Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Kleintiere Heimtiere最新文献

A one-year-old, intact female Sphinx cat was presented with severe lameness in the right front limb following a fall. Orthopedic examination revealed grade four lameness with hematoma and severe pain around the elbow. Radiologic examination revealed a type I Monteggia fracture. The ulnar fracture was treated with plate osteosynthesis, while the radius head dislocation was fixed with a positional screw inserted between the ulna and radius. The cat was kept on cage rest for eight weeks. Recheck radiographs were taken four and eight weeks after the operation. At the time of the second follow-up examination, the cat was free of lameness and the positional screw was removed. A few days after this second surgery, the cat was able to return to normal activities.

Volumetric methods offer new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic diseases, as well as for an improved assessment of prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the intra- and inter-rater reliability of volumetric measurements in manual image segmentation of the lateral ventricles of dogs, taking different sequences, body mass and lateral ventricle size into account.MRI datasets of 9 dogs, representing 3 different body mass groups and 3 different ventricular size groups, were obtained retrospectively from the image database of our clinic. For each patient, 2D sequences were available in T2, T1 and FLAIR weighting in the transverse plane. The lateral ventricles were segmented and measured volumetrically 10 times each by 5 raters. A further 9 dogs were selected for evaluation of a 3D T1 sequence. One of the raters (JD) performed segmentation and measurement 10 times. Statistical analysis included descriptive data and calculation of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for intra- and inter-rater reliability.Intra-rater reliability: The smallest variation in values was measured in the T1 sequence for dogs with small body mass and small ventricular size. For larger dogs and larger lateral ventricles, the 3D T1 sequence showed less variation. Only 2/36 calculated ICCs indicated moderate reliability (1 each for T1 and 3D T1 sequences). The remaining ICC (34/36) indicated poor reliability. Inter-rater reliability: The sequence with the least variation was observer dependent. All calculated ICCs (27/27) indicated poor reliability regardless of sequence, body mass or subjective ventricular size.Volumetric measurement of canine lateral ventricles by manual segmentation shows major weaknesses in terms of reliability, both for single and multiple examiner measurements.Manual segmentation as performed in this study is not suitable for routine clinical use due to poor reliability and time-consuming application.

In 2024, three novel pharmaceutical agents for small animals were released on the German veterinary medicinal products market: the histamine H₂-receptor antagonist ranitidine for the treatment of gastric ulcers, the alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonist tasipimidine for the relief of anxiety and the SGLT-2 inhibitor velagliflozin for the insulin-independent treatment of diabetes mellitus. No active substance was extended to other animal species. The following are new to the market for small animals: two active substances (amlodipine; fluralaner), each in a new dosage form, a new combination of active substances (neomycin sulphate + polymyxin B sulphate) and one active substance (trilostane) in two new dosage forms. There were no vaccines for small animals against new diseases and no new dosage forms. A new recombinant vaccine against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus was approved.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positive, single-stranded RNA viruses that can infect various animal species as well as humans. Particularly relevant for cats is the feline coronavirus (FCoV), which is widespread in cat populations worldwide. Infection with FCoV is usually asymptomatic. However, in multi-cat households, approximately 5-12% of FCoV-infected cats develop feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) due to mutations in the spike gene. FIP is an immune-mediated disease that previously was always fatal. These mutations result in a tropism shift from enterocytes to monocytes and macrophages. The associated change in the virulence of FCoV leads to the characteristic granulomatous vasculitis and perivasculitis observed in FIP. Recently, significant advancements have been made in understanding FIP. Studies show that antiviral drugs used in human medicine, such as the nucleoside analog GS-441524, are effective against FIP and can provide affected cats with a survival chance of up to 100%. Additionally, a novel FCoV variant, FCoV-23, has been identified in cats from Cyprus. According to newest research, this virus arose through a recombination between FCoV and the highly virulent pantropic canine coronavirus; it can be directly transmitted from cat to cat and lead to FIP. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that FIP is frequently associated with myocarditis. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on FIP, including its pathology, clinical signs, effective treatment options, and preventive measures.

Chronic rhinitis is one of the most common diseases of the upper respiratory tract in dogs and cats. A multifactorial etiology is likely in most patients. In cats in particular, it is assumed that chronic rhinitis is a consequence of a previous viral infection. Affected animals may show unilateral or bilateral serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge or epistaxis. The diagnosis is based on histopathological examination of nasal mucosal biopsies once other causes of chronic nasal problems such as neoplasia, fungal infections, dental disease, parasites, polyps, or foreign bodies have been ruled out. In some cases, chronic rhinitis may be aggravated secondarily by concomitant bacterial infections. In order to improve mucociliary clearance, nasal lavage, inhalation therapy, and mucolytic medications represent the fundament of long-term treatment. In addition, some patients respond to anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The administration of antibiotics is currently being discussed controversially, and does not lead to complete resolution of the clinical signs.

Miniature pet pigs, called Minipigs, were originally bred for experimental purposes. Since the 1990s, they have been kept as pets in private households. They are kept indoor, in stables with runs and outdoors. Mistakes in feeding and insufficient knowledge of pet owners about their animals lead to husbandry-related diseases. Veterinary practices for small animals are often visited in the case of disease or necessary care measures. In this review, the topics of breeding lines, husbandry, feeding, legal principles, clinical examination, the most important diseases and their treatment are presented.

The aim of this study was to describe the surgical treatment of combined radius and ulna fractures in Toy breeds using an external fixator and an intramedullary pin as well as to describe the advantages and disadvantages of this method.This retrospective study only included dogs of different Toy breeds that presented to the Grußendorf Animal Health Center between 2012 and 2023 with a distal diaphyseal radius and ulnar fracture. In all animals, the fracture was set using surgical repositioning as well as an intramedullary radial pin and subsequently fixated with a type 2 external fixator. Follow-up care included short-term hospitalization as well as a follow-up examination of the surgical site 10 days 10 days post-operatively and re-evaluation radiographs 6 weeks after surgery. Following implant removal, a supportive bandage treatment was carried out for 2 week. Complications were classified as either minor or serious, with serious complications characterized by the need for either medical or surgical additional treatment.A total of 54 patients met the study's inclusion criteria. On average, patients were hospitalized postoperatively during a period of 3 days, and the external fixator was removed after 9.2 weeks. Complications occurred in 17 patients (31.5%). There were 14 minor and 3 serious complications. In all cases, the described fracture treatment led to complete recovery (restitutio ad integrum).In the presented patient population, the combination of a Type 2 external fixator and intramedullary pinning of the radius in the treatment of distal radius and ulna fractures in toy and miniature dog breeds was shown to be reliable. This method may be performed with minimal material requirements.

Primary erythrocytosis, also known as polycythemia vera, is a myoproliferative disease resulting in an increased red blood cell mass and is associated with increased hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations. Patients have an augmented risk for thrombosis and bleeding. Typical clinical signs are weakness and central neurologic disturbances. An important clinical finding is the evidence of brick-red mucous membranes. Diagnosis of primary erythrocytosis is made by exclusion. Diagnostic work up includes measurement of erythropoietin levels as well as exclusion of common causes of secondary erythrocytosis (i.e. hypoxic disease, EPO-secreting tumors, kidney disorders). The treatment consists of initial phlebotomies, often combined with hydroxyurea as a chemotherapeutic agent. Patients may occasionally survive for years with long-term treatment. In this case report, a mixed-breed dog failed to show adequate response to chemotherapy with fever, diarrhoea and anorexia occurring during the hydroxyurea treatment period. Following the discontinuation of chemotherapy, clinical signs subsided. Due to rapid increases in hematocrit, phlebotomies were required very frequently (every 2 to 3 weeks) throughout the treatment. This case report demonstrates that control of clinical signs may be achieved with phlebotomy only and survival may exceed 30 months.

Owners commonly have certain concerns about vaccinations, particularly regarding potential adverse reactions. This review presents a summary of vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs) reported in cats. The most commonly observed VAAEs in cats include mild, non-specific signs such as a mildly reduced general condition, anorexia, and increased body temperature. These mild systemic reactions commonly indicate a good immune response. Severe VAAEs, such as type I hypersensitivity reactions (allergic or anaphylactic reaction), are very rare but potentially life-threatening. They can occur either immediately (within minutes) or several hours later and usually require treatment. The risk of VAAEs increases with the number of applied vaccines per visit. Therefore, a risk-benefit analysis should be carried out for each vaccination, and the number of vaccine components per visit should be minimized. Antibody measurements can be performed to assess the need for re-vaccinations, at least against panleukopenia in adult cats (re-vaccination only if antibodies are lacking). Also, long-term reactions after vaccinations play a role in cats. The most serious VAAE in cats is the feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS), which can develop at injection sites following vaccinations (or other injections). The definitive cause of FISS is still not fully understood. Furthermore, studies have found a potential correlation between (frequent) vaccinations and chronic kidney disease in cats, although a definite causal proof is lacking. Therefore, this principle should always be followed: vaccinate as often as necessary but not more than necessary.