Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I P Pavlova最新文献

Bus driving is a highly responsible profession. It requires constant engagement of attention and cog- nitive resources as well as vigilance and resistance to disruption of sleep- rhythms. There is ongoing research of genetic correlates of these individual characteristics. The aim of this study is to search for possible connections between single nucleotide polymorphisms and the history of road traffic accidents in professional bus driving. 299 professional drives working on rolling shifts with recorded history of traffic accidents took part in the study. Polymorphisms in circadian rhythm-, cognitive and emotional function-related genes were genotyped: CLOCK (rs 12649507), RORA (rs1159814), NPAS2 (rs4851377), NPSR1 (rs324981), PER3 (rs2640909), DRD3 (rs6280), SLC6A3 (rs6347), DBH(rs1611125). Significant associations for polymorphisms in CLOCK, NPSR1 and SLC6A3 with traffic crash parameters were found. We suppose that they are mediated by the difference in chronotype and sleep deprivation resistance for CLOCKand cognitive and emotional control for NPSRI and SLC6A3 polymorphisms.

The review summarizes the data related to the potential of the real time fMRI biofeedback (the rt-fMRI), a novel technology implementing instructing patients to modify the neural activity in the certain brain regions related to the disordered function. The recent positive results were gained for a treatment of the post-stroke impairments, the Parkinson disease, the pain syndrome, the tinnitus, the alcohol and nicotine abuse, the major depression, and phobias of contamination and spiders. The intervention Was found to be less promising for schizophrenia and nearly ineffective for the criminal antisocial personality disorder. The reliability of the results is mostly poor due to suboptimal study designs, lack of the control groups, and insufficient sample sizes. The article deals with biological basis of the technology, its current applications and perspectives; and also its method- ologicdl and methodical problems.

The study is based on the analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) accompanying processing referentially ambiguous pronouns under condition when disambiguation is necessary for effective task performance. Par- ticipants were asked to match the pronoun in the second sentence with its antecedent (the noun phrase it is related to) in the first sentence in two conditions: experimental (two possible antecedents) and control (only one possible antecedent). Processing referentially ambiguous pronouns as compared to the control condition elicited an Nref effect - a diffuse ERP deflection 300-400 ms poststimulus that was earlier observed in Dutch and Chinese. Moreover, in contrast to previous results, no P600 effect - late positivity associated with ac- ceptability judgment under condition of referential ambiguity - was found. Our data in comparison with re- sults of previous studies indicate that strategies in processing referentially ambiguous pronouns (acceptability judgment) are determined not only by experimental task but also by absence/presence of anomalous trials in the experimental materials.

At the process of learning in an 8-arm radial maze the impulsive animals found the reinforced arms and ate the pellets faster, than self-control and ambivalent rats. They committed less working memory errors at the cue memory task, though there was no difference in the rate of learning and a number of errors of reference memory in animals of different groups. During reversion learning at the change of reinforced arms on unre- inforced, and vice versa, the impulsive animals spent less time to enter into the reinforced arms compared to other groups. They had fewer errors of cue working and reference memory, but the rate of learning was the same as in other groups. The date obtained indicate that in the impulsive rats in comparison with the other groups of animals are stronger the general motor activity and better the working memory.

This study investigated the energy-onset and motion-onset responses (N1, P2, cN 1 and cP2 components of the auditory evoked potential) elicited by moving sound stimuli in the passive and active listening conditions. In the passive conditions the subjects were distracted from auditory information; in active conditions they lo- calized the starting and final points of the stimulus trajectory. The sound movement to the left/right from the head midline was produced by linear-changes of the interaural time delay (ITD). The onset of motion was preceded by stationary sound located near the head midline. In the active conditions, the NI component was higher and the P2 component was higher and peaked later as compared to the passive listening. The early and later parts of the motion-onset response (cN 1 and cP2) also were larger in magnitude and peaked later during active listening. Both in active and passive conditions, cNI and cP2 amplitude exhibited increase and latency showed decrease when the stimulus velocity increased. Contralateral asymmetry was found only in the mo- tion-onset responses recorded from the left hemisphere.

Changes of primary visual center evoked potentials in response to white light and optic nerve electric stimulation were investigated during retinal GABAb-receptors activation with baclofen in dark-adapted carp. It was found, that baclofen - induced b-wave ERG decreasing, was accompanied by a significant amplitude growing as in the evoked potential to light as in the evoked potential to electric nerve stimulation: It is proposed, that light evoked potential changes reflect the increasing of the third retinal neuron responses to light and/or tectal neuron responsiveness enhancement.

It has been shown in the previously performed experiments that it is possible to "recognize" by the EEG data the type of thinking and to know what kind of task (spatial or verbal-logical) is solving currently. This article describes the application of this technology to the study of schizophrenia patients..We obtained data about the essential difficulty of such recognition in schizophrenia patients, correlation of these difficulties with the severity of negative symptoms. It is shown that the'difficulty of recognition is associated with higher variability of rhythmic EEG patterns, intrinsic for particular type of thinking.

The role of autophagy in cell survival and suppression of neurodegeneration was considered. We discussed its involvement in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases connected with accumulation of amy- loid-β, α-synuclein, and huntingtin, respectively. Autophagy is reduced in these diseases and in aging as well to various extent. Elimination of accumulated toxic proteins and structures is performed by autophagy mech- anisms (chaperon-mediated autophagy, macroautophagy, selected autophagy) in an interaction with ubiqui- tin-proteasome system. In many cases activation of mTOR-dependent autophagy and mTOR-independent regulatory pathways lead to the therapeutic effect of inhibition of neurodegeneration in cell cultures and an- imal models. Some autophagy enhancers such as resveratrol, metformin, rilmenidine, lithium, and curcumin are tested now in clinical trials.

We explored the association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serotonin transporter genes with neurophysiological characteristics of the early stages of verbal information processing in the brain in the groups of patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy people. It has been shown that Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms are associated with P100 and N170 during the passive reading of single words written in Russian presented with different occurrence frequency. The healthy carriers of the ValVal genotype (BDN F Val66Met) allele or the SS (5-HTTLPR) genotype performed the task better compared to those with an Met or an L allele. The differences were significant in healthy people and observed as a trend in thepatients.

Opiate reinforcement is considered as a stimulus inducing addiction, however underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain obscure. According to the literature, BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in the lateral ventral tegmental area (VTA) could modulate morphine reinforcement, but the role of BDNF in the midline VTA has not been studied yet. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a single intra-mid- line VTA injection on the acquisition and expression of morphine conditioned place preference (CPP). CPP procedure was composed of eight conditioning sessions (one session per day): morphine (i.p., 10 mg/kg) and saline injections were paired to the compartments and counterbalanced.Recombinant human BDNF (0.75 ug) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a vehicle were injected once into the midline VTA one day before or after conditioning. According to the CPP test rats spent more time in the morphine-paired compartments a scompared to the saline-paired compartments (p < 0.05). After a single BDNF injection into the midline VTA be- fore conditioning, but not after conditioning, differences in time spent in morphine and saline-paired compartments did not reach significance (p > 0.05). Thus, taking into account limitations of the results, we sug- gest that BDNF in the midline VTA may block morphine reinforcement.