Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2035200
Jessica Henkens, S. Dittmann, R. Baring
ABSTRACT Coastal habitats are recognised for their role as nurseries for fish. However, there are conflicting results on whether fish are using mangrove habitats primarily for shelter or feeding grounds, making it challenging to generalise their ecological value for fish. The objective of this study was to investigate whether fish communities use mangroves in temperate climates as feeding grounds. Fyke nets were set during an outgoing tide to assess the fish communities found within mangrove creeks at high tide in the Austral spring and summer. Gut content analyses were conducted to assess diet, and samples were collected for prey availability (i.e. plankton, macroinvertebrates, and meiofauna). The mangrove creeks were used by small-bodied fish, including adults of small species or juveniles of larger species, which occurred in greater abundances in spring than summer. Feeding intensity (GFI) of fish was low, reflecting the low abundances of potential prey found in the mangrove creeks. This suggests that small-bodied fish may not use the mangrove creeks as potential feeding grounds. There is a possibility of fish using mangrove habitats at high tide for shelter while they rely on adjacent habitats (e.g. seagrass meadows) to feed, highlighting the relevance of habitat heterogeneity of tidal wetlands for ecosystem services.
{"title":"Nursery function of mangrove creeks in temperate climates for estuarine fish","authors":"Jessica Henkens, S. Dittmann, R. Baring","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2022.2035200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2022.2035200","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Coastal habitats are recognised for their role as nurseries for fish. However, there are conflicting results on whether fish are using mangrove habitats primarily for shelter or feeding grounds, making it challenging to generalise their ecological value for fish. The objective of this study was to investigate whether fish communities use mangroves in temperate climates as feeding grounds. Fyke nets were set during an outgoing tide to assess the fish communities found within mangrove creeks at high tide in the Austral spring and summer. Gut content analyses were conducted to assess diet, and samples were collected for prey availability (i.e. plankton, macroinvertebrates, and meiofauna). The mangrove creeks were used by small-bodied fish, including adults of small species or juveniles of larger species, which occurred in greater abundances in spring than summer. Feeding intensity (GFI) of fish was low, reflecting the low abundances of potential prey found in the mangrove creeks. This suggests that small-bodied fish may not use the mangrove creeks as potential feeding grounds. There is a possibility of fish using mangrove habitats at high tide for shelter while they rely on adjacent habitats (e.g. seagrass meadows) to feed, highlighting the relevance of habitat heterogeneity of tidal wetlands for ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76387663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2086518
Isaac A. R. Kerr, G. Prideaux
ABSTRACT The extinct macropodine kangaroo, Protemnodon nombe, was first described in 1983 on the basis of two partial dentaries from a late Pleistocene deposit in Nombe Rockshelter, Papua New Guinea. As part of a review of Protemnodon, we noted that P. nombe differed from other members of the genus in several ways that pointed to a position outside of that genus and indeed all other known macropodine genera. The taxon possesses a unique combination of attributes of the dentary and lower dentition, including lower molars with a slight postmetacristid, a small postprotocristid and a gently S-shaped protolophid crest. The proportions of masticatory muscle insertion areas, including a broad masseteric canal for the deep masseter, resemble those of sthenurines, suggesting adaptation to tougher browsed vegetation than other New Guinean macropodines. A parsimony analysis suggests a divergence near the base of the Macropodinae, potentially in the early late Miocene. LSID of publication: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1458D336-3180-41FE-9DF5-DFAED7971807
{"title":"A new genus of kangaroo (Marsupialia, Macropodidae) from the late Pleistocene of Papua New Guinea","authors":"Isaac A. R. Kerr, G. Prideaux","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2022.2086518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2022.2086518","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The extinct macropodine kangaroo, Protemnodon nombe, was first described in 1983 on the basis of two partial dentaries from a late Pleistocene deposit in Nombe Rockshelter, Papua New Guinea. As part of a review of Protemnodon, we noted that P. nombe differed from other members of the genus in several ways that pointed to a position outside of that genus and indeed all other known macropodine genera. The taxon possesses a unique combination of attributes of the dentary and lower dentition, including lower molars with a slight postmetacristid, a small postprotocristid and a gently S-shaped protolophid crest. The proportions of masticatory muscle insertion areas, including a broad masseteric canal for the deep masseter, resemble those of sthenurines, suggesting adaptation to tougher browsed vegetation than other New Guinean macropodines. A parsimony analysis suggests a divergence near the base of the Macropodinae, potentially in the early late Miocene. LSID of publication: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1458D336-3180-41FE-9DF5-DFAED7971807","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90359470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2086358
Darislav Besedin, Brandon J. Turner, P. Deo, M. Lopes, C. Williams
ABSTRACT The world is undergoing a sixth mass extinction, and the drastic decline of amphibians in the last several decades is a major contributing factor. The spread of the deadly Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) fungus is a major causative agent, and captive breeding programs are under way to try and save endangered populations. However, how captivity affects Bd infection and the skin microbiota is not clear. We identified the skin bacteria of the South Australian frog Crinia signifera and showed that their culture-dependent skin microbiota is moderately stable in cohorts sampled from the same location in subsequent years. Their microbiota was also structurally different to that of a sympatric frog species, Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, indicating a specific microbial signature. Twenty-four C. signifera were placed into captivity for four weeks, exposed to a range of water salinity levels, during which time there was a significant reduction in identifiable skin bacterial species diversity, richness, and a change in microbial structure. The infection intensity of Bd was also significantly reduced in captivity, with some frogs becoming completely clear of infection, whilst water salinity level was not a significant determinant of Bd infection or skin microbiota.
{"title":"Effect of captivity and water salinity on culture-dependent frog skin microbiota and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection","authors":"Darislav Besedin, Brandon J. Turner, P. Deo, M. Lopes, C. Williams","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2022.2086358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2022.2086358","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The world is undergoing a sixth mass extinction, and the drastic decline of amphibians in the last several decades is a major contributing factor. The spread of the deadly Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) fungus is a major causative agent, and captive breeding programs are under way to try and save endangered populations. However, how captivity affects Bd infection and the skin microbiota is not clear. We identified the skin bacteria of the South Australian frog Crinia signifera and showed that their culture-dependent skin microbiota is moderately stable in cohorts sampled from the same location in subsequent years. Their microbiota was also structurally different to that of a sympatric frog species, Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, indicating a specific microbial signature. Twenty-four C. signifera were placed into captivity for four weeks, exposed to a range of water salinity levels, during which time there was a significant reduction in identifiable skin bacterial species diversity, richness, and a change in microbial structure. The infection intensity of Bd was also significantly reduced in captivity, with some frogs becoming completely clear of infection, whilst water salinity level was not a significant determinant of Bd infection or skin microbiota.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75215192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2050507
E. Maciunas, J. Watling, J. M. Facelli, J. Packer
ABSTRACT Consumption of seeds by fruit-eating animals is one of the most effective dispersal mechanisms for plants, yet little is known about dispersal by marsupial vectors. In the face of habitat fragmentation and the recent extinction or decline of many marsupial species in southern Australia, addressing knowledge gaps on vertebrate vectors is critical to determine deficiencies in seed dispersal. Here we examine one potential dispersal vector for the seeds of Cassytha pubescens, a native hemi-parasitic vine that contributes to vegetation complexity within many woodland habitats in southern Australia that are threatened by fragmentation. To determine the potential dispersal role of mammals for Cassytha pubescens within southern Australian woodlands, we collected and examined 46 scat samples from the omnivorous, nationally endangered southern brown bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus, over two fruiting (summer) seasons. Of the 46 scats, five had up to six seemingly undigested seeds of C. pubescens, indicating that I. obesulus consumes the fruits and may act as a disperser for this vine. Our findings improve understanding of the role of marsupials like bandicoots in dispersing native plant seed and may help to inform conservation management priorities to protect ecosystem function more effectively in fragmented woodlands threatened by loss of vertebrate seed vectors.
{"title":"Seed traits and fate support probable primary dispersal of a native hemi-parasitic vine Cassytha pubescens (Lauraceae) by Isoodon obesulus, an endangered marsupial, in southern Australia","authors":"E. Maciunas, J. Watling, J. M. Facelli, J. Packer","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2022.2050507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2022.2050507","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Consumption of seeds by fruit-eating animals is one of the most effective dispersal mechanisms for plants, yet little is known about dispersal by marsupial vectors. In the face of habitat fragmentation and the recent extinction or decline of many marsupial species in southern Australia, addressing knowledge gaps on vertebrate vectors is critical to determine deficiencies in seed dispersal. Here we examine one potential dispersal vector for the seeds of Cassytha pubescens, a native hemi-parasitic vine that contributes to vegetation complexity within many woodland habitats in southern Australia that are threatened by fragmentation. To determine the potential dispersal role of mammals for Cassytha pubescens within southern Australian woodlands, we collected and examined 46 scat samples from the omnivorous, nationally endangered southern brown bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus, over two fruiting (summer) seasons. Of the 46 scats, five had up to six seemingly undigested seeds of C. pubescens, indicating that I. obesulus consumes the fruits and may act as a disperser for this vine. Our findings improve understanding of the role of marsupials like bandicoots in dispersing native plant seed and may help to inform conservation management priorities to protect ecosystem function more effectively in fragmented woodlands threatened by loss of vertebrate seed vectors.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74539365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-19DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2021.2018759
C. Kemper, E. Steele-Collins, A. Al-Humaidhi, T. Segawa Fellowes, O. Marsh, C. Charlton
ABSTRACT Endangered Australian southern right whales, Eubalaena australis, are vulnerable to threats from human activities, particularly at calving aggregation areas. As the population increases, new calving areas are being established, which are important to monitor. In the Encounter Bay/Lacepede Bay region, South Australia, distribution, relative abundance, residency and site fidelity were studied using historical sightings (n = 1071, 1970–2013) and photo-identified individuals (n = 191, 2006–2019). Whales were observed throughout the study area and concentrated in Encounter Bay during April to November where an inshore core calving area was identified between Port Elliot and the River Murray Mouth. Annual maximum daily sightings increased from 2 to 8 ( = 2.9) whales during 1983–1997 to 1–25 ( = 8.6) after 2002. Numbers of identified female-calf pairs (CC) increased from 10 (2006–2012) to 31 (2013–2019). During 2013–2019, when survey effort increased, a mean of 4.4 (1–9 pairs/year) CC and 18.0 (7–40/year) unaccompanied animals (UA) visited Encounter Bay each season. Mean residency was greater for CC (51.3, 13–126 days) than UA (13.4, 2–40 days). Calving females that arrived pregnant had more than twice the residency time than those first sighted with a calf. A quarter of calving females returned in two or three subsequent seasons. Encounter Bay is an important calving area and requires re-classification by the Commonwealth from “emerging aggregation area” to “small, established aggregation area”. Ongoing research is needed to document southern right whale population dynamics at Encounter Bay in the context of the broader Australian population.
{"title":"Encounter Bay, South Australia, an important aggregation and nursery area for the southern right whale, Eubalaena australis (Balaenidae: Cetacea)","authors":"C. Kemper, E. Steele-Collins, A. Al-Humaidhi, T. Segawa Fellowes, O. Marsh, C. Charlton","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2021.2018759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2021.2018759","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Endangered Australian southern right whales, Eubalaena australis, are vulnerable to threats from human activities, particularly at calving aggregation areas. As the population increases, new calving areas are being established, which are important to monitor. In the Encounter Bay/Lacepede Bay region, South Australia, distribution, relative abundance, residency and site fidelity were studied using historical sightings (n = 1071, 1970–2013) and photo-identified individuals (n = 191, 2006–2019). Whales were observed throughout the study area and concentrated in Encounter Bay during April to November where an inshore core calving area was identified between Port Elliot and the River Murray Mouth. Annual maximum daily sightings increased from 2 to 8 ( = 2.9) whales during 1983–1997 to 1–25 ( = 8.6) after 2002. Numbers of identified female-calf pairs (CC) increased from 10 (2006–2012) to 31 (2013–2019). During 2013–2019, when survey effort increased, a mean of 4.4 (1–9 pairs/year) CC and 18.0 (7–40/year) unaccompanied animals (UA) visited Encounter Bay each season. Mean residency was greater for CC (51.3, 13–126 days) than UA (13.4, 2–40 days). Calving females that arrived pregnant had more than twice the residency time than those first sighted with a calf. A quarter of calving females returned in two or three subsequent seasons. Encounter Bay is an important calving area and requires re-classification by the Commonwealth from “emerging aggregation area” to “small, established aggregation area”. Ongoing research is needed to document southern right whale population dynamics at Encounter Bay in the context of the broader Australian population.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91102457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2054918
S. Marx, J. May, T. Cohen, B. Kamber, H. McGowan, L. Petherick
ABSTRACT Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre (KT-LE) sits at the heart of Australia’s dust transport system. Satellite mapping demonstrates that the lower Channel Country/northern KT-LE represents a global dust hotspot – the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. This dust is transported widely, with two dominant plume pathways; southeast, across the Tasman Sea, South Pacific Ocean and Southern Ocean, and northwest over the Pilbara/Kimberly and Indian Ocean. Marine sedimentary records imply KT-LE has been emitting dust throughout the Quaternary and potentially longer, although dust deposits linked directly to KT-LE exist only for the past ~55 kyr. The southern section of KT-LE emits little dust today; however, palaeo-aeolian sediments outcrop in, and mantle, the southern lake margins, pointing to the possibility of major net dust deflation episodes over the last glacial cycle. The spatial extent of net-deflation episodes remains uncertain. Only one event, at 30–15 ka, is evident in both lake sedimentary records and distal dust records. Over the late Pleistocene, it remains difficult to quantity the contribution of KT-LE sediment to Australia’s dust load, although estimates suggest KT-LE generated 13% and 22% of Australia’s dust load over the last 80 and 40 ka, respectively. Modern-day/Holocene dust emissions are periodic and appear coupled to arid-humid cycles, with sediment recharge a key contributing factor. During the late Pleistocene, controls on emissions are less clear, but likely coincided with large-scale changes in moisture. Despite 80 years of dust research at KT-LE, there remains much to learn about climate–landscape interactions and dust generation in Australia’s arid heart.
Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre (KT-LE)位于澳大利亚尘埃输送系统的中心。卫星地图显示，较低的海峡国家/北部的KT-LE代表了一个全球尘埃热点-南半球最大的。这些尘埃的传播范围很广，有两条主要的羽流路径;东南，横跨塔斯曼海，南太平洋和南大洋，西北，皮尔巴拉/金伯利和印度洋。海相沉积记录表明，KT-LE在整个第四纪甚至更长时间内一直在释放粉尘，尽管与KT-LE直接相关的粉尘沉积只存在于过去的~ 55kyr。KT-LE的南段今天释放的尘埃很少;然而，古风成沉积物在南部湖缘和地幔中露头，表明在最后一次冰期循环中可能发生过主要的净尘埃收缩事件。净通缩的空间范围仍不确定。在湖泊沉积记录和远端尘埃记录中，只有一个30-15 ka的事件是明显的。在晚更新世，虽然估计表明KT-LE在过去80 ka和40 ka分别产生了13%和22%的澳大利亚粉尘负荷，但仍然难以量化KT-LE沉积物对澳大利亚粉尘负荷的贡献。现代/全新世的粉尘排放是周期性的，似乎与干湿循环有关，沉积物补给是一个关键因素。在晚更新世期间，对排放的控制不太清楚，但可能与湿度的大规模变化同时发生。尽管在KT-LE进行了80年的粉尘研究，但关于澳大利亚干旱中心的气候景观相互作用和粉尘产生，还有很多需要了解的。
{"title":"Dust emissions from Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre: a review","authors":"S. Marx, J. May, T. Cohen, B. Kamber, H. McGowan, L. Petherick","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2022.2054918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2022.2054918","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre (KT-LE) sits at the heart of Australia’s dust transport system. Satellite mapping demonstrates that the lower Channel Country/northern KT-LE represents a global dust hotspot – the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. This dust is transported widely, with two dominant plume pathways; southeast, across the Tasman Sea, South Pacific Ocean and Southern Ocean, and northwest over the Pilbara/Kimberly and Indian Ocean. Marine sedimentary records imply KT-LE has been emitting dust throughout the Quaternary and potentially longer, although dust deposits linked directly to KT-LE exist only for the past ~55 kyr. The southern section of KT-LE emits little dust today; however, palaeo-aeolian sediments outcrop in, and mantle, the southern lake margins, pointing to the possibility of major net dust deflation episodes over the last glacial cycle. The spatial extent of net-deflation episodes remains uncertain. Only one event, at 30–15 ka, is evident in both lake sedimentary records and distal dust records. Over the late Pleistocene, it remains difficult to quantity the contribution of KT-LE sediment to Australia’s dust load, although estimates suggest KT-LE generated 13% and 22% of Australia’s dust load over the last 80 and 40 ka, respectively. Modern-day/Holocene dust emissions are periodic and appear coupled to arid-humid cycles, with sediment recharge a key contributing factor. During the late Pleistocene, controls on emissions are less clear, but likely coincided with large-scale changes in moisture. Despite 80 years of dust research at KT-LE, there remains much to learn about climate–landscape interactions and dust generation in Australia’s arid heart.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76208458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2037200
T. Cohen, Laura A. Mogensen, L. Arnold, Zhenhong Li, J. Jansen, J. May
ABSTRACT Lakes Frome, Callabonna, Blanche and Gregory are playa lakes on the eastern and northern sides of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Between 2007 and 2019 we surveyed key topographic features of the lakes, including shorelines, lake floors and the alluvial sills that separate the lakes with differential GPS (DGPS). We combine these observations with the analysis of a hybrid DEM that blends data from multiple sources. The lowest elevation of the Frome-Callabonna system based on the hybrid DEM is −8.33 m Australian Height Datum (AHD) at Lake Callabonna but −5.42 m AHD based on DGPS field data. Both values are considerably lower than previous estimates based on spot heights and contours. The DGPS data for Lake Callabonna support the Shuttle Radar Terrestrial Mission (SRTM) estimates of lake-floor elevations but with a mean difference of 1.7 m in elevation. There are larger differences in elevation between the hybrid DEM and the DGPS data for the floor of Lake Frome (mean difference of 4.25 m). We also report on a newly topographically surveyed high shoreline at Lake Callabonna between 20.1 and 20.8 m AHD, the highest to date.
Frome湖、Callabonna湖、Blanche湖和Gregory湖是位于南澳大利亚弗林德斯山脉东侧和北侧的playa湖。在2007年至2019年期间，我们用差分GPS (DGPS)调查了湖泊的主要地形特征，包括海岸线、湖底和将湖泊分开的冲积层。我们将这些观测结果与混合了多个来源数据的混合DEM分析相结合。基于混合DEM的from -Callabonna系统在Callabonna湖的最低海拔为- 8.33 m Australian Height Datum (AHD)，而基于DGPS野外数据的最低海拔为- 5.42 m。这两个值都比以前根据斑点高度和等高线估计的值低得多。卡拉博纳湖的DGPS数据支持航天飞机雷达地面任务(SRTM)对湖底海拔的估计，但平均海拔差为1.7米。在混合DEM和DGPS数据之间，Frome湖底的高程差异较大(平均差异为4.25 m)。我们还报道了Callabonna湖新地形调查的高岸线在海拔20.1 - 20.8 m之间，这是迄今为止最高的。
{"title":"Topographic insights in the Frome-Callabonna system and the elevation of a newly surveyed highstand shoreline","authors":"T. Cohen, Laura A. Mogensen, L. Arnold, Zhenhong Li, J. Jansen, J. May","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2022.2037200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2022.2037200","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lakes Frome, Callabonna, Blanche and Gregory are playa lakes on the eastern and northern sides of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Between 2007 and 2019 we surveyed key topographic features of the lakes, including shorelines, lake floors and the alluvial sills that separate the lakes with differential GPS (DGPS). We combine these observations with the analysis of a hybrid DEM that blends data from multiple sources. The lowest elevation of the Frome-Callabonna system based on the hybrid DEM is −8.33 m Australian Height Datum (AHD) at Lake Callabonna but −5.42 m AHD based on DGPS field data. Both values are considerably lower than previous estimates based on spot heights and contours. The DGPS data for Lake Callabonna support the Shuttle Radar Terrestrial Mission (SRTM) estimates of lake-floor elevations but with a mean difference of 1.7 m in elevation. There are larger differences in elevation between the hybrid DEM and the DGPS data for the floor of Lake Frome (mean difference of 4.25 m). We also report on a newly topographically surveyed high shoreline at Lake Callabonna between 20.1 and 20.8 m AHD, the highest to date.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80460732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2056422
J. May, T. Worthy
Sitting at the heart of the Australian continent, the modern drainage system termed the Lake Eyre Basin (LEB) has always occupied a special place in the geography of Australia. With its ~1.2 million km catchment area, and currently draining one-fifth of the continent, it is the fourth largest internally draining basin in the world. Much like its global counterparts in Africa (e.g. Chad Basin), or Asia (Caspian Basin), the Lake Eyre Basin is a wide and relatively shallow intra-cratonic basin with a long history of slow tectonic warping and subsidence. Succeeding an earlier Mesozoic basin that existed in Central Australia, an internally draining sedimentary depositional centre existed through much of the Cenozoic. This resulted in the geological structure termed the Lake Eyre Basin whose extent is primarily subsurface and is represented by a series of sedimentary formations, notably, the Palaeocene–Eocene Eyre Formation, the late Oligocene– Pliocene Namba and Etadunna formations, and the Pliocene–Quaternary Wipajiri, Tirari and Kutjitara formations, and their lateral equivalents (see, Callen et al., 1995). These geological structures of the Lake Eyre Basin document an eventful and climatically variable history in the Cenozoic, accompanied by a general drying trend that led into the arid to semi-arid environmental conditions that dominate much of the continent’s interior today (e.g. Martin, 2006; McGowran & Hill, 2015). Superimposed on, but only partly overlapping the geological Lake Eyre Basin, is the modern drainage system of the Lake Eyre Basin (LEB; see, Habeck-Fardy & Nanson, 2014 for a review). The aridity of the LEB is clearly reflected in many environmental variables (Figure 1). For example, annual rainfall totals can be as low as ~120 mm/a in the central portion of the basin. Low annual rainfall combines with evaporation rates of >4000 mm/a to provide a primary control on soils, flora and fauna, their ecological characteristics and evolution. While much of the LEB is covered by grasses and shrubs, these arid landscapes prompted early explorers to label the LEB as the “dead heart” of Australia – a perspective that clearly ignored the LEB’s environmental, ecological, geomorphic, hydrological, or even just the topographic diversity, across all spatial scales. It was not until the mid-20 century, however, that scientists started to systematically approach and investigate this diversity, and early work on the landscapes in the LEB soon recognised the variable nature of environmental conditions over seasonal to multimillennial temporal scales. It became clear, that even the lowest and possibly driest place on the Australian continent – the salt-covered lake floor of Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre –
坐落在澳大利亚大陆的中心，被称为艾尔湖盆地(LEB)的现代排水系统在澳大利亚地理上一直占据着特殊的位置。它的集水区约为120万公里，目前占非洲大陆的五分之一，是世界上第四大内部排水盆地。与非洲(如乍得盆地)或亚洲(里海盆地)的同类盆地非常相似，艾尔湖盆地是一个宽而相对浅的克拉通内盆地，具有漫长的缓慢构造翘曲和沉降历史。继澳大利亚中部中生代早期的盆地之后，一个内部排水的沉积沉积中心在新生代的大部分时间里都存在。这导致了被称为Eyre湖盆地的地质构造，其范围主要是地下，由一系列沉积地层代表，特别是古新世-始新世Eyre组，晚渐新世-上新世Namba和Etadunna组，上新世-第四纪Wipajiri, Tirari和Kutjitara组，以及它们的侧向等量(参见Callen et al.， 1995)。艾尔湖盆地的这些地质构造记录了一个多事件和气候变化的新生代历史，伴随着普遍的干燥趋势，导致了干旱到半干旱的环境条件，这种环境条件今天主导了大陆的大部分内陆地区(例如Martin, 2006;McGowran & Hill, 2015)。艾尔湖盆地的现代水系(LEB;参考Habeck-Fardy & Nanson, 2014)。LEB的干旱在许多环境变量中得到了清晰的反映(图1)。例如，盆地中部的年降雨量可低至~120毫米/年。年降雨量低，蒸发率>4000毫米/年，对土壤、动植物及其生态特征和演变提供了主要控制。虽然LEB的大部分地区被草和灌木覆盖，但这些干旱的景观促使早期探险家将LEB标记为澳大利亚的“死心脏”-这种观点显然忽略了LEB的环境，生态，地貌，水文，甚至只是地形多样性，在所有空间尺度上。然而，直到20世纪中期，科学家们才开始系统地接近和调查这种多样性，并且在LEB的早期景观工作中很快认识到环境条件在季节性到千年时间尺度上的变化本质。很明显，即使是澳大利亚大陆上海拔最低、可能是最干燥的地方——卡蒂坦达湖的盐覆盖湖底——艾尔湖——
{"title":"Foreword: Revisiting Lake Eyre Basin landscapes","authors":"J. May, T. Worthy","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2022.2056422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2022.2056422","url":null,"abstract":"Sitting at the heart of the Australian continent, the modern drainage system termed the Lake Eyre Basin (LEB) has always occupied a special place in the geography of Australia. With its ~1.2 million km catchment area, and currently draining one-fifth of the continent, it is the fourth largest internally draining basin in the world. Much like its global counterparts in Africa (e.g. Chad Basin), or Asia (Caspian Basin), the Lake Eyre Basin is a wide and relatively shallow intra-cratonic basin with a long history of slow tectonic warping and subsidence. Succeeding an earlier Mesozoic basin that existed in Central Australia, an internally draining sedimentary depositional centre existed through much of the Cenozoic. This resulted in the geological structure termed the Lake Eyre Basin whose extent is primarily subsurface and is represented by a series of sedimentary formations, notably, the Palaeocene–Eocene Eyre Formation, the late Oligocene– Pliocene Namba and Etadunna formations, and the Pliocene–Quaternary Wipajiri, Tirari and Kutjitara formations, and their lateral equivalents (see, Callen et al., 1995). These geological structures of the Lake Eyre Basin document an eventful and climatically variable history in the Cenozoic, accompanied by a general drying trend that led into the arid to semi-arid environmental conditions that dominate much of the continent’s interior today (e.g. Martin, 2006; McGowran & Hill, 2015). Superimposed on, but only partly overlapping the geological Lake Eyre Basin, is the modern drainage system of the Lake Eyre Basin (LEB; see, Habeck-Fardy & Nanson, 2014 for a review). The aridity of the LEB is clearly reflected in many environmental variables (Figure 1). For example, annual rainfall totals can be as low as ~120 mm/a in the central portion of the basin. Low annual rainfall combines with evaporation rates of >4000 mm/a to provide a primary control on soils, flora and fauna, their ecological characteristics and evolution. While much of the LEB is covered by grasses and shrubs, these arid landscapes prompted early explorers to label the LEB as the “dead heart” of Australia – a perspective that clearly ignored the LEB’s environmental, ecological, geomorphic, hydrological, or even just the topographic diversity, across all spatial scales. It was not until the mid-20 century, however, that scientists started to systematically approach and investigate this diversity, and early work on the landscapes in the LEB soon recognised the variable nature of environmental conditions over seasonal to multimillennial temporal scales. It became clear, that even the lowest and possibly driest place on the Australian continent – the salt-covered lake floor of Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre –","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80074533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2021.2003514
G. Wakelin-King
ABSTRACT Lake Eyre Basin (LEB) rivers are important but under-researched. This study integrates published and new information into a systematic geomorphological overview, subdividing the LEB into nine landscape zones: basin-margin Uplands with relatively high-energy rivers; Rocky Fringe, piedmont with short rivers and floodouts; Western Rivers, notable for neotectonism and stream capture; low-relief Northern Plains drainages and floodouts; Central Plains dunefield; Channel Country-Vertic Downs, cracking-clay interfluves and valley macrochannels; Channel Country-Stony Domes, rocky or sandy interfluves and complex macrochannels; Lakes & Dunes maintained by saline groundwater; and playas in the Mega-lakes. Zone boundary GIS datasets are available. LEB rivers are shown to be diverse and distinctive, indicating a need for locally relevant knowledge in management and monitoring. Fluvial landform suites include sand-bed rivers, macrochannels hosting coexisting anabranching and anastomosing systems in vertic floodplains, floodouts, low-angle alluvial fans, and three types of waterhole. Channels may be discontinuous or not present; floodplains can dominate flow transmission. Contributing hillslopes are heterogenous in their capacity to generate runoff, while drainage networks may have low to high degrees of integration. Management implications include the importance of in-river terrestrial ecosystems and “patchy” drainage networks, and the inapplicability of some morphometric practices.
{"title":"Landscapes of the Lake Eyre Basin: the catchment-scale context that creates fluvial diversity","authors":"G. Wakelin-King","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2021.2003514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2021.2003514","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lake Eyre Basin (LEB) rivers are important but under-researched. This study integrates published and new information into a systematic geomorphological overview, subdividing the LEB into nine landscape zones: basin-margin Uplands with relatively high-energy rivers; Rocky Fringe, piedmont with short rivers and floodouts; Western Rivers, notable for neotectonism and stream capture; low-relief Northern Plains drainages and floodouts; Central Plains dunefield; Channel Country-Vertic Downs, cracking-clay interfluves and valley macrochannels; Channel Country-Stony Domes, rocky or sandy interfluves and complex macrochannels; Lakes & Dunes maintained by saline groundwater; and playas in the Mega-lakes. Zone boundary GIS datasets are available. LEB rivers are shown to be diverse and distinctive, indicating a need for locally relevant knowledge in management and monitoring. Fluvial landform suites include sand-bed rivers, macrochannels hosting coexisting anabranching and anastomosing systems in vertic floodplains, floodouts, low-angle alluvial fans, and three types of waterhole. Channels may be discontinuous or not present; floodplains can dominate flow transmission. Contributing hillslopes are heterogenous in their capacity to generate runoff, while drainage networks may have low to high degrees of integration. Management implications include the importance of in-river terrestrial ecosystems and “patchy” drainage networks, and the inapplicability of some morphometric practices.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90083947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2027649
S. Mann, K. Amos
ABSTRACT Intraplate tectonism and continental climate change have important roles in the evolution of the arid Lake Eyre Basin, one of the world’s largest interior basins, and a place with economic, environmental, and cultural significance for many Australians. Just off one of the main rivers of the Basin, Cooper Creek, Lake Yamma Yamma – a 20 km by 40 km ephemeral feature – traps sediment ~750 km upstream and ~90 m higher than the ultimate base level of the Basin – Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre. This paper is the first to report on the sedimentology and geomorphic evolution of this modern ephemeral playa lake. Field-based sedimentology, laboratory-based grain size analysis, satellite image interpretation, inundation frequency maps, hydrological data, and digital elevation data, were used to interpret sedimentary processes and the evolution of the lake. Results suggest Lake Yamma Yamma is a long-lived feature. Evolution is primarily structurally controlled, with the main lake delta migrating north-west over time. Quaternary fluvial, lacustrine and aeolian deposition is likely controlled by intraplate tectonism, and palaeo-shorelines may be remnant features of a prior climate regime. Age dating of this sedimentary archive could provide important information on the history, palaeoclimate, and evolution of the Lake Eyre Basin, and the Australian continent.
{"title":"Sedimentology and geomorphology of Lake Yamma Yamma - A long-lived structurally controlled playa lake of the Lake Eyre Basin, Australia","authors":"S. Mann, K. Amos","doi":"10.1080/03721426.2022.2027649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2022.2027649","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intraplate tectonism and continental climate change have important roles in the evolution of the arid Lake Eyre Basin, one of the world’s largest interior basins, and a place with economic, environmental, and cultural significance for many Australians. Just off one of the main rivers of the Basin, Cooper Creek, Lake Yamma Yamma – a 20 km by 40 km ephemeral feature – traps sediment ~750 km upstream and ~90 m higher than the ultimate base level of the Basin – Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre. This paper is the first to report on the sedimentology and geomorphic evolution of this modern ephemeral playa lake. Field-based sedimentology, laboratory-based grain size analysis, satellite image interpretation, inundation frequency maps, hydrological data, and digital elevation data, were used to interpret sedimentary processes and the evolution of the lake. Results suggest Lake Yamma Yamma is a long-lived feature. Evolution is primarily structurally controlled, with the main lake delta migrating north-west over time. Quaternary fluvial, lacustrine and aeolian deposition is likely controlled by intraplate tectonism, and palaeo-shorelines may be remnant features of a prior climate regime. Age dating of this sedimentary archive could provide important information on the history, palaeoclimate, and evolution of the Lake Eyre Basin, and the Australian continent.","PeriodicalId":49425,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80192284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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