like tyrosine kinase IRR (the insulin receptor-related receptor) can be activated by extra- cellular alkaline media. IRR is found in organs that come in contact with liquids of extremal pH, and also in specific cells of the nervous systems where its function is not known. In this study, we analyzed the phenotype of IRR knockout mice in a series of behavioral tests. In control experi- ments, null-mutation littermate mice were analyzed. In the "Social interaction" test, the knockout animals showed a reduced number of social contacts. No statistically significant differences in im- mobility time were revealed in the "Forced swim" test, yet the number of animals that showed pro- longed immobility time, was higher in the group of knockout mice. In the "Resident-intruder" test, wild-type mice demonstrated their typical aggressive behavior whereas 7 out of 16 knockout animals stayed inert and, in contrast, attacked by the intruder. The obtained data suggest that the IRR gene inactivation results in disturbances of the aggressive-defensive behavior typical of the parental mouse strain.

The neurofeedback based on the motor areas fMRI signal may be a promising treatment for improving motor impairment in post-stroke conditions and Parkinson's disease. In the majority of the studies has been conducted using the 3 T MR machines, and the region of interest has been placed to the secondary motor areas. The current study attempted to perform an fMRI neurofeeback based on response of the right hand projection locus within primary motor cortex utilizing the 1.5 T MR scanner and using the optimal parameters for the named magnetic field strength. The subjects were 16 healthy participants who underwent a 30-minute imaging session comprised 1) individual func- tional localization of the region of interest (using the hand clinging task) and attempts to control its activity with 2) motor imagery and 3) any cognitive strategy chosen by participant. In both self-regulation conditions subjects activated G. precentralis, G. cinguli anterior, G. frontalis superior, G. parietalis inferior, and 6-th Brodman area. Activation maps for these two tasks didn't differ one from another significantly, and the involved area had only a few overlays with the region of interest map which signifies that training was unsucessful. The limitations of the study and factors influenc- ing the biofeedback efficacy negatively are discussed.

The present study investigates the early stages of selection of meaningful and meaningless verbal-in- formation in an implicit and two explicit tasks by means of the parameters of latency and amplitude of P100 EP component in healthy subjects (n = 99) and in schizophrenia patients with the first psy- chotic episode (n = 102). The obtained results indicate the disturbance of passive perception of meaningful verbal information in psychotic patients. When the instruction is presented patients re- spond similar to norm. The decreased amplitude of P100 component during the,passive perception of words in patients may be related to the severity of hallucinatory behavior. The analysis of changes in the characteristics of the P100 wave in task with instruction as compared to passive perception in the norm revealed a shortening of the time window'of the processing of information regardless to its category and relevance. In schizophrenia patients this feature was found only when reading of the pseudo-words. The results indicate the disturbance of automated attraction of attention to the semantically significant content of the verbal stimulus in the patients' group. The study demonstrat- ed the association between P100 wave characteristics and behavioural responses.

The relationships between intelligence and indicators of attention systems functions, and recogni- tion of remembered verbal and figural stimuli, as well as the lateral characteristics of verbal memory in older age (64.5 ± 6.3 years, n = 83; 43 women) and in young group (22.0 ± 4.5 years,.n 133; 83 women) have been studied. It was found that the rate of information selection in conflict condi- tions is a. predictor of the level of intelligence, regardless of age. In old age a higher level of intelligence corresponds to shorter time of executive control system while in the young people accurate significant relations between intelligence and functions of attention systems are not found. In the analysis of memory, aging-independent a positive contribution to the intelligence have the words addressed to the left hemisphere; additionally in the young age the contribution of verbal memory when words addressing the right hemisphere, and in the elderly the retrieval of verbal and figural stimuli. Gender specificity in age-associated reorganization of attention and memory as predictors of intelligence was revealed, i.e. age-related changes were more pronounced in men.