Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Kleintiere Heimtiere最新文献

The following case report describes the clinical approach concerning diagnostic procedures and treatment of a renal adenocarcinoma in a 2-year-old rabbit presented due to hyporexia and polydipsia. The clinical examination disclosed an abdominal mass. Further imaging revealed a unilateral enlargement of the left kidney presumed to be of neoplastic origin. After staging via blood testing, abdominal ultrasound and radiographic imaging of the thorax and abdomen revealed no signs of metastasis, nephrectomy was performed. Patho-histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a renal adenocarcinoma. Despite its guarded prognosis the patient recovered completely and was free of metastases or other health limitations 12 months after the surgery.

A 7-year-old French Bulldog presented with an acanthomatous ameloblastoma affecting approximately 30% of the right mandibular body. We utilized a patient-specific 3D-printed surgical template to perform lateral fenestration of the mandible and elevation of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), facilitating nerve preservation during subsequent segmental mandibulectomy. The resulting critical-sized bone defect was anatomically stabilized using a patient-specific polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bridging plate. The recovery process was uneventful, with maintained occlusion and orofacial sensitivity.Similar to cases in humans with ameloblastoma, preserving orofacial sensitivity through the preservation of the inferior alveolar nerve seems feasible in dogs. Consequently, potential negative consequences of permanent regional denervation, which are unavoidable in traditional mandibulectomy, can be avoided. Bridging the ostectomy with a PEEK plate, offering advantages such as radiolucency, absence of imaging artifacts, and a modulus of elasticity similar to bone, proved to be functional in this canine patient, with no signs of complications observed up to the latest follow-up at 6 months.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the treatment success of dogs with medial coronoid disease (here: Fragmented Coronoid Process [FCP]) following arthroscopically performed subtotal coronoidectomy by the use of subjective and objective gait analysis and the evaluation of osteoarthritis progression in addition to their correlation with the findings from postoperative computed tomography. In particular, the clinical relevance of residual particles remaining postoperatively was to be evaluated.

Material and methods: Thirty elbows from 24 dogs of different breeds were examined clinically, orthopedically, using gait analysis as well as radiographically at least 6 months after unilateral or bilateral subtotal coronoidectomy. The results were compared with the preoperative findings of the corresponding examinations and postoperative computed tomography.

Results: 79.2% (19/24) of the patients improved by at least one degree of lameness in the orthopedic examination, 66.7% (16/24) were free of lameness. 60% (18/30 joints) showed an increase in the degree of arthrosis. Postoperative computed tomography revealed small residual bone particles (<1 mm) in the joint space or soft tissue in 56.7% (17/30) of the joints. No significant association was evident between residual lameness and residual particles remaining within the joint postoperatively. An association between persistent lameness and progression of arthrosis was also not be demonstrable.

Conclusion: No evidence was apparent supporting a link between residues of small bone particles after arthroscopic subtotal coronoidectomy and postoperative lameness. The progression of osteoarthritis could not be interrupted despite the surgical intervention.

Clinical relevance: When small residual particles (<1 mm) remain after subtotal coronoidectomy, these do not appear to have any influence on the clinical outcome.

This case report discusses a 12-year-old West Highland White Terrier presented to the veterinary clinic with reverse sneezing and oral dysphagia. The endoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract revealed a mass in the area of the right tonsil. Histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of a malignant pilomatrixoma. The dog underwent surgical cytoreduction, followed by radiation therapy. After the treatment, the dog was free of clinical signs for 154 days and in good general condition. Due to recurrence of signs and the suspicion of clinically overt metastases in the mandibular lymph nodes, the dog was euthanized 261 days after the diagnosis. This is the first report of a malignant pilomatrixoma in the tonsillar area that has been treated with cytoreductive surgery and radiation therapy.

A 3-month-old domestic shorthair tomcat born on a farm was unsuccessfully treated with meloxicam for alternating lameness, fever and inappetence. On presentation, there was lameness (grade 2/4) of the right forelimb with mild swelling of the soft tissue. Rectal temperature was 39.9°C, a moderate anemia developed. Inadequate bleeding occurred during arthrocentesis performed on suspicion of polyarthritis. Coagulation tests revealed an isolated prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Activity of factor VIII was 5% (reference range: 70-125%), of factor IX 55% (80-130%), and of factor XII 73% (50-140%).In a genetic study, exons and adjacent intron sequences of the feline F8-gene were sequenced and compared with the reference (ENSFCAT000078256.1). While no non-synonymous variants were found in coding sequences, intron 19 revealed the variant c.6073+2 T>C. This variant likely results in splice site alteration, atypical splicing, and thus an altered mRNA for FVIII.The patient was treated symptomatically (metamizole, buprenorphine, tranexamic acid) and clinical signs improved. Chemical castration with a GnRH implant was performed at 8 and 18 months of age, whereby minor bleeding at the implantation site occurred after the second implantation. After 3.5 years, the cat lives nearly without clinical signs of bleeding.aPTT prolongation with normal PT indicated a factor deficiency. Determination of factor activity led to the diagnosis of hemophilia A. Genetic testing detected a splice variant in the F8-gene.

Three dogs were presented with a sudden onset of erythematous skin lesions, fever, and various extracutaneous signs, assigned to canine sterile neutrophilic dermatosis by clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic examination. This disease is very rare and comparable to Sweet syndrome in humans. According to the 4 forms of SS, the 1st and 3rd cases in this case report could be classified as classic/idiopathic SS. In this context, the respiratory signs may be a prodromal stage of SS preceding the skin lesions or possibly an infection of the respiratory tract was the trigger for SS. The 2nd case, on the other hand, shows a clear and the 3rd case a possible connection to pathergy as a consequence of a previous surgical treatment (case 2 a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy [TPLO] 20 days previously, case 3 a hemilaminectomy 90 days previously). This way, both may be assigned to the 4th form of SS. In all 3 cases, an adverse drug reaction as a trigger cannot be ruled out with certainty, as medication was used before the diagnosis was made in each case. Besides the most common extracutaneous signs such as fever and neutrophilia, immune-hemolytic anemia occurred in 2 of the patients. As therapeutic options, in addition to the established immunosuppressive drugs such as prednisolone, ciclosporin and azathioprine, oclacitinib is also included in the treatment regimen. In addition, administration of an antiplatelet agent (clopidogrel), which may be interpreted as a lesson learnt from the first of the presented cases, that died of pulmonary thromboembolism. In case 2, all drugs were tapered and eventually stopped over a period of 2.5 years and the patient has been without recurrence for 4 years. Case 3 is recurrence-free under therapy.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to decribe the intoxication with tremorgenic mycotoxins subsequent to the ingestion of walnuts in a large population of dogs and the evaluation of the development of the clinical signs under the initiated treatment.

Material and methods: The study included 54 dogs exhibiting signs of tremor, hyperesthesia, hyperthermia and ataxia, in particular a few hours following observed ingestion of walnuts or its justified suspicion.

Results: The patients were presented to the clinic mostly during winter and spring. Fifty-three of 54 dogs were hospitalized for symptomatic, decontaminating and eliminating therapy (98%). Symptomatic treatment comprised of anticonvulsant therapy in 14 dogs (26%) and an antiemetic therapy in for half of the patients (n=27; 50%). A forced emesis for decontamination was undertaken in only 6 patients due to the severity of their neurological symptoms (11%). For further decontamination, an oral administration of activated charcoal after improvement of clinical signs (n=39; 72%). The majority of dogs (n=45; 83%) additionally received an intravenous lipid therapy for toxin elimination and isotonic crystalloid solution to compensate fluid losses. There were no side effects observed following the administration of intravenous lipid therapy. The majority of dogs were hospitalized for a duration of 2 days (n=44; 81%). In most dogs, examination was unremarkable on the day of their release (n=39; 72%). Potential long-term sequelae of the intoxication were not recorded in any patient.

Conclusion: Due to the lipophilic nature of mycotoxins, the use of intravenous lipid therapy may considered for toxin elimination purposes. The prognosis of mycotoxin intoxication following walnut ingestion is good with decontamination and elimination measures.

Clinical relevance: In the case of unspecific neurological signs such as tremor, ataxia and hyperesthesia as well as a corresponding preliminary report, an intoxication with mycotoxin-containing walnuts should be considered.

A 12-year-old Saluki was presented with acute lameness and plantar swelling of the right metatarsus following an episode of free running. Radiographs showed soft tissue swelling only, the involved bone and joint structures were unremarkable. The lesion recurred several months later. Ultrasonographic imaging of the lesion revealed a well-vascularized cavernous structure. Subsequent surgical removal and histopathological examination of the structure raised the initial suspicion of an arteriovenous fistula, which was then confirmed histologically following a second surgical removal of another recurrence. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the potential complexity of what initially appears to be a simple lameness. At the same time, attention is focused on the possibility that arteriovenous fistulas may tend to recur.

Thymomas and mediastinal lymphomas are the most common mediastinal neoplasms in cats. While mediastinal lymphoma occurs primarily in younger cats (approximately 2 to 4 years of age), thymomas are diagnosed almost exclusively in older cats. However, the following case shows that this is not necessarily always the case.A 3-year- and 11-month-old neutered male European Shorthair was presented with a preliminary report of exercise intolerance and restricted respiration. Both symptoms occurred primarily at high ambient temperatures. Radiographically, a mediastinal mass filled a significant part of the thoracic cavity. A computed tomographic examination and ultrasound-guided TruCut biopsy were performed. Histologic examination suggested a thymoma. A sternal thoracotomy and resection of the circumferential proliferation was conducted. Subsequent histopathologic examination confirmed the suspected diagnosis of a mediastinal thymoma. The cat recovered well postoperatively, and a clinical and radiographic follow-up examination was unremarkable after 8 months.

Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta are only sporadically documented in the veterinary literature. This publication describes 2 canine cases in which abdominal aortic malformation was detected by sonography and confirmed by computed tomography. In one case a histological diagnosis of an aortic aneurysm was possible.One dog showed posterior weakness, in the second dog the aortic aneurysm had been noticed sonographically during a routine examination.In the patient with the proven aortic aneurysm, it may be presumed that a hemodynamically relevant component in consequence to the altered flow profile and occurring turbulence exists. In accordance with human medical standards, regular monitoring of these patients, both clinically and by ultrasound, would therefore appear to be useful in order to be able to detect the occurrence or progression of secondary hemodynamic changes and possible thrombus formation at an early stage. In contrast, the second case presented here has not shown any clinical signs with regard to the abdominal vascular malformation up to the present time.