: We investigate the multiphase deformation, fluid flow, and mineralization processes in epithermal systems by presenting a detailed study of vein textures and breccias of the Kestanelik epithermal Au-Ag deposit, NW Turkey. The mineralization in the deposit is associated with several quartz veins. Fault-hosted veins and mode I veins share many textural and breccia characteristics owing to (i) overprinting of tectonic breccias formed during coseismic rupturing by subsequent coseismic hydrothermal brecciation and (ii) reworking of earlier vein breccia phases by repeated rupturing and hydraulic fracturing events. The spatial distribution of breccias at fault-hosted veins proposes that power of coseismic hydrothermal brecciation is controlled by the distance to the level of boiling within a vein. The brecciation affects the entire vein proximal to the level of boiling; however, it is limited to the footwall contact of the vein more distally at the upper levels of a vein. Varying number of mineralization events for the veins suggests that any individual earthquake event reopened only one or more sealed vein, but not all at once. Fewer mineralization events in fault-hosted veins compared to the mode I veins is either linked to (i) focusing of high fluid flux into the conduits of mode I veins that accommodate more dilation or (ii) reopening of mode I veins owing to the driven of extensional failure under low differential stress. Although fault-hosted veins record fewer mineralization events, they have higher average Au grade (4.106 g/t) compared to that of mode I veins (2.736 g/t). On the other hand, fewer mineralization events in wall rock structures compared to the adjacent faults is attributed to (i) absence or poor development of the damage zone structures in earlier seismic events or (ii) deactivation of them after clogging due to the rotation of the optimum stress field or (iii) their formation as hydraulic extension fractures. This study emphasizes the importance of detailed studies of vein infill for understanding the internal structural evolution of the veins in epithermal deposits that is interest to the geologists within both industry and academic fields.
{"title":"Multiphase deformation, fluid flow and mineralization in epithermal systems: Inferences from structures, vein textures and breccias of the Kestanelik epithermal Au-Ag deposit, NW Turkey","authors":"Nilay Gülyüz, Z. Shipton, İ. Kuşçu","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1828","url":null,"abstract":": We investigate the multiphase deformation, fluid flow, and mineralization processes in epithermal systems by presenting a detailed study of vein textures and breccias of the Kestanelik epithermal Au-Ag deposit, NW Turkey. The mineralization in the deposit is associated with several quartz veins. Fault-hosted veins and mode I veins share many textural and breccia characteristics owing to (i) overprinting of tectonic breccias formed during coseismic rupturing by subsequent coseismic hydrothermal brecciation and (ii) reworking of earlier vein breccia phases by repeated rupturing and hydraulic fracturing events. The spatial distribution of breccias at fault-hosted veins proposes that power of coseismic hydrothermal brecciation is controlled by the distance to the level of boiling within a vein. The brecciation affects the entire vein proximal to the level of boiling; however, it is limited to the footwall contact of the vein more distally at the upper levels of a vein. Varying number of mineralization events for the veins suggests that any individual earthquake event reopened only one or more sealed vein, but not all at once. Fewer mineralization events in fault-hosted veins compared to the mode I veins is either linked to (i) focusing of high fluid flux into the conduits of mode I veins that accommodate more dilation or (ii) reopening of mode I veins owing to the driven of extensional failure under low differential stress. Although fault-hosted veins record fewer mineralization events, they have higher average Au grade (4.106 g/t) compared to that of mode I veins (2.736 g/t). On the other hand, fewer mineralization events in wall rock structures compared to the adjacent faults is attributed to (i) absence or poor development of the damage zone structures in earlier seismic events or (ii) deactivation of them after clogging due to the rotation of the optimum stress field or (iii) their formation as hydraulic extension fractures. This study emphasizes the importance of detailed studies of vein infill for understanding the internal structural evolution of the veins in epithermal deposits that is interest to the geologists within both industry and academic fields.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47112526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The east-west extended Sivas Basin in central-eastern Anatolia is a foreland basin that formed after the obduction of the Tethyan ophiolite during the late Cretaceous and is also a north-verging fold-and-thrust belt. The basement rocks of the basin represent mainly sedimentary (Mesozoic platform-type carbonates) and late Cretaceous Divriği ophiolitic complex. As the ophiolitic rocks are affected by intense tectonic processes, field-based mapping studies require long processes and costs. The study tests to reveal the lithological features of the ophiolitic complex outcropping around the Ulaş district of the Sivas Province using remote sensing methods and techniques. Due to arid climatic conditions and rare vegetation cover in the region, almost all outcrops of the basin rocks can be separated by spectral enhancement methods easily. Band ratio (BR), spectral indices (SI), decorrelation stretch (DS), principal component analysis (PCA), and support vector machine (SVM) on Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data were used in this research. BR, PCA, DC, and SI techniques clearly distinguish the Divriği Ophiolitic Complex from the basement and cover sedimentary rocks. SVM distinguishes the chromite-bearing dunites from the other ophiolite-related rock units. According to image analysis performances, it has been observed that the rocks of the Divriği ophiolitic complex can be differentiated in more detail compared to a 1/100.000 scaled geological map of the region.
{"title":"Lithological mapping of ophiolitic rocks from southern part of the Sivas Basin (Turkey) using ASTER imagery","authors":"Taner Ekici","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1838","url":null,"abstract":": The east-west extended Sivas Basin in central-eastern Anatolia is a foreland basin that formed after the obduction of the Tethyan ophiolite during the late Cretaceous and is also a north-verging fold-and-thrust belt. The basement rocks of the basin represent mainly sedimentary (Mesozoic platform-type carbonates) and late Cretaceous Divriği ophiolitic complex. As the ophiolitic rocks are affected by intense tectonic processes, field-based mapping studies require long processes and costs. The study tests to reveal the lithological features of the ophiolitic complex outcropping around the Ulaş district of the Sivas Province using remote sensing methods and techniques. Due to arid climatic conditions and rare vegetation cover in the region, almost all outcrops of the basin rocks can be separated by spectral enhancement methods easily. Band ratio (BR), spectral indices (SI), decorrelation stretch (DS), principal component analysis (PCA), and support vector machine (SVM) on Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data were used in this research. BR, PCA, DC, and SI techniques clearly distinguish the Divriği Ophiolitic Complex from the basement and cover sedimentary rocks. SVM distinguishes the chromite-bearing dunites from the other ophiolite-related rock units. According to image analysis performances, it has been observed that the rocks of the Divriği ophiolitic complex can be differentiated in more detail compared to a 1/100.000 scaled geological map of the region.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44880154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fired shards from selected ancient Anatolian ceramics: a brief review of their mineralogical nature and pedological?microstructural evolution","authors":"S. Kapur, S. Kadir, G. Kelling, E. Akça, M. Topaksu, N. Sakarya, Z. Yeǧingil, Muhsin Eren, E. Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1861","url":null,"abstract":"Recommended Citation KAPUR, SELİM; KADİR, SELAHATTİN; KELLING, GILBERT; AKÇA, ERHAN; TOPAKSU, MUSTAFA; SAKARYA, NECDET; YEĞİNGİL, ZEHRA; EREN, MUHSİN; and FITZPATRICK, EWART ADSIL (2023) \"Fired shards from selected ancient Anatolian ceramics: a brief review of their mineralogical nature and pedological?microstructural evolution,\" Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences: Vol. 32: No. 4, Article 9. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1861 Available at: https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/vol32/iss4/9","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42565399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustafa Softa, E. Şahiner, H. Sözbilir, Joel QG Spencer, M. Utku, Mehmet Fati̇h Büyüktopcu
: While there has been significant research on the dating of paleoearthquakes using methods such as surface cosmogenic dating, and trench-based luminescence or radiocarbon dating, this paper focuses on implementing an alternative surface dating method using a fault scarp-based optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating approach. Hence for the first time, we investigated the Pleistocene to Holocene earthquake cycle of the Manisa Fault, one of the dip-slip active faults of the Western Anatolia extensional province, utilizing novel OSL surface exposure techniques. In this technique, OSL bleaching profiles on the fault surface are directly related to the exposure of the fresh fault scarps that are produced by earthquakes. The results indicate that the Manisa Fault is responsible for at least six surface rupturing earthquakes since the Holocene, occurring at 154 ± 22 year (E6: LSD3), 416 ± 48 year (E5: LSD4), 1103 ± 82 year (E4: LSD5), 2067 ± 138 year (E3: LSD6), 5376 ± 48 year (E2: LSD7), and 6432 ± 218 year (E1: LSD8). Our results of the first use of this novel method on the Manisa Fault are in agreement with prior cosmogenic dating of fault scarps and trench-based paleoseismological chronological data, and we conclude that the OSL surface chronology is a promising alternative for fault scarp dating of paleoearthquakes.
{"title":"The first application of the luminescence surface exposure dating method on active fault scarps in the Western Anatolia extensional province: the Manisa Fault as an example","authors":"Mustafa Softa, E. Şahiner, H. Sözbilir, Joel QG Spencer, M. Utku, Mehmet Fati̇h Büyüktopcu","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1836","url":null,"abstract":": While there has been significant research on the dating of paleoearthquakes using methods such as surface cosmogenic dating, and trench-based luminescence or radiocarbon dating, this paper focuses on implementing an alternative surface dating method using a fault scarp-based optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating approach. Hence for the first time, we investigated the Pleistocene to Holocene earthquake cycle of the Manisa Fault, one of the dip-slip active faults of the Western Anatolia extensional province, utilizing novel OSL surface exposure techniques. In this technique, OSL bleaching profiles on the fault surface are directly related to the exposure of the fresh fault scarps that are produced by earthquakes. The results indicate that the Manisa Fault is responsible for at least six surface rupturing earthquakes since the Holocene, occurring at 154 ± 22 year (E6: LSD3), 416 ± 48 year (E5: LSD4), 1103 ± 82 year (E4: LSD5), 2067 ± 138 year (E3: LSD6), 5376 ± 48 year (E2: LSD7), and 6432 ± 218 year (E1: LSD8). Our results of the first use of this novel method on the Manisa Fault are in agreement with prior cosmogenic dating of fault scarps and trench-based paleoseismological chronological data, and we conclude that the OSL surface chronology is a promising alternative for fault scarp dating of paleoearthquakes.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42048490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. O. Yücel, E. Özcan, R. Catanzariti, A. Hakyemez, A. Okay, T. A. Çiner, A. Akın
: New field observations and discovery of calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera from the ‘shallow-marine’ Çayraz Formation (Haymana Basin, Central Anatolia), a contributing Eocene section to the shallow benthic zonation (SBZ) in the Tethys, allow us to revise its stratigraphy and establish an integrated biostratigraphic scheme for the first time. The hemipelagic marls in the uppermost part of the Eskipolatlı Formation that underlies the Çayraz Formation yielded nannofossil assemblages of Zone CNE3, pinning down the initiation of the Çayraz shelf system into the ‘middle’ Ypresian. The prominent marly part (Member B) between the carbonate-clastic packages of the Çayraz Formation with prolific occurrences of larger benthic foraminifers (LBFs) (Members A below and C above) yielded calcareous nannofossils suggesting Zone CNE6 (late Ypresian). We show that the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sequence with abundant LBFs in the upper part of the formation (Member C) is overlain by newly discovered hemipelagic marls (here named as Member D). These marls yielded calcareous nannofossils indicating Zone CNE9 and CNE10 for the lower and Zone CNE12(?Lutetian) for the upper samples. The same beds yielded planktonic foraminifers indicating Zone E8 for the lower and Zone E9 for the upper samples. We conclude that shallow-marine sedimentation in the Çayraz section ended in the ‘middle’ Lutetian, challenging the previous Bartonian records by LBFs. A new lithostratigraphic scheme consisting of four members with distinctive lithological and biotic characteristics is proposed for the Çayraz Formation: two main shelf systems (Members A and C), each followed by deep-marine sedimentation (Members B and D).
{"title":"Calcareous nannofossils, planktonic foraminifera, and revised stratigraphy of the Eocene Çayraz Formation; the final stage of marine sedimentation in Central Anatolia, Turkey","authors":"A. O. Yücel, E. Özcan, R. Catanzariti, A. Hakyemez, A. Okay, T. A. Çiner, A. Akın","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1825","url":null,"abstract":": New field observations and discovery of calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera from the ‘shallow-marine’ Çayraz Formation (Haymana Basin, Central Anatolia), a contributing Eocene section to the shallow benthic zonation (SBZ) in the Tethys, allow us to revise its stratigraphy and establish an integrated biostratigraphic scheme for the first time. The hemipelagic marls in the uppermost part of the Eskipolatlı Formation that underlies the Çayraz Formation yielded nannofossil assemblages of Zone CNE3, pinning down the initiation of the Çayraz shelf system into the ‘middle’ Ypresian. The prominent marly part (Member B) between the carbonate-clastic packages of the Çayraz Formation with prolific occurrences of larger benthic foraminifers (LBFs) (Members A below and C above) yielded calcareous nannofossils suggesting Zone CNE6 (late Ypresian). We show that the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sequence with abundant LBFs in the upper part of the formation (Member C) is overlain by newly discovered hemipelagic marls (here named as Member D). These marls yielded calcareous nannofossils indicating Zone CNE9 and CNE10 for the lower and Zone CNE12(?Lutetian) for the upper samples. The same beds yielded planktonic foraminifers indicating Zone E8 for the lower and Zone E9 for the upper samples. We conclude that shallow-marine sedimentation in the Çayraz section ended in the ‘middle’ Lutetian, challenging the previous Bartonian records by LBFs. A new lithostratigraphic scheme consisting of four members with distinctive lithological and biotic characteristics is proposed for the Çayraz Formation: two main shelf systems (Members A and C), each followed by deep-marine sedimentation (Members B and D).","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49540312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization and dissolution behaviors of the Çatalağzı (Zonguldak, Turkey) power plant fly ash","authors":"H. Yılmaz","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48180757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nalbant, M. N. Bhloscaidh, J. McCloskey, C. Ipek, M. Utkucu
: The underlying causes of apparent barriers to rupture propagation on earthquake faults that appear strongly to constrain rupture shape and slip distributions, are the ongoing subject of research. Preseismic stress shadows on the rupturing segment, resulting from the history of slip preceding a great earthquake, are proposed here as one possible cause of such barriers. We focus on the Mentawai section of the Sunda megathrust since it is unique in having its long seismic history recorded in shallow water corals, as well as detailed slip distributions for events in the last “seismic cycle”, and modern geodetic information on the distribution of interseismic coupling. We show that stress shadows left by the moment magnitude (M) 8.7 1797 and M = 8.9 1833 earthquakes on the section persist up to today, and likely acted as barriers to the ruptures in 2007 (M = 8.4 and 7.9) and 2010 (M = 7.8), potentially resulting in much smaller earthquakes than would have occurred otherwise.
{"title":"The Role of Stress Barriers on the Shape of Future Earthquakes in the Mentawai Section of the Sunda Megathrust","authors":"S. Nalbant, M. N. Bhloscaidh, J. McCloskey, C. Ipek, M. Utkucu","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1847","url":null,"abstract":": The underlying causes of apparent barriers to rupture propagation on earthquake faults that appear strongly to constrain rupture shape and slip distributions, are the ongoing subject of research. Preseismic stress shadows on the rupturing segment, resulting from the history of slip preceding a great earthquake, are proposed here as one possible cause of such barriers. We focus on the Mentawai section of the Sunda megathrust since it is unique in having its long seismic history recorded in shallow water corals, as well as detailed slip distributions for events in the last “seismic cycle”, and modern geodetic information on the distribution of interseismic coupling. We show that stress shadows left by the moment magnitude (M) 8.7 1797 and M = 8.9 1833 earthquakes on the section persist up to today, and likely acted as barriers to the ruptures in 2007 (M = 8.4 and 7.9) and 2010 (M = 7.8), potentially resulting in much smaller earthquakes than would have occurred otherwise.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46537862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The Bitlis-Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt is one of the world’s largest deformation zones, extending from the Eastern Mediterranean in southern Turkey to in the south of Iran. This deformation zone is partitioned between different structures; however, little is known about the relative activities of these different structures and their effects on topography. An area located in the northern part of Bitlis-Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt, just south of the Eastern Anatolian Plateau was studied in detail to analyze the effect of active tectonism on topographic development. The effects of active deformation structures such as Hakkâri and Şirvan Fault Segments on the topographic evolution of Kato Folds and Sinebel Valley were investigated to understand the fold and thrust fault activity. Geomorphic indices were used, such as HC, HI, SR, Ksn together with rose analysis based on bedding measurements. Investigation of folding in the region indicates the effective stress regime in the precollision zone was in NW-SE compression direction. The deformation structures, effective in the postcollision zone developed due to N-S directional compression, and are shown here to have different effects on topography of the region. This study has shown the relative uplift rate is highest in the areas where Hakkâri and Şirvan Segments are pure thrust faults (0.4 mm year –1 ), and lower in the transfer zone (0.2 to 0.4 mm year –1 ) between the segments. As a result of this study, it is concluded that the main deformation structures controlling the topography in the region are not only thrust faults, but also structures that develop in the area of transfer zone.
{"title":"Neotectonic and topographic evolution of the Bitlis-Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt, SE Turkey","authors":"Halil Zorer, Y. Öztürk, A. S. Selçuk","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1855","url":null,"abstract":": The Bitlis-Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt is one of the world’s largest deformation zones, extending from the Eastern Mediterranean in southern Turkey to in the south of Iran. This deformation zone is partitioned between different structures; however, little is known about the relative activities of these different structures and their effects on topography. An area located in the northern part of Bitlis-Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt, just south of the Eastern Anatolian Plateau was studied in detail to analyze the effect of active tectonism on topographic development. The effects of active deformation structures such as Hakkâri and Şirvan Fault Segments on the topographic evolution of Kato Folds and Sinebel Valley were investigated to understand the fold and thrust fault activity. Geomorphic indices were used, such as HC, HI, SR, Ksn together with rose analysis based on bedding measurements. Investigation of folding in the region indicates the effective stress regime in the precollision zone was in NW-SE compression direction. The deformation structures, effective in the postcollision zone developed due to N-S directional compression, and are shown here to have different effects on topography of the region. This study has shown the relative uplift rate is highest in the areas where Hakkâri and Şirvan Segments are pure thrust faults (0.4 mm year –1 ), and lower in the transfer zone (0.2 to 0.4 mm year –1 ) between the segments. As a result of this study, it is concluded that the main deformation structures controlling the topography in the region are not only thrust faults, but also structures that develop in the area of transfer zone.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44885218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alper Kiyak, E. Pamuk, Serkan Köksal, Mustafa Levent Bakar, Serdar Tosuner
: Since Türkiye’s territory is mostly mountainous and forested, earth science studies in these areas have not been completed at an adequate level and with a satisfying resolution. However, due to the long time and cost of collecting measurements from land in large-and medium-scale studies and due to the inability to collect measurements in regular grid intervals in large-scale studies to be carried out on land, an airborne geophysical survey project was conducted in order to collect high-resolution magnetic and radiometric country-scale data. Total magnetic field and radiometry data were collected from the air between 2017 and 2022 within the scope of the country-wide Airborne Geophysics Surveys Project. The data collection flights were carried out in such a way as to follow the topography from an altitude of about 200 m above the ground. The flights were carried out considering the regular geometry of the flight profile and the general geological and tectonic structure of Türkiye in the direction of N-S with one-kilometer profile intervals. A total field magnetic anomaly map was obtained after applying the diurnal, tie line leveling, IGRF (model 2020), and differential reduction to magnetic pole (DRTP) corrections to the magnetic data. For the scope of this study, the total field magnetic anomaly and the regional total field magnetic anomaly maps were presented along with the structural boundary maps (tilt angle (TA), the total horizontal derivative (THDR) and the analytical signal (AS)) derived from these maps. During another stage of the study, the general tectonic structure of Türkiye and structural boundaries obtained from derivative-based maps (AS, TA, and THDR) were compared. General geophysical interpretation was also performed with magnetic-anomaly and derivative-based maps for the three regions characterized by high magnetic anomalies.
{"title":"New high resolution aeromagnetic anomaly map of Türkiye and its various derivative-based maps","authors":"Alper Kiyak, E. Pamuk, Serkan Köksal, Mustafa Levent Bakar, Serdar Tosuner","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1840","url":null,"abstract":": Since Türkiye’s territory is mostly mountainous and forested, earth science studies in these areas have not been completed at an adequate level and with a satisfying resolution. However, due to the long time and cost of collecting measurements from land in large-and medium-scale studies and due to the inability to collect measurements in regular grid intervals in large-scale studies to be carried out on land, an airborne geophysical survey project was conducted in order to collect high-resolution magnetic and radiometric country-scale data. Total magnetic field and radiometry data were collected from the air between 2017 and 2022 within the scope of the country-wide Airborne Geophysics Surveys Project. The data collection flights were carried out in such a way as to follow the topography from an altitude of about 200 m above the ground. The flights were carried out considering the regular geometry of the flight profile and the general geological and tectonic structure of Türkiye in the direction of N-S with one-kilometer profile intervals. A total field magnetic anomaly map was obtained after applying the diurnal, tie line leveling, IGRF (model 2020), and differential reduction to magnetic pole (DRTP) corrections to the magnetic data. For the scope of this study, the total field magnetic anomaly and the regional total field magnetic anomaly maps were presented along with the structural boundary maps (tilt angle (TA), the total horizontal derivative (THDR) and the analytical signal (AS)) derived from these maps. During another stage of the study, the general tectonic structure of Türkiye and structural boundaries obtained from derivative-based maps (AS, TA, and THDR) were compared. General geophysical interpretation was also performed with magnetic-anomaly and derivative-based maps for the three regions characterized by high magnetic anomalies.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45403893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
a number of Abstract: In this study, we investigate chemical and isotopic characteristics of low-temperature geothermal waters issuing from carbonate reservoirs in the Çürüksu Graben within the eastern termination of the Büyük Menderes Graben in western Turkey. Temperatures and pH values of geothermal waters vary from 20.1 to 24.6 ºC and 6.62 to 7.11 and those of cold waters are 17.1 to 19.9 ºC and 6.85 to 7.72, respectively. Geothermal waters are of Ca-HCO 3 and Ca-SO 4 types whereas cold waters are characterized by these two types and Mg-HCO 3 as well. δ 18 O and δD values of samples vary from –9.27‰ to –7.69‰ (VSMOW) and –58.06‰ to –52.2‰ and indicate a meteoric origin with local recharge. Tritium contents are from 0.12 to 2.17 TU for thermal waters and 0.28 to 4.85 TU for the cold waters implying relatively longer residence time for the hot waters. Thermal water samples mostly have positive δ 13 C values (varying from –0.32‰ to +1.99‰) and carbon in these waters is likely derived from marine limestone or metamorphic CO 2 . δ 34 S and δ 18 O values of dissolved sulfate in the waters indicate that sulfur originates from dissolution of marine evaporite deposits (e.g., gypsum). Çürüksu waters are generally oversaturated with respect to calcite, dolomite and quartz but undersaturated with respect to gypsum. Common ion effect exerted a strong control for the formation of travertine deposits in the area. Chemical and isotopic evaluations indicated that the diversity in the water chemistry of samples is attributed to a combination of processes including water-rock interaction, ion exchange and mixing of various types of waters. Çürüksu thermal waters are immature and not in chemical equilibrium with the reservoir rock. Among the various geothermometers applied to Çürüksu thermal waters, temperatures computed by chalcedony, quartz and Ca-Mg geothermometers are 21–52 ºC, 49–83 ºC and 73–96 ºC, respectively. HCO 3 -SO 4 -F and anhydrite-chalcedony (quartz) diagrams estimated a temperature range of 63–86 ºC and δ 18 O(SO 4 -H 2 O) isotope geothermometer
{"title":"Hydrochemical characteristics and geothermometry applications of thermal waters inthe Çürüksu Graben, western Turkey","authors":"Ali Gökgöz, Halim Mutlu, M. Akman","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1772","url":null,"abstract":"a number of Abstract: In this study, we investigate chemical and isotopic characteristics of low-temperature geothermal waters issuing from carbonate reservoirs in the Çürüksu Graben within the eastern termination of the Büyük Menderes Graben in western Turkey. Temperatures and pH values of geothermal waters vary from 20.1 to 24.6 ºC and 6.62 to 7.11 and those of cold waters are 17.1 to 19.9 ºC and 6.85 to 7.72, respectively. Geothermal waters are of Ca-HCO 3 and Ca-SO 4 types whereas cold waters are characterized by these two types and Mg-HCO 3 as well. δ 18 O and δD values of samples vary from –9.27‰ to –7.69‰ (VSMOW) and –58.06‰ to –52.2‰ and indicate a meteoric origin with local recharge. Tritium contents are from 0.12 to 2.17 TU for thermal waters and 0.28 to 4.85 TU for the cold waters implying relatively longer residence time for the hot waters. Thermal water samples mostly have positive δ 13 C values (varying from –0.32‰ to +1.99‰) and carbon in these waters is likely derived from marine limestone or metamorphic CO 2 . δ 34 S and δ 18 O values of dissolved sulfate in the waters indicate that sulfur originates from dissolution of marine evaporite deposits (e.g., gypsum). Çürüksu waters are generally oversaturated with respect to calcite, dolomite and quartz but undersaturated with respect to gypsum. Common ion effect exerted a strong control for the formation of travertine deposits in the area. Chemical and isotopic evaluations indicated that the diversity in the water chemistry of samples is attributed to a combination of processes including water-rock interaction, ion exchange and mixing of various types of waters. Çürüksu thermal waters are immature and not in chemical equilibrium with the reservoir rock. Among the various geothermometers applied to Çürüksu thermal waters, temperatures computed by chalcedony, quartz and Ca-Mg geothermometers are 21–52 ºC, 49–83 ºC and 73–96 ºC, respectively. HCO 3 -SO 4 -F and anhydrite-chalcedony (quartz) diagrams estimated a temperature range of 63–86 ºC and δ 18 O(SO 4 -H 2 O) isotope geothermometer","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42495661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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